Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation. Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock t...Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation. Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature, mining operations and climatic conditions. A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined, for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock, taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature. The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold. In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground, to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why coolin~ cannot be focussed solely at surface.展开更多
Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining cooling technologies available and the cost to implement them in a 2500 m deep underground mine. The cooling technologies reviewed h...Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining cooling technologies available and the cost to implement them in a 2500 m deep underground mine. The cooling technologies reviewed herein include mechanical and natural cooling systems, ranging from mechanical chillers to seasonal thermal storages. The economic and operating parameters for each technology were estimated and evaluated according to the mine's energy loads. Including consideration of any combined heat and power benefits of the technology, cooling tower requirements, etc., the resulting cost of implementation for each technology could be ranked. This showed that the natural thermal storage systems and conventional chillers were the most cost-effective, mainly since the natural systems had very low operating cost and the chillers had relatively low capital costs.展开更多
With depletion of shallow deposits,the number of underground mines expected to reach more than 3 km depth during their lifetime is growing.Although surface cooling plants are mostly effective in mine airconditioning,u...With depletion of shallow deposits,the number of underground mines expected to reach more than 3 km depth during their lifetime is growing.Although surface cooling plants are mostly effective in mine airconditioning,usually secondary cooling units are needed below 2 kmdepth.This need emerges due to the elevated thermal impacts caused by auto-compression of mine air as well as heat emissions from strata and mine machinery.As a result,in cold climates,like Canada,ultra-deep mines need their secondary underground cooling plants running year-round while the intake air must be heated to protect the sensitive machinery and liners from freezing during the winter season.To cool mine air,horizontal bulk-airconditioners with direct spray cooling systems are commonly used due to their high performance.Conventionally,sprayed water in bulk-air-coolers are mechanically circulated and refrigerated in coupled refrigeration plants.This set up can be transformed to a natural cooling/heating process by resurfacing the warm underground bulk-air-cooler spray water for mine air heating on the surface and re-sinking the chilled water for cooling in the underground bulk air coolers.This could significantly cut-down the fossil-fuel consumption in burners for mine air pre-conditioning and refrigeration cost when applicable.This paper presents an anonymous real-life example to study the feasibility of the proposed idea for an ultra-deep Canadian mine.展开更多
lraq locates in hot arid region （30 °N-37 °N）, where the hot summer season is very long and the ambient temperature is about 50 ℃. Cooling of building needs A/C （air-conditioning） system which consumes ...lraq locates in hot arid region （30 °N-37 °N）, where the hot summer season is very long and the ambient temperature is about 50 ℃. Cooling of building needs A/C （air-conditioning） system which consumes more than 60% of the total electricity supplied to residential building. So, there is really need to minimize the energy consumption by enhancement the performance of Iraqi buildings using passive house technique. This paper presents the thermal performance ofa Passivhaus model built in Kirkuk （35 °N）. The design depends on the using of suitable materials, sufficient insulation, well airtightness and underground air cooling. The experimental measurements take in consideration several parameters like ambient temperature, solar radiation, orientation of the building and duration. The results give good indication of the benefit of using this technique of passive cooling system in Iraqi residential buildings. The indoor temperature could be reduced to 30 ℃, while, the energy consumption for cooling could be saved up to 80%.展开更多
基金CEMI (Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation) for their funding to support this research
文摘Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation. Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature, mining operations and climatic conditions. A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined, for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock, taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature. The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold. In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground, to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why coolin~ cannot be focussed solely at surface.
基金CEMI (Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation) for their funding to support this research
文摘Cooling energy needs, for mines in Northern Ontario, are mainly driven by the mining cooling technologies available and the cost to implement them in a 2500 m deep underground mine. The cooling technologies reviewed herein include mechanical and natural cooling systems, ranging from mechanical chillers to seasonal thermal storages. The economic and operating parameters for each technology were estimated and evaluated according to the mine's energy loads. Including consideration of any combined heat and power benefits of the technology, cooling tower requirements, etc., the resulting cost of implementation for each technology could be ranked. This showed that the natural thermal storage systems and conventional chillers were the most cost-effective, mainly since the natural systems had very low operating cost and the chillers had relatively low capital costs.
文摘With depletion of shallow deposits,the number of underground mines expected to reach more than 3 km depth during their lifetime is growing.Although surface cooling plants are mostly effective in mine airconditioning,usually secondary cooling units are needed below 2 kmdepth.This need emerges due to the elevated thermal impacts caused by auto-compression of mine air as well as heat emissions from strata and mine machinery.As a result,in cold climates,like Canada,ultra-deep mines need their secondary underground cooling plants running year-round while the intake air must be heated to protect the sensitive machinery and liners from freezing during the winter season.To cool mine air,horizontal bulk-airconditioners with direct spray cooling systems are commonly used due to their high performance.Conventionally,sprayed water in bulk-air-coolers are mechanically circulated and refrigerated in coupled refrigeration plants.This set up can be transformed to a natural cooling/heating process by resurfacing the warm underground bulk-air-cooler spray water for mine air heating on the surface and re-sinking the chilled water for cooling in the underground bulk air coolers.This could significantly cut-down the fossil-fuel consumption in burners for mine air pre-conditioning and refrigeration cost when applicable.This paper presents an anonymous real-life example to study the feasibility of the proposed idea for an ultra-deep Canadian mine.
文摘lraq locates in hot arid region （30 °N-37 °N）, where the hot summer season is very long and the ambient temperature is about 50 ℃. Cooling of building needs A/C （air-conditioning） system which consumes more than 60% of the total electricity supplied to residential building. So, there is really need to minimize the energy consumption by enhancement the performance of Iraqi buildings using passive house technique. This paper presents the thermal performance ofa Passivhaus model built in Kirkuk （35 °N）. The design depends on the using of suitable materials, sufficient insulation, well airtightness and underground air cooling. The experimental measurements take in consideration several parameters like ambient temperature, solar radiation, orientation of the building and duration. The results give good indication of the benefit of using this technique of passive cooling system in Iraqi residential buildings. The indoor temperature could be reduced to 30 ℃, while, the energy consumption for cooling could be saved up to 80%.
