How to promote cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly technology:a case of agricultural biotechnology in China

This study explored the factors influencing cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly agricultural biotechnology in China.First,we constructed an evolutionary game model comprising the factors of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies.Using MATLAB simulation,we assigned different values to the aforementioned variables to explore the evolutionary trend of innovators’willingness to cooperate.Results showed that when the values of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies exceeded the threshold,innovators’willingness to cooperate was significantly enhanced.Furthermore,the proportion of innovators who cooperated with others gradually increased to 100%;otherwise,it gradually decreased to 0%.Comparing the simulation curve with the real evolution curve of cooperative innovation in agricultural biotechnology in China,we found that the gradual decline in the willingness to cooperate could be due to insufficient subsidies for cooperative innovation,low income from cooperative innovation,weak profitability of innovators,and weak market constraints.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

The Mechanism of Synergetic Innovation on Industrial Clusters

The paper summarizes domestic and overseas research results on synergetic innovation. Then it discusses the mechanism of synergetic innovation on industrial clusters according to these theoretical results. Firstly, we analyze the behavior of synergetic innovation on industrial clusters from a microeconomic point of view. Secondly, we explain component elements of synergetic innovative system. Lastly, we discuss the formative process of synergetic innovation in detail. Thus we can provide synergetic innovation of cluster companies with theoretical guidelines.

Research on the Relationship between Cooperation Innovation Expenditure and Economic Output of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between cooperation innovation expenditure and economic output of China’s pharmaceutical industry,and provide a reference for improving its economic benefits and the capability of cooperation innovation in the future.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2016 was selected as a sample.Based on the co-integration theory,an error correction model was established to conduct Granger test of causality to study the relationship between cooperation innovation expenditure and economic output of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Results and Conclusion The cooperation innovation expenditure of China’s pharmaceutical industry has a significant positive impact on economic output.If cooperation innovation expenditure increases 1%,its economic output will go up by 1.7%.At the same time,the long-term promotion effect of cooperation innovation expenditure on economic output is more significant than the short-term effect.

The Influence of Fiscal Subsidy on the Innovation Behavior of Manufacturing Enterprises Under the Background of "The Belt and Road"

Based on the“The Belt and Road”initiative,this article selects the panel data of A-share manufacturing listed companies in 2014 and 2016,and uses the difference in difference(DID)model to test the effect of fiscal subsidy policies on the innovative behavior of Chinese manufacturing companies since the“The Belt and Road”initiative was proposed.Influence,and the mediating effect of innovation cooperation between financial subsidies and innovation behavior.The empirical results show that the fiscal subsidy policy has affected the innovation behavior of manufacturing enterprises,but the results of this effect are different due to different stages of innovation behavior.In addition,in the process of enterprises carrying out innovative behaviors,innovation cooperation can promote the effective use of financial subsidies by enterprises,thereby enhancing their innovative behaviors.Finally,based on the conclusions,corresponding suggestions are put forward at the three levels of enterprise,policy and system.

Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.

The Belt and Road Broadening Industrial Cooperation Space

Gternational financial crisis of 2008 lacks momentum,while growth of international trade remains sluggish.Accelerated economic globalization and regional economic integration have wrought profound adjustments to the pattern of global trade and investment.

Keywords to Understand China

Keywords are one of the best ways to understand a country.In China,with the rapid development in different areas,the keywords keep changing.ChinAfrica presents a selection of prevailing keywords to help readers understand China better.＂China-ASEAN（10＋1）Cooperation Mechanism＂ESTABLISHED in 1997,the China-ASEAN（10＋1）Cooperation Mechanism has played an important role in promoting closer political and economic ties between China and ASEAN members.

Industrial upgrading based on global innovation chains:A case study of Huawei technologies Co.,Ltd.Shenzhen

Although China is a global trade power,it has low value-added trade,which lies at the bottom of the global value chain.Therefore,there is an urgent need to change the unfavorable position of the international division of labor in China.The global innovation chain is a new development of innovation through which China can implement open innovation and utilize the world's advanced knowledge,technology,information,and other resources to enhance its innovation capabilities,promote industrial upgrading,and improve the status of its global value chains.This paper takes Huawei as an example of international cooperation and innovation,aspects that have allowed the company to rapidly improve its position and prestige in the industry.The case study of Huawei suggests that China should introduce talent,increase investment abroad,attract foreign investment,expand intellectual property trade,develop outsourcing and international strategic research and development alliances,build a global innovation chain,and promote industrial upgrading to elevate the status of its international division of labor.

Understanding China Through Keywords

Learning keywords is one of the best ways to keep abreast of the latest developments in a country.The China Academy of Translation,