Prognostic value of ECOG performance status and Gleason score in the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer:a systematic review

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status and Gleason score are commonly investigated factors for overall survival(OS)in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).However,there is a lack of consistency regarding their prognostic or predictive value for OS.Therefore,we performed this meta-analysis to assess the associations of ECOG performance status and Gleason score with OS in CRPC patients and compare the two markers in patients under different treatment regimens or with different chemotherapy histories.A systematic literature review of monotherapy studies in CRPC patients was conducted in the PubMed database until May 2019.The data from 8247 patients in 34 studies,including clinical trials and real-world data,were included in our meta-analysis.Of these,twenty studies reported multivariate results and were included in our main analysis.CRPC patients with higher ECOG performance statuses(≥2)had a significantly increased mortality risk than those with lower ECOG performance statuses(<2),hazard ratio(HR):2.10,95%confidence interval(CI):1.68-2.62,and P<0.001.The synthesized HR of OS stratified by Gleason score was 1.01,with a 95%CI of 0.62-1.67(Gleason score≥8 vs<8).Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in pooled HRs for patients administered taxane chemotherapy(docetaxel and cabazitaxel)and androgen-targeting therapy(abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide)or for patients with different chemotherapy histories.ECOG performance status was identified as a significant prognostic factor in CRPC patients,while Gleason score showed a weak prognostic value for OS based on the available data in our meta-analysis.

“Nanospace engineering”by the growth of nano metal-organic framework on dendritic fibrous nanosilica(DFNS)and DFNS/gold hybrids

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials(nanohybrids)with unique tailored morphologies and compositions have been used for the target-oriented catalysts due to the structural or supportive properties of each moiety and the synergistic properties of the individual components.The rational design and development of nanohybrids by integrating highly porous silica into a nano metal-organic framework(NMOF)are expected to enable unique nanospace engineering in the resulting systems to optimize their utility in the target areas.Herein,we report the design and fabrication of advanced nanohybrids composed of dendritic fibrous nanosilica(DFNS)and DFNS/gold(DFNS/Au)hybrids as the core and zinc-based NMOF(Zn-NMOF)as the shell(DFNS@Zn-NMOF)through a solution-based approach.The combined fibrous morphology of DFNS and micropores of NMOF can be directly employed for nanospace engineering in the resulting multi-compositional and hierarchical systems in a controllable manner.The DFNS/Au dots@Zn-NMOF nanohybrid shows improved catalytic performance in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction,attributed mainly to the cooperative effect stemming from the suitably organized configurations of each component.