Online Capacitor Voltage Transformer Measurement Error State Evaluation Method Based on In-Phase Relationship and Abnormal Point Detection

The assessment of the measurement error status of online Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVT) within the power grid is of profound significance to the equitable trade of electric energy and the secure operation of the power grid. This paper advances an online CVT error state evaluation method, anchored in the in-phase relationship and outlier detection. Initially, this method leverages the in-phase relationship to obviate the influence of primary side fluctuations in the grid on assessment accuracy. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to meticulously disentangle the error change information inherent in the CVT from the measured values and to compute statistics that delineate the error state. Finally, the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) is deployed to discern outliers in the statistics, with thresholds serving to appraise the CVT error state. Experimental results incontrovertibly demonstrate the efficacy of this method, showcasing its prowess in effecting online tracking of CVT error changes and conducting error state assessments. The discernible enhancements in reliability, accuracy, and sensitivity are manifest, with the assessment accuracy reaching an exemplary 0.01%.

A Study on Measurement Error during Alternating Current Induced Voltage Tests on Large Transformers

The large transformer is pivotal equipment in an electric power supply system; Its partial discharge test and the induced voltage withstand test on large transformers are carried out at a frequency about twice the working frequency. If the magnetizing inductance cannot compensate for the stray capacitance, the test sample turns into a capacitive load and a capacitive rise exhibits in the testing circuit. For self-restoring insulation, a method has been recommended in IEC60-1 that an unapproved measuring system be calibrated by an approved system at a voltage not less than 50% of the rated testing voltage, and the result then be extrapolated linearly. It has been found that this method leads to great error due to the capacitive rise if it is not correctly used during a withstand voltage test under certain testing conditions, especiaUy for a test on high voltage transformers with large capacity. Since the withstand voltage test is the most important means to examine the operation reliability of a transformer, and it can be destructive to the insulation, a precise measurement must be guaranteed. In this paper a factor, named as the capacitive rise factor, is introduced to assess the rise. The voltage measurement error during the calibration is determined by the parameters of the test sample and the testing facilities, as well as the measuring point. Based on theoretical analysis in this paper, a novel method is suggested and demonstrated to estimate the error by using the capacitive rise factor and other known parame- ters of the testing circuit.

ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT FOR THE DYNAMIC ERRORS OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES

The analysis and calculating method of dynamic errors of CMMs during probing are discussed.To relate the dynamic displacement errors with the dynamic rotational errors a method for obtaining the displacement errors at the probing position from dynamic rotational errors is presented.It is pointed out that the finite element method might be used for modeling dynamic errors.However,dynamic errors are difficult to be modeled so a combined practical and theoretical approach is needed.In addition,the dynamic errors are measured with inductive position sensors.

Approximating the Spectral Abscissa for Switched Linear Systems via Coordinate Transformations

In this paper,an approach of square coordinate transformation is proposed to approximate the spectral abscissa for continuous-time switched linear systems.By applying elementary transformations iteratively,a series of minimums of least μ1 matrix set measures are obtained,which are utilized to approximate the spectral abscissa of the switched system.The approach is developed into tractable numerical algorithms that provide upper bound estimates of the spectral abscissa.Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ERROR COMPENSATION OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES WITH LOW STIFFNESS

A technique for compensating the errors of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with low stiffness is proposed. Some additional items related with the force deformation are introduced to the error compensation aquations. The research was carried on a moving colunm horizontal arm CMM. Experimental results show that both the effects of systematic components of error motions and force deformations are greatly reduced, which shows the effectiveness of proposed technique.

A METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DYNAMIC TRANSMISSION ERROR OF PRECISION HOBBING MACHINES

In the paper,a new method for the measurement of the dynamic transmission crror of preci-sion hobbing machines using only one sensor is proposed.The dynamic transmission error i ob-tained by demodulating the phase-modulated signal according to the Hilbert transform priple.The results of dynamic testing show that the new method is effective.

Error separation in CMM coordinate metrology

Form error measurement is a critical exercise in providing measures for the quality control in the precision manufacturing industry.Coordinate measuring machine （CMM） is one of the automated systems used in the accurate and precise dimensional measurements and geometrical form.This paper aims to study the effect of dynamic original unforeseeable errors at different undulations per revolution （UPR） of standard artifact measurement using selected two types of CMM touchtriggering stylus.Stylus-type and stylus-speed parameters were adopted and utilized throughout the course of experiment.The results are analyzed using fast Fourier transformation to obtain foreseeable geometrical errors due to CMM machine structure and stylus scanning speeds.The results of experiment successfully indicate that the number of UPR plays an important role in determining the CMM accuracy level of the roundness measurement result.Some specific error equations for stylus system and machine structure responses have been postulated and analysed to empirically predict the accuracy of PRISMOBridge-CMM-type at National Institute for Standards （NIS） in egypt.

ASSESSING THE DYNAMIC ERRORS OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES

The main factors affecting the dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines are analyzed. It is pointed out that there are two main contributors to the dynamic errors: One is the rotation of the elements around the joints connected with air bearings and the other is the bending of the elements caused by the dynamic inertial forces. A method for obtaining the displacement errors at the probe position from dynamic rotational errors is presented. The dynamic rotational errors are measured with inductive position sensors and a laser interferometer. The theoretical and experimental results both show that during the process of fast probing, due to the dynamic inertial forces, there are not only large rotation of the elements around the joints connected with air bearings but also large bending of the weak elements themselves.

DISTANCE MEASURING MODELING AND ERROR ANALYSIS OF DUALCCD VISION SYSTEM SIMULATING HUMAN EYES AND NECK

A dual-CCD simulating human eyes and neck (DSHEN) vision system is putforward. Its structure and principle are introduced. The DSREN vision system can perform somemovements simulating human eyes and neck by means of four rotating joints, and realize preciseobject recognizing and distance measuring in all orientations. The mathematic model of the DSHENvision system is built, and its movement equation is solved. The coordinate error and measureprecision affected by the movement parameters are analyzed by means of intersection measuringmethod. So a theoretic foundation for further research on automatic object recognizing and precisetarget tracking is provided.

Light pen whole space coordinate measuring system based on a tracking turntable

Light pen coordinate measuring system(LPCMS)is a kind of portable coordinate measuring technique based on vision metrology.In classical LPCMS,the measuring range is limited to the camera’s field of view.To overcome this defect,a new LPCMS is designed in this paper to fulfil whole space coordinate measurement.The camera is installed on a turntable instead of a tripod,so that the camera can rotate to track the movement of the light pen.The new system can be applied to large scale onsite measurement,and therefore it notably extends the application of LPCMS.To guarantee the accuracy of the new system,a method to calibrate the parameters of the tracking turntable is also proposed.Fixing the light pen at a stationary position,and changing the azimuth angles of the turntable’s two shafts,so that the camera can capture the images of the light pen from different view angles.According to the invariant spatial relationship between the camera and the pedestal of the tracking turntable,a system of nonlinear equations can be established to solve the parameters of the turntable.Experimental results show that the whole space coordinate measuring accuracy of the new system can reach 0.25 mm within 10 m.It can be concluded that the newly designed system can significantly expand the measuring range of LPCMS without losing too much accuracy.

Spherical Near-Field - Far-Field Transformation for Quasi-Planar Antennas from Irregularly Spaced Data

An effective near-field - far-field (NF - FF) transformation with spherical scanning for quasi-planar antennas from irregularly spaced data is developed in this paper. Two efficient approaches for evaluating the regularly spaced spherical samples from the nonuniformly distributed ones are proposed and numerically compared. Both the approaches rely on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, based on an oblate ellipsoidal modelling of the antenna under test. The former employs the singular value decomposition method to reconstruct the NF data at the points fixed by the nonredundant sampling representation and can be applied when the irregularly acquired samples lie on nonuniform parallels. The latter is based on an iterative technique and can be used also when such a hypothesis does not hold, but requires the existence of a biunique correspondence between the uniform and nonuniform samples, associ- ating at each uniform sampling point the nearest irregular one. Once the regularly spaced spherical samples have been recovered, the NF data needed by a probe compensated NF - FF transformation with spherical scanning are efficiently evaluated by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. It is so possible to accurately compensate known posi- tioning errors in the NF - FF transformation with spherical scanning for quasi-planar antennas. Some numerical tests assessing the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approaches are reported.

Far-Field Pattern Reconstruction from Positioning Errors Affected Near-Field Data Acquired via Helicoidal Scanning

In this paper, an effective technique to compensate the positioning errors in a near-field—far-field (NF-FF) transformation with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas is presented and validated both numerically and experimentally. It relies on a nonredundant sampling representation of the voltage measured by the probe, obtained by considering the antenna as enclosed in a cylinder ended in two half-spheres. An iterative scheme is used to reconstruct the helicoidal NF data at the points fixed by the representation from the acquired irregularly spaced ones. Once the helicoidal data have been retrieved, those needed by a classical NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning are efficiently evaluated by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. Some numerical tests, assessing the accuracy of the approach and its stability with respect to random errors affecting the data, are reported. Experimental tests performed at the Antenna Characterization Lab of the University of Salerno further confirm the validity of the proposed technique.

滚仰式光电吊舱地理导引实现与误差分析

为了提升地理导引精度和成功率,根据滚仰式光电吊舱的结构特点,通过建立坐标系统、目标坐标求解和框架角解算三个步骤,完整构建了地理导引的数学模型,并在此基础上引入了速度前馈和小区域搜索模式。同时,对受惯导测量误差和目标距离影响的框架角解算误差进行了数据仿真。结果表明:经纬误差和航向角误差对俯仰角的解算误差影响较大;而高程误差和水平姿态角误差则对横滚角的解算误差影响较大。提升惯导的定位精度,可进一步减小框架角解算误差,从而提升地理导引精度,而当航向角<0.1°,水平姿态角<0.05°时,姿态角误差的影响权重会变小,再通过减小姿态角误差提升导引精度的作用已不明显。随着目标距离的增大,框架角解算误差会急剧减小。最后进行了导引试验,其俯仰、横滚角均方差均小于0.12°,表明了算法的准确性和仿真分析的有效性。

Design, Development and Geometric Error Analysis of an Aerostatic Rotary Table

Rotary tables are equipments in precision machinery applied in five-axis Machine Tools and CMM （Coordinate Measuring Machines）, offering rotational （C-axis） and tilting motion （A-axis）, allowing the obtaining of several configurations for manufacturing or inspection of parts with complex geometries. The demand for high accuracy, high efficiency and fewer errors in the positioning of the part in precision machines increases every day, thus ensuring their high confidence and the use of aerostatic bearings enable constructive innovations to the equipment. In this context, this work presents the mechanical design, the development and error analysis of a prototype of an aerostatic rotary table. This study emphasizes the analysis of a prototype that uses the air as a working principle for reducing friction between moving parts, increasing the mechanical efficiency, and its influence of motion error is also discussed based on the experimental results. For the geometrical errors analysis, experimental tests were realized in laboratory using a DBB （Double Ballbar）. The tests are performed with only one axis moving, observing the behavior of the system for different feedrate at the C-axis.

圆结构光系统深孔圆度测量方法研究

圆结构光系统测量深孔(通孔)圆度时存在激光器、相机和深孔难以保持平行或同轴的问题,导致无法测量准确的圆截面,从而产生系统误差。搭建了基于圆结构光的测量系统,分析了系统误差的产生机理并提出了一种基于圆结构光系统测量圆度的方法,可对系统误差进行一定补偿:首先,获取待测深孔的内表面高分辨率三维点云,拟合点云轴线,通过刚体变换将三维点云变换到深孔轴线与相机光轴平行的位置;然后,选定一个测量截面,搜索该截面上的点和与该截面范围较近的点作为圆度评定点;最后,采用网格搜索算法完成圆度评定。测量实验的结果表明,该方法对于圆度误差的补偿效果良好,其中测量不确定度为4.78μm。

三坐标测量机在精密加工中的误差补偿研究

三坐标测量精度对精密加工过程的质量控制有直接影响,研究三坐标测量误差模型与补偿方法,实现高精度测量对提升精密加工质量意义重大。分析了三坐标测量机的误差来源及分类,重点研究误差建模识别与补偿核心技术,并阐述误差补偿技术在航空航天、半导体集成电路、精密模具等领域中的实际应用情况。研究表明,当前的误差补偿技术可以有效提高三坐标测量机的重复性、重现性和绝对精度,为精密加工提供高效的质量检验与动态控制保障。

考虑制造误差的摆线轮减速器转臂轴承承载分析

摆线轮减速器转臂轴承的承载性能和磨损状况与减速器的回转精度和寿命有密切关系。针对某150BX型摆线轮减速器轴承孔实际磨损状况,首先,建立转臂轴承的承载模型,明确了最大载荷及其方向的变化规律;然后,建立含制造误差的摆线轮和曲柄轴的运动模型,分析制造误差对转臂轴承运动过程中的干涉情况,获得了转臂轴承上最大干涉位置和误差选配方法。研究为摆线轮减速器转臂轴承的磨损计算和关键零部件的误差选配提供了依据。

斜入射下四光幕精度靶着靶位置测量原理误差分析

为研究飞行弹丸斜入射时着靶坐标测量原理误差的分布规律,根据四光幕精度靶几何结构,建立了斜入射下着靶坐标测量原理误差模型,研究有效探测靶面内不同着靶位置与不同入射角下原理误差分布规律;分析工程应用中发射位置确定下,不同散布半径与不同射击距离对测量原理误差的影响,给出着靶坐标测量的修正公式,并进行实弹射击试验。试验结果表明:飞行弹丸斜入射时必然存在原理误差,必须修正着靶坐标;射击距离一定时,发射枪散布半径越大,原理误差越大;散布半径确定时,原理误差随射击距离增加而减小;在发射位置确定下,采用修正公式后,四光幕精度靶测量误差小于1 mm。

三坐标测量机辅助工装检测误差补偿策略研究

随着先进制造技术的迅猛发展,对零件精度的要求也在不断提升,而误差检测的准确性是确保零件精度的重要前提。在三坐标测量机的工作过程中,运动轴的几何误差会显著影响检测结果。为提高检测精度和效率,设计了一款用于三坐标测量机的辅助工装,并通过对主要运动方向进行微调,实现对工件检测误差的精准补偿。以齿轮误差检测为例,根据检测系统的拓扑结构,可以推导出Houston较低序号物体阵列,建立含工装和齿轮的几何误差传递模型。研究结果为检测误差补偿提供了理论依据,也为其他多轴运动的误差传递模型提供了参考。

基于特征点位置约束的三维激光移动测量位姿改正方法

准确的导航定位信息是激光移动测量系统获取高精度点云的基础,但导航定位系统在短时段失效情况下会导致观测点位置信息不准确,从而无法获得准确的点云数据。为此,提出一种基于特征点位置约束的激光移动测量位姿改正方法,利用导航定位系统失效时段前后测量得到的少量特征点位置信息,构建基于不同时刻特征点配准的位姿改正模型,将导航定位系统失效时刻的观测点位置和姿态作为待估参数进行最小二乘解算,实现位姿参数恢复和点云重构。结果表明,采用基于特征点位置约束的位姿改正方法,导航定位系统短时段失效情况下的点云坐标中误差从米级改正到了分米级,对于提升组合导航系统稳定性和点云移动测量精度有重要的参考价值。