Effect of Relative Humidity on Catalytic Combustion of Toluene over Copper Based Catalysts with Different Supports

The copper based catalysts, CuO/T-Al2O3, CuO/y-Al2O3-cordierite （Cord） and CuO/Cord, were prepared by impregnation method. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in absence and presence of water vapor,and the catalysts were characterized. Temperature program desorption （TPD） experiments or toluene and water on the catalysts were carried out. The influence of water vapor on the activity of the catalysts was discussed. Results showed that addition of the water vapor has a significant negative effect on the catalytic activity of the catalysts.The higher the concentration of the Water vapor in feed steam was, the lower the catalytic activity of the copper based catalysts became, which could be mainly ascribed to the competition of water molecules with toluene molecules for adsorption on the catalyst surfaces. TPD experiments showed that the strength of the interaction between water molecules and three catalysts followed the order： CuO/γ-Al2O3〉CuO/γ-Al2O3-Cord〉CuO/Cord. As a consequence of that, the degree of degradation in the catalytic activity of these three catalysts by the water vapor followed the order： CuO/γ-Al2O3〉CuO/y-Al2O3-Cord〉CuO/Cord. However, the negative effect of the water vapor was reversible.

Kinetic studies of methanol synthesis from CO_2+H_2 over copper based catalysts

The catalytic activity for the synthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen was measured on various binary and ternary catalysts containing copper oxide under a pressure of 10 atm. Among these samples the catalysts, CuO/ZnO/γ-Al_2O_3, demonstrated the highest activity and selectivity to methanol; MnO, as third component, had no promotional effect on the activity of meth- anol formation. Based on a simple power rate law the apparent activation energy estimation and par- tial pressure dependence measurement were accomplished over eight catalysts. The activation energies varied from 40 to 120 kJ / mol depending on the composition of catalysts. The rates of methanol for- mation to be 0.3 -- 0.9 order in H_2 and about 0.1 -- 0.2 order in CO_2 were reported.

Effect of additives on anode passivation in direct electrolysis process of copper–nickel based alloy scraps

Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.Results obtained from chronopotentiometry and linear voltammetry curves showed that the Ni component made electrochemical stability of the anode strong and difficult to be corroded,caused by the adsorption of generated Cu2O,NiO or copper powder to the anode surface.The Ni2+reducing Cu2+to Cu+or copper powder aggravated the anode passivation.In a certain range of the glue concentration≤8×10–6 or thiourea concentration≤4×10–6,the increase of glue or thiourea concentration increases the anode passivation time.Over this range,glue and thiourea played an adverse effect.The increase of chloride ions concentration led to the increase in passivation time.

Effect of Fe content on the friction and abrasion properties of copper base overlay on steel substrate by TIG welding

Copper base alloy was overlaid onto 35CrMnSiA steel plate by tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding method. The heat transfer process was simulated, the microstructures of the copper base overlay were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）, and the friction and abrasion properties of the overlay were measured. The results show that the Fe content increases in the overlay with increasing the welding current. And with the increase of Fe content in the overlay, the friction coefficient increases and the wear mechanism changes from oxidation wear to abrasive wear and plough wear, which is related to the size and quantity of Fe grains in the overlay. While with the increase of Fe content in the overlay, the protection of oxidation layer against the oxidation wear on the melted metal decreases.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Bis(chlorido)-bridged One-dimensional Chain-like Copper(Ⅱ) Polymer

A copper（Ⅱ） complex [LCu2Cl4]n was synthesized by a new bis-Schiff base ligand containing quinoline unit, 1,4-bis[2-（4-fluorophenyl）iminomethyl-8-quinolinoxy]butane（L）. X-ray crystal structure shows that it is a binuclear complex, and the crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 9.387（2）, b = 9.968（2）, c = 10.291（2） ？, α = 87.532（3）, β = 63.762（2）, γ = 86.628（3）o, V = 862.1（3） ？^3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.640 Mg/m^3, F（000） = 428, R = 0.0416 and wR = 0.1141. Each Cu（Ⅱ） metal ion coordinates with a quinoline N atom, an imine N atom, an ether oxygen atom and three chlorides, forming a distorted six-coordinated octahedronal structure. Each copper（Ⅱ） complexation unit links with one of the adjacent ligand copper complexation units through the chlorido bridging groups, thus generating an infinite one-dimensional chain structure. Such 1D chains further construct a 2D network structure by π-π stacking interactions.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New 2D O-bridged Copper(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Constructed from Sulfonate-derived Schiff Base

A new chain-like coordination polymer, namely, [CuL]n （1, Na2L = 2-[（2-hydroxy- benzylidene）-amino]-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt）, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 9.2296（16）, b = 10.4754（18）, c = 12.200（2） A, β = 102.392（2）°, V = 1152.0（3）A3, CI3H9CuNOaN, Mr = 338.83, Dc = 1.953 g/cm3, Z = 4, F（000） = 684, p = 2.089 mm-1, the final R = 0.0376 and wR = 0.0956. X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that 1 displays a square-pyramidal metal center with NO4 donor sets. The sulfonate-derived Schiff base serves as a common N,O,O＇-tridentate and a unique O-bridged ligand connecting the metals. Dinuclear copper complexes serve as secondary building blocks （SBUs） to construct an unusual 2D coordination network. In the crystal, the components form a stable 3D supramolecular architecture by C-H...O interactions and to-stacking

Model Calculation of ln γ_i^0 for Solute Elements in Copper-base Alloy Systems

A calculation formula of ln γ i 0 for solute element i in liquid alloys was derived by use of free volume theory and Miedema formation enthalpy model. The values of ln γ i 0 of solute elements in liquid copper at 1273 K were obtained. The results obtained show that the coincidence rate of sign (positive or negative) was 90% for the calculated and experimental values, which were basically in the same magnitude.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Copper Complex with Furaldehyde Salicylylhydrazone

The copper complex Cu（C12H9N2O3）2 has been synthesized by the reaction of furaldehyde salicylylhydrazone （Hfs） and copper acetylacetonate and characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction and spectroscopic studies. The crystal crystallizes in space group P211n with a = 5.9765（3）, b = 15.7196（9）, c = 12.0514（6）A,β= 101.618（3）^o, V = 1109.0（1）A^3, C24H18CuN4O6, Mr = 521.96, Z = 2, Dc = 1.563 g/cm^3, μ = 1.035 mm^-1, F（000） = 534, R = 0.0373 and wR = 0.1058 for 2283 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The copper atom has a square-planar CuN2O2 coordination and should be in an octahedral coordination if considering Cu-O （phenol） with distances of 2.796（2）A as weak bonds. The neighboring copper complex molecules are linked together by these weak Cu-O （phenol） bonds, resulting in an extended 1D chain. The title compound exhibits paramagnetic property and fluorescence behavior at room temperature supported by the EPR and fluorescence spectra.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Bidentate Schiff Bases

Two new Cu（Ⅱ） complexes have been synthesized with two different bidentate N2O2 donor Schiffbase ligands HL1 （2-（（E）-（4-chlorophenylimino）methyl）-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol） and HL2 （2-（（E）-（2-chlorophenylimino）methyl）-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol）, respectively. Both complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Structural studies reveal that in both complexes the metal centers are four-coordinated with N202 donor set of Schiff base ligands. Complex 1 belongs to the tetragonal system, space group P4（3）2（1）2 with a = 10.2379（2）, b = 10.2379（2）, c = 24.9623（90） A, V = 2616.41（12） A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.908 g/cm^3,μ（MoKa） = 4.3327 mm^-1, F（000） = 1468, S = 0.999, the final R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.0835 for 3506 unique reflections （Rint= 0.0428） with 3249 observed ones （I 〉 2σ（I））. Complex 2 is of monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.064（3）, b = 9.437（2）, c = 13.277（4） A, fl = 108.997（3）°, V = 1310.8（6） A^3, Z = 2, Dc= 1.904 g/cm^3,μ（MoKa） = 4.319 mm^-1, F（000） = 734, S = 0.997, the final R = 0.0282 and wR = 0.0619 for 3491 unique reflections （Rint = 0.0428） with 2777 observed ones （I 〉 20（I））. The units of the complex are linked via weak interactions, such as C-H…Br hydrogen bonds together with Cl…C1 and Cu…Cl interactions, leading to the formation of one-dimensional chain and two-dimensional network and stabilizing the crystal structure.

Synthesis and Characterization of Dipeptide Schiff Base Complexes of Copper(Ⅱ), Zinc(Ⅱ), Nickel(Ⅱ) and Cobalt(Ⅱ)

A new Schiff base (LK) obtained from 2, 4, -dihydroxybenzaldehyde and glycly-DL- phenylalanine reacted with Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) to yield new complexes. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, 1H NMR DTA, TG, IR and UV spectroscopy. In these complexes the ligand is coordinated to the metal through its phenolic oxygen, carboxyl oxygen, imino nitrogen and amide nitrogen. All complexes are non-electrolytes and four coordinated with 1:1(metal; ligand) stoichiometry. The probable structure of the complexes is suggested

Shenyang to Build The First 100-Billion-Yuan Copper Industry Base In Northeast China

The 6 micron copper foil is widely recognized by the industry as high-standard ultra-thin copper foil.Shenyang Lianli is currently the only company in Northeast China that owns this technology.Meanwhile,the new material of 6N high-purity copper(copper content99.9999%)has also been

A 10 Billion-grade Base Built by the World's Largest Copper Processing Company in Jiangjin District

On May 15,the Southwestern Copper Production Base invested by Zhejiang Hailiang Co.,Ltd.,the world’s largest copper processing company,started construction in Luohuang Industrial Park,Jiangjin District.With a total investment of 3 billion yuan,the annual output value at maximum production capacity

Transformation of Ethanol to Ethyl Acetate over Cu/SiO2 Catalysts Modified by ZrO2

Direct transformation of ethanol to ethyl acetate was investigated on a series of Cu（ZrO2）/SiO2 catalysts. Inductively coupled plasma（ICP）, surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, H2-temperature programmed reduc- tion（H2-TPR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, NH3-temperature programmed desorption（NH3-TPD） and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） techniques were used to characterize the catalysts. The results reveal that ZrO2 can improve the dispersion of copper species and increase the acidity of the Cu（ZrO2）/SiO2 catalysts. The Cu0 is responsible for ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde, and both the Lewis acid and Bronsted acid sites were in favor of the selectivity to ethyl acetate. The synergistic effect of Cu0 and an appropriate amount of acidic sites played an important role in the production of ethyl acetate.