Water model experiments of multiphase mixing in the top-blown smelting process of copper concentrate

We constructed a 1：10 cold water experimental model by geometrically scaling down an Isa smelting furnace. The mixing processes at different liquid heights, lance diameters, lance submersion depths, and gas flow rates were subsequently measured using the conductivity method. A new criterion was proposed to determine the mixing time. On this basis, the quasi-equations of the mixing time as a function of different parameters were established. The parameters of the top-blown smelting process were optimized using high-speed photography. An excessively high gas flow rate or excessively low liquid height would enhance the fluctuation and splashing of liquid in the bath, which is unfavorable for material mixing. Simultaneously increasing the lance diameter and the lance submersion depth would promote the mixing in the bath, thereby improving the smelting efficiency.

Modeling and Optimization of Copper Flash Smelting Process Based on Neural Network

The copper flash smelting process neural network model(CFSPNNM)was developed,its input layer includes eight nodes:oxygen grade(OG),oxygen volume per ton of concentrate(OVPTC),flux rate(FR)and quantifies of Cu,S,Fe,SiO_2 and MgO in copper concentrate;output layer includes three nodes:matte grade,matte temperature and Fe/SiO_2 in slag,and net structure was 8-13-10-3.Then,the internal relationship between the technological parameters and the objective parameters was built after the CFSPNNM was trained by us...

Moisture effect on the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle in a flash smelting furnace

A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.

Flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter

Peirce-Smith copper converting involves complex multiphase flow and mixing.In this work,the flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter were investigated in a 1:5 scaled cold model.Flow field distribution,including dead,splashing,and strong-loop zones,were measured,and a dimensionless equation was established to determine the correlation of the effects of stirring and mixing energy with an error of<5%.Four positions in the bath,namely,injection,splashing,strong-loop,and dead zones,were selected to add a hollow salt powder tracer and measure the mixing time.Injecting a quartz flux through tuyeres or into the backflow point of the splashing wave through a chute was recommended instead of adding it through a crane hopper from the top of the furnace to improve the slag-making reaction.

铜冶炼过程中的砷反应行为及其处理技术的回顾

砷作为五大有毒元素之一,其对生物体和生态环境的健康威胁已引起公众的广泛关注。有色金属冶炼,特别是铜冶炼,是砷的重要人为来源,应被列为重点关注对象。因此,明确砷在铜冶炼过程中的行为,对铜冶炼企业的正常生产和环境保护具有重要意义。本工作简要介绍了冶炼用工业铜矿物和铜矿中砷的赋存形式,以及铜冶炼工艺的演变。此外,还分析了砷在有代表性的铜冶炼过程中的挥发、转化和分布行为,明确了其流向和富集规律。研究了其他矿物成分(Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Ca、Si)与砷在冶炼副产品(铜渣和烟尘)形成过程中的相互作用,阐明了砷污染物的形成机制。最后,分析了冶炼烟气、烟尘和铜渣中砷的控制技术,提出了未来通过将砷污染物转化为金属砷来回收砷的可能策略。

4 Billion Yuan Copper Smelting Project Landed in Qiqihar, with 100,000 Tonnes Annual Output of Copper Cathode After Reaching Designed Capacity

In the morning of August 20,Heilongjiang Zijin Copper Project formally signed agreement at Fularji District in Qiqihar City.This also signals that the copper smelting project with a total investment of 4 billion yuan,a project under planning since 2011,has formally landed in Qiqihar City.

关中盆地灞河流域老牛坡遗址商代铜冶炼重金属污染研究

Heavy metal pollution is hazardous for the environment and human health.However,there are few studies of heavy metal pollution caused by historic metallurgical activity.The Laoniupo site in the Bahe River valley,Guanzhong Basin,China,was an important settlement of the Shang Culture(1600-1046 BCE).We studied two stratigraphic profiles at the Laoniupo site,which were used for measurements of magnetic susceptibility,heavy metal concentrations,and AMS 14C ages to provide evidence of copper smelting activity at the site during the Shang Dynasty.The Nemerow Pollution Index and Geoaccumulation Index were calculated to assess the heavy metals record(Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cr,and As)in the topsoil on the loess tableland.According to the Single Pollution Index,the topsoil was slightly polluted by As and unpolluted by Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb and Cr;according to the Nemerow Composite Pollution Index the topsoil was mildly polluted;and according to the Geoaccumulation Index,the topsoil was moderately polluted by As,slightly polluted by Cu,and unpolluted by Zn,Ni,Pb and Cr_The main cause of the heavy metal pollution in the topsoil is the presence of copper slag in the cultural layers that was disturbed by modern farming activity.