Interphase migration and enrichment of lead and zinc during copper slag depletion

An interphase migration and enrichment model of lead and zinc during molten copper slag depletion was established.The occurrence of various components in copper slag was predicted using sulfur-oxygen potential calculations and confirmed through high-temperature experiments.The recovery rate of copper can reach 90.13%under the optimal conditions of 1200°C,an iron to silicon mass ratio of 1.0,3 wt.%ferrous sulfide,and a duration of 45 min.Lead(54.07 wt.%)and zinc(17.42 wt.%)are found in the flue dust as lead sulfate,lead sulfide,and zinc oxide,while copper matte contains lead(14.44 wt.%)and zinc sulfide(1.29 wt.%).The remaining lead and zinc are encapsulated as oxides within the fayalite phase.

METALLOGENIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEXING COPPER-GOLD-LEAD-ZINC POLYMETALLIC DEPOSITS, JIANGXI PROVINCE, CHINA

The paper discusses the tectonic setting of the fortnation of the Dexing giant copper-gold-lead-zinc deposit and its geological features and demonstrates in detail the polygenetic compound mechanism of its formation.

COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.

Assessing the Metal Recovery Value of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues: Impact of Pretreatment on Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

This paper focuses on evaluating the metal recovery potential of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) residues, with particular emphasis on the influence of pretreatment methods on MSWI fly ash and bottom ash. We assess the effectiveness of these pretreatments in enhancing the concentration of valuable metals and compare the metal content before and after treatment. Our findings reveal that water washing significantly enhances fly ash’s zinc and copper content, surpassing the minimum industrial-grade requirements. Mechanical sieving is an efficient pretreatment method for bottom ash, with the zinc concentration inversely related to particle size. Additionally, copper content peaks in the 1 - 2 mm particle size range for both bottom ash samples. These results provide valuable insights into the potential for metal recovery from MSWI residues. They hold significance for relevant research, engineering practices, and policy formulation.

Structural changes and volatility correlation in nonferrous metal market

The GARCH and DCC-GARCH models are used to study the volatility aggregation and dynamic relevance of China’s three kinds of nonferrous metals （copper, aluminum and zinc） pricesincorporating structural changes. The results show that copper, aluminum and zinc returns have many structure breaks points, and nonferrous metals have the greatvolatilityrisk during financial crisis. From the resultsof GARCH with and without structural changes,it isfoundthat the volatility clustering of single nonferrous metal is overvalued when ignoring the structural mutation, and the return of aluminum isthe most overvalued, indicating that aluminum market is more susceptible to external shock.Furthermore,it is also foundthatdynamic volatility correlation exists in the three prices of nonferrous metals, and the structural changes have no significant effect on the volatility correlation of thethree nonferrous metals.

Optimization of wear parameters of binary Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu alloys using design of experiments

Zinc-aluminum alloys have been used as bearing materials in the past. In recent years, binary Al-Zn alloys and Al-Zn-Cu alloys are being used as an alternative to the Zn-Al alloys for bearing applications. In this study, both binary Al-25 Zn and Al-3 Cu were prepared using stir casting process. Homogenization of the as-cast alloys was performed at 350oC for 8 h and then, the alloys were furnace-cooled to 50oC. The homogenization led to the removal of the dendritic structure of the as-cast alloys. After homogenization, wear parameters optimization was carried out using Taguchi technique. For this purpose, L9 orthogonal array was selected, and the control parameters selected are load, velocity, and sliding distance. The optimum parametric condition was obtained using signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio analysis, and specific wear rate(SWR) is the selected response. The "smaller-the-better" is the goal of the experiment for S/N ratio analysis. After the optimization, confirmation tests were carried out using analysis of variance(ANOVA) from the developed regression equation. Finally, wear mechanism studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) images.

Seminal concentrations of trace elements in various animalsand their correlations

Aim: To determine the seminal concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead and nickel in bulls, rams, boars, stallions and foxes and study their correlations. Methods: Semen samples were obtained, digested and analyzed by means of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed statistically with the Student's t-test and Scheffe's test using PC programs SAS and Excel. Results: The seminal copper concentration was significantly higher in ram [(2.49±0.18) mg/kg] and fox [(2.16±0.53) mg/kg] than that in bull [(1.64±0.21) mg/kg], boar [(1.64±0.28) mg/kg] and stallion (0.86 mg/kg). In boar a significantly higher seminal zinc concentration (171.74±65.72) mg/kg] was found in comparison with stallion [(86.20±45.88) mg/kg], bull [(83.15±61.61) mg/kg], ram [( 60.46±35.37) mg/kg] and fox (13.09±5.22) mg/kg]. The iron concentration in semen was significantly higher in ram [(40.32±10.81) mg/kg), bull [(38.04±22.07) mg/kg] and fox [(33.16±24.36) mg/kg] than that in boar [(16.14±10.35) mg/kg] and stallion (12.68 mg/kg). The seminal cadmium concentration was relatively low [(0.05-0.12) mg/kg] in all studied species. The seminal lead concentration was the highest in ram [(0.35±0.68) mg/kg], which was much higher than in fox [(0.08±0.06) mg/kg], bull [(0.06±0.04) mg/kg], stallion [(0.05±0.05) mg/kg] and boar [0.02±0.03) mg/kg]. The level of seminal nickel was significantly higher in fox [(0.35±0.24) mg/kg] and ram [(0.31±0.19) mg/ kg] in comparison with bull [(0.12±0.07) mg/kg] and boar [(0.06±0.08) mg/kg]. The concentration of nickel in the semen of stallion was (0.20±0.24) mg/kg. There was a high positive correlation between seminal iron and zinc in bull (r=0.723) and stallion (r=0.723), between cadmium and lead in ram (r=0.976) and boar (r=0.973) and between iron and cadmium (r=0.783) and iron and lead (r=0.791) in boar. A high negative correlation between seminal nickel and copper in ram (r=-0.709) and between seminal copper and lead in fox (r=-0.854) was found. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the concentrations of seminal elements in different animals. There is a high concentration of seminal copper in ram and fox, a high zinc level in boar, a high iron level in bull, ram and fox and a high nickel level in ram and fox.

Improved strength and ductility of high alloy containing Al–12Zn–3Mg–2.5Cu alloy by combining non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling

Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy was prepared using a liquid metallurgy route under the optimized conditions. A sample cut from the ingot was rolled non-isothermally from 400℃ to 100℃ in 100℃ steps, with 15% reduction in thickness; it was then cold rolled isothermally at room temperature for 85% reduction. The cold-rolled alloys were characterized by electron microscopy, hardness test, and tensile test to elucidate their structural evolution and evaluate their mechanical behavior. In the results, the cast alloy consists of a-aluminum and various intermetallic compounds. These compounds are segregated along the grain boundaries, which makes the alloy difficult to roll at room tem- perature. The combined effect of non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling results in the nano/microsized compounds distributed uniformly in the matrix. The hardness is substantially increased after rolling. This increase in hardness is attributed to the ultra-fine grain size, fine-scale intermetallic compounds, and structural defects （e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and sub-grains）. The ultimate tensile strength of the rolled alloy is approximately 628 MPa with 7% ductility.

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定铜铅锌多金属矿中的碳、硫

铜铅锌多金属矿中的碳、硫元素对矿产开采、钢铁冶炼及环境保护等方面有着重要的影响,对碳、硫的准确、快速定量检测至关重要,但未见有对铜铅锌多金属矿中的碳、硫同时测定的研究。将铜铅锌多金属矿中碳、硫含量科学分为C1、C2、S1、S2四段,并分别对样品称样量、助熔剂加入比例及种类等因素进行探究,建立了高频燃烧红外吸收法测定铜铅锌多金属矿中的碳、硫的方法,并通过标准物质验证了方法的准确度、精密度与再现性。结果表明,C1、C2、S1、S2称样量分别为0.200 0、0.100 0、0.100 0、0.100 0 g,助熔剂组合方式为Fe+W=(0.6000+0.6000)、(0.6000+0.6000)、(0.9000+0.6000)、(0.6000+0.600 0) g为最佳实验条件。C1、C2、S1、S2曲线的相关系数分别为0.999 4、0.995 9、0.999 9、0.998 9,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为1.3%、1.5%、1.3%、1.3%,使用3种不同型号的红外碳硫仪进行对比实验,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.56%~6.5%。结果均显示,方法准确、可靠,满足铜铅锌多金属矿中碳、硫的同时、准确快速定量检测的要求。

青海某铜铅锌多金属矿选矿工艺研究

针对青海某铜铅锌多金属矿,进行了不同类型捕收剂对铜铅锌浮选分离影响的试验,重点考察了新型捕收剂4037B、P5100C、QBSC的选别效果。结果表明:P5100C和QBSC更有利于铜、铅分离,在最佳条件下,采用铜快速浮选—铜铅混选—铜铅再磨分离—锌浮选流程,获得铜品位35.56%、铜回收率75.23%的铜精矿;铅品位45.02%、铅回收率71.92%的铅精矿;锌品位41.49%、锌回收率72.58%的锌精矿;含铜20.14%、含铅8.90%、含锌28.38%,铜回收率11.93%、铅回收率6.77%、锌回收率11.81%的混合精矿。全流程铜总回收率97.94%,铅总回收率96.62%,锌总回收率92.64%。

Effects of heavy metal ions on larval Penaeus chinensis and comparative study on their elimination methods

In order to establish a new method to eliminate toxicities of heavy metal ions to larval penaeid shrimp, the effects of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium ions on larval metamorphosis of Penaeus chinensis at each stage were determined in detail, and two methods eliminating toxicities were compared. The results indicate that sensitivity of larvae to heavy metal ions decreases in the order of nauplii, protozoea, mysis and postlarvae. The phytoplankton food can reduce, by chetating, the toxicities of heavy metal ions. Both EDTA chelation and PHMA absorption can be used to eliminate the toxicities effectively and there is no significant difference between the two methods. EDTA is harmful to larval P. chinensis at high concentration but affects neither survival nor metamorphosis at below 10 mg/dm3. It is preliminarily observed that copper and zinc ions at low concentration are beneficial to the development of larvae after protozoea stage. It is suggested that it is unnecessary to e-liminate the effects of heavy metal ions in the culture of penaeid shrimp, under normal conditions after protozoea stage.

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Concentration and Antioxidant Activity in Barley Grain Cultivars and Their Malts from Iran

Global industrialization could be considered as a major cause of environmental contamination with heavy metals. Barley and malt, vastly used in the food industries, are of no exception. Therefore, we aimed to measure the levels of trace elements Zinc, Copper and heavy metals Lead and Cadmium by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in 19 barley grain cultivars and their malts in Iran. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was also used for determination of antioxidant activity of the samples. The mean levels of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were measured to be 18.813 ± 8.575, 0.212 ± 0.116, 0.278 ± 0.163, 3.746 ± 1.118 mg/100g in the barley samples and 14.364 ± 6.391, 0.153 ± 0.098, 0.179 ± 0.082 and 3.033 ± 1.392 mg/100g in the malt samples, respectively. The highest concentration of Zn was measured in the Bahman cultivar of barley and Mb-82-4 sample of malt while the Sahra cultivar of barley and Valfajr sample of malt had the lowest concentration of Pb and the Nimrooz cultivar of barley and Rihane-03 sample of malt had the lowest concentration Cu. The mean levels of zinc and lead in the evaluated samples of barley and the mean levels of zinc, lead and cadmium in the samples of malt were significantly lower than standard limits. Although not significant, the mean levels of cadmium in barley samples and copper in malt samples were higher than the standard limits, but the mean level of copper was found to be significantly higher than the standard limits in the samples of barley (p = 0.008). Antioxidant acitivity was found to be highest in the Mb-82-12 sample of malt and Nik cultivar of barley. The average antioxidant activity was found to be significantly higher in the malt compared to barley grain;1.584 ± 0.596 mg/kg vs. 0.633 ± 0.221 mg/kg (p < 0.001). The mean level of copper in barley samples was significantly higher than the standard limit that needs further investigations to be controlled.

含碳Cu-Zn-Al乙炔选择性加氢催化剂制备及性能

采用共沉淀法制备不同Cu/Zn摩尔比铜-锌-铝水滑石前体,焙烧后经过乙炔预处理和H_(2)还原得到Cu_(m)Zn_(3-m)Al-LDO(T140-R150)催化剂(m取值为1、1.5、2、3)。对上述含碳铜-锌-铝催化剂进行N_(2)物理吸附、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜表征,研究其在大量乙烯存在时乙炔选择性加氢反应中的催化性能。结果表明:在铜-铝水滑石中引入锌,可提高前体中铜的分散度,有利于碳化铜(Cu_(x)C)加氢活性相的生成,提高乙炔选择性加氢反应的性能。催化剂最佳制备条件为:Cu/Zn摩尔比1,乙炔处理温度140℃,乙炔处理时间2 h,氢气还原温度150℃,氢气还原时间3 h。在温度100℃和压力0.1 MPa条件下,Cu_(1.5)Zn_(1.5)Al-LDO(T140-R150)催化乙炔选择性加氢反应的乙炔转化率达100%,乙烯选择性为53.9%,C4选择性为15.5%,乙烷选择性为30.6%。

铝基板阳极氧化封孔工艺对覆铜板性能的影响

[目的]探究铝基板阳极氧化封孔工艺对覆铜板性能的影响。[方法]先采用草酸对7075铝合金阳极氧化,再在真空条件下采用Al_(2)O_(3)溶胶或/和ZnO溶胶进行封孔处理,并在300℃下加热固化。研究了两种溶胶单独封孔或组合封孔及封孔次数对阳极氧化膜导热系数与耐电压强度的影响。此外,还采用封孔样品为基板,分别通过溅射镀铜与热压合工艺制备铝基覆铜板。[结果]采用Al_(2)O_(3)溶胶和ZnO溶胶交替封孔4次可将阳极氧化膜的耐电压强度提升2.90倍左右,但会使其导热性略微变差。通过溅射镀铜所得覆铜板的剥离强度高达1.15N/mm,并且耐热性良好。[结论]对铝基板进行阳极氧化封孔能够显著改善覆铜板的性能。

西昆仑晚古生代盆地演化与成矿作用

在西昆仑北部地区,由于古特提斯洋汇聚作用,导致形成弧后伸展构造带以及一系列晚古生代沉积盆地。本文着重综述以下几个问题:1)位于塔里木地块南缘上的塔木-卡兰古盆地带,由于坳陷作用连续沉积了中泥盆统-上二叠统地层,其构造位置相当于远域大陆弧后环境盆地;位于西昆仑地块北缘的奥依塔格-库尔良弧后盆地带,由于裂陷作用断续地沉积了中泥盆统-上二叠统地层,其构造位置相当于弧后盆地。虽然这两个盆地带之间被铁克里克断隆带所分隔,但它们的演化过程具有同时性。2)盆地中主要有两期岩浆岩活动,一是与盆地扩张期同生的“双峰式”岩浆岩(339~291 Ma),二是与盆地闭合有关的中酸性岩浆岩(265~206 Ma);3)在盆地演化过程中,中泥盆世-早二叠世是盆地扩张期,在局部坳陷的封闭盆地和缺氧环境下形成同生沉积矿床,主要包括海相砂岩型铜矿床、喷流沉积型铅锌矿床、沉积锰矿床以及VMS型铜矿床;中二叠世-早三叠世是盆地闭合期,由于盆-山转换作用导致沉积基底褶皱和岩浆活动,并形成了构造-热液和岩浆热液成矿作用。总之,晚古生代区域伸展构造环境受制于古特提斯汇聚作用,在这些盆地扩张到闭合的演化过程中,形成沉积型矿床、岩浆热液型矿床和构造-热液型矿床。

某低品位铅锌铜多金属硫化矿富集与分离试验研究

云南某低品位铅锌铜多金属硫化矿铅品位0.61%、锌品位3.28%、铜品位0.25%,伴生Au、Ag品位分别为0.09、18.04 g/t。矿石嵌布粒度较细,共生关系复杂。为高效开发利用该低品位矿石,进行了系统的浮选试验。结果表明:矿石采用铜铅混合浮选—铜铅分离—锌浮选工艺处理,获得了铜品位21.97%、铜回收率80.85%、金品位1.60 g/t、银品位189.00 g/t、铅品位1.80%的铜精矿,铅品位76.22%、铅回收率88.72%、金品位0.75 g/t、银品位1433.00 g/t、铜品位1.87%的铅精矿,锌品位52.18%、锌回收率93.03%的锌精矿,主要有价成分铅、锌、铜的分离与富集效果较好,金、银一定程度富集在铜精矿、铅精矿中;铜精矿锌含量偏高与黄铜矿、闪锌矿间的嵌布关系异常密切有关;原矿Au、Ag品位低,且在矿石中分散程度高是造成金银综合回收指标偏低的原因。

铜、锌和铅对大型溞的联合毒性效应

以大型溞为试验对象,探究了铜、锌、铅三种重金属单一作用和两两联合作用对大型溞的毒性效应。结果表明:在铜、锌、铅单独作用下,大型溞的96 h半致死质量浓度分别是0.0576、0.3459和13.8100 mg/L;大型溞的安全质量浓度分别是0.0006、0.0035和0.1381 mg/L。这三种重金属作用于大型溞的毒性大小为:铜>锌>铅。通过非线性联合评价方法,分别测定出三种重金属两两联合(Cu+Zn、Cu+Pb、Zn+Pb)作用下大型溞48 h实际致死率均高于理论致死率,表明这三种重金属两两联合对大型溞的毒性效应表现为协同作用。

江西德兴银山铜铅锌多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究

针对银山铜铅锌多金属矿床进行氢、氧、硫、铅同位素研究,以判定其成矿物质的来源。研究结果表明:δD值为-78.9‰~-28.5‰,平均值为-56.5‰;δ18OV-SMOW值为12.10‰~18.70‰,平均值为16.06‰;δ^(18)O_(H_(2)O)值为0.18‰~11.26‰,平均值为8.24‰;反映了成矿流体是岩浆水和大气降水的混合。δ34S值为-1.04‰~2.71‰,平均值为1.35‰,与矿区赋矿地层张村岩组的硫同位素明显不同,暗示了成矿物质不是直接来自地层,但呈现出明显的幔源硫(-3‰~3‰)特征,与矿区火山-次火山活动有紧密联系。铅同位素206Pb/204Pb=17.890 0~18.319 0,207Pb/204Pb=15.528 0~15.602 5,208Pb/204Pb=38.025 2~38.445 0,表明铅来源为壳幔混源,矿石与岩浆岩具有亲缘性。

云南某多金属矿铜铅混合浮选工艺试验研究

为提高云南某铜铅锌多金属矿的选矿指标,降低选矿药剂成本,提升经济效益,在矿石性质研究的基础上,进行了铜铅混合浮选工艺试验研究。试验结果表明:在捕收剂丁基黄药+Z-200用量为(50+30)g/t,锌抑制剂硫酸锌+亚硫酸钠用量为(600+300)g/t,起泡剂BK204用量为30 g/t,一段磨矿细度为-0.074 mm80%,粗精矿再磨细度为-0.032 mm90%的条件下,经1粗2扫、1粗精再磨2精的铜铅混合浮选流程,可获得铜品位12.06%、铅品位18.85%、锌品位6.14%、铜回收率87.98%、铅回收率85.33%、锌回收率4.22%的铜铅混合精矿。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定岩石样品中铜、铅、锌的研究

主要研究火焰原子吸收光谱法测定岩石样品中的铜、铅、锌。采用石墨消解仪和HF-HCl-HNO3-HClO4酸系消解样品的前处理方法效果相对较好,酸性介质可用盐酸或硝酸溶液,浓度宜为2%~5%。通过实验得出:铜、铅、锌的检出限分别为0.012μg/mL、0.057μg/mL、0.009μg/mL,测定下限分别为0.048μg/mL、0.228μg/mL、0.036μg/mL,方法RSD值(精密度)1.0%~3.6%,加标回收率97.29%~101.0%,符合岩石矿物分析规范的要求。火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、铅、锌具有操作简便、实验用时短、干扰少及较好的准确度和精密度的特点。