Ultra fast microwave-assisted leaching for the recovery of copper and tellurium from copper anode slime

The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology（RSM）. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ± 0.16% and 98.68% ± 0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.

Agglomeration and leaching behaviors of copper oxides with different chemical binders

The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency.In this study,we in-vestigated the effect of the type of binder and mass fraction of the H_(2)SO_(4)solution used on the curing,soaking,and leaching behavior of ag-glomerations.The results revealed that Portland cement(3CaO·SiO_(2),2CaO·SiO_(2),and 3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))was the optimal binder for obtaining a well-shaped,stable agglomeration structure.A higher extraction rate was achieved when using Portland cement than that obtained using sodi-um silicate,gypsum,or acid-proof cement.An excessive geometric mean size is not conducive to obtaining well-shaped agglomerations and desirable porosity.Using computed tomography(CT)and MATLAB,the porosity of two-dimensional CT images in sample concentrations L1-L3 was observed to increase at least 4.5vol%after acid leaching.Ore agglomerations began to be heavily destroyed and even to disinteg-rate when the sulfuric acid solution concentration was higher than 30 g/L,which was caused by the excessive accumulation of reaction products and residuals.

Interaction of copper with fatty acids in Soxhlet extraction and its influence

Treatment with metallic copper for the removal of elemental sulfur from bitumen extracted from sedimentary rocks or petroleum is the most widely used method. Little attention has been paid, however, to its disadvantages. It was observed that copper can interact with some polar organic substances during conventional sulfur removal, which can strongly influence the quantitative and qualitative determination of bitumen, as has been confirmed by interaction of long-chain fatty acids with copper. The copper soap generated was analyzed by element analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermal analysis (TG-DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanism of the interaction was investigated and elucidated. Our experimental results would necessitate improvement of the present method for sulfur removal and/or a search for a new one.

Research on Copper Removal from Composite Wires of Copper-Stainless Steel Fibers

A method of copper removal from composite wires of copper stainless steel fibers by means of sulfuric acid solution with hydrogen dioxide is described. After removing copper, the stainless steel fibers remain smooth and uniform, keep high strength and are arranged in order. The copper sulfate with 5 H 2O (CuSO 4 5H 2O) can be crystallized directly from the reaction solution.

Copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with elemental sulfur and arylboronic acid to produce sulfenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

In this work, an efficient copper-catalyzed three-component reaction for the synthesis of sulfenylimidazo [1,2-a]pyridines using elemental sulfur as the sulfenylating agents has been developed. The reaction could proceed smoothly with a high degree of functional group tolerance and provide the desired products in moderate to good yield.

OFHC copper substrates for niobium sputtering:comparison of chemical etching recipes

Purpose Niobium sputtered on copper has been a popular alternative approach for superconducting radio frequency(SRF)community in the last few decades.Comparing to bulk materials of a few millimeters,high-purity niobium of merely a few microns is sufficient to realize superconductivity on the coated surface.Being niobium thin film,it has been widely acknowledged that surface quality of the substrate plays a vital role in obtaining a superior niobium coating with excellent SRF performance.Therefore,proper chemical treatment of the substrate before coating is crucial and the ultimate goal is to create a smooth and defect-free surface.Prior to the design of a cavity etching system,the mechanism of SUBU as well as two industry-used solutions is studied in detail on samples.Methods Copper samples were first pre-treated by mechanical grinding to remove fabrication damages,obvious defects and visible impurities.Two chemical solutions widely used in industries were subsequently chosen to etch the samples.Finally,the established SUBU solution was used independently on these pre-treated samples for comparison.Surface morphology and etching rate were measured accordingly.Results and conclusions Mirror-like copper surface was created by using the SUBU solution thus qualified for subsequent niobium sputtering,while the other two solutions used in industries were less effective with nonideal surface morphology.The chemical reactions,the experimental requisites and the involved processes are extensively elucidated for all three solutions.Limitations for SUBU were examined,and the optimum ratio of the chemical bath volume to sample surface area was also determined.These investigations will serve as an important guidance for the development of a chemical etching system for elliptical copper cavities.

噻唑化合物对铜在硫酸中的缓蚀行为研究

利用失重法、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻唑(DMTD)对纯铜在0.5 M的硫酸中的缓蚀作用。通过失重法研究缓蚀效果,并以其实验数据探讨吸附模型;采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗图谱研究缓蚀剂性能及机理。失重结果表明四种实验温度下DMTD均可明显减缓纯铜在硫酸溶液中的腐蚀,DMTD分子吸附满足Langmuir等温线;电化学分析可知DMTD抑制纯铜阴阳极腐蚀反应;随着DMTD浓度的增大,吸附膜层缓蚀性能增强;表面形貌观察分别证实了DMTD的缓蚀作用。2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻唑(DMTD)可有效抑制纯铜在0.5 mol·L^(-1)的硫酸中的腐蚀。

从铁矾渣侧吹熔炼—烟化法烟灰中回收锌镉及其净化除杂

研究了采用酸性浸出—硫化除杂法从铁矾渣侧吹熔炼—烟化法产出的烟灰中回收锌、镉,并选择性除去浸出液中的铜,产物用以制备镉掺杂硫化锌;在热力学分析基础上,探明了硫酸体系下锌浸出率影响因素及其浸出动力学;通过正交试验明确了各参数对硫化钠选择性除杂的影响。结果表明:烟灰中锌主要以氧化锌形式存在,其浸出过程符合混合控制,表观活化能为73.70 kJ/mol;在最佳条件下,锌浸出率达98.99%。以Na_(2)S用量为理论添加量的3.2倍,控制体系pH=2.0,铜去除率可达95.97%,同时有效保留锌、镉,实现了铜与锌、镉的选择性分离。

三种药剂对水绵控制效果的比较分析

选择硫酸铜、扑草净以及肉桂酸为控藻药剂,以常见的丝状藻-水绵为受试对象,比较了三种药剂的控藻效果。研究结果表明,三种药剂的施用对水绵生长、代谢及抗逆功能均造成了影响,但影响程度因药剂类型、药剂浓度及施用时间而异。相同浓度条件下,硫酸铜、扑草净的控藻效果均优于肉桂酸,但硫酸铜的施用会造成环境累积和生物放大等危害。结合控藻有效性、安全性和经济性,选择1 mg/L扑草净为最优方案。

富氧底吹炉熔炼烟气中SO_(3)的生产控制

介绍了某铜冶炼厂底吹炉熔炼烟气中SO_(3)的产生机理,通过分析铜精矿水分、铜精矿硫铜比、烟气中氧含量等因素对烟气中SO_(3)浓度的影响,提出了相应的控制措施,同时改造底吹炉、余热锅炉等关键设备,达到精准控制烟气中SO_(3)浓度的目的。

氧化铜矿石硫酸搅拌浸出试验研究

在对刚果(金)某氧化铜矿石进行的硫酸搅拌浸出研究中取得了显著成果。研究表明,在常温常压条件下,通过调控磨矿细度、矿浆液固体积质量比、搅拌时间、硫酸质量浓度和搅拌速度等因素,成功获得了极具潜力的高铜浸出率。具体而言,在磨矿细度为-200目占86%、矿浆液固体积质量比为4∶1、搅拌时间为6小时、硫酸质量浓度为30 g/L、搅拌速度为200 r/min的工艺条件下,铜浸出率超过84%,稳定性高且可重复性强。这项工艺的突出优势之一在于其简便易行。通过合理调节多种因素,无需复杂的设备或技术条件即可达到理想的铜浸出效果,这为生产提供了便捷的操作手段。同时,其低成本特点进一步凸显了其实用性,无需昂贵的原料或特殊设备,从而节省了生产成本。此外,这一工艺方法对环境友好。相比其他传统的铜提取方法,减少了废水和废气的排放,极大地降低了对环境的污染,符合绿色、可持续发展的现代工艺要求。

硫酸铜和过氧化钙对海水及沉积物磷赋存形态的影响

生源要素磷的生态功能受其赋存形态影响,金属阳离子和DO影响其赋存形态转化,故推断渔药CuSO_(4)和CaO_(2)影响磷的赋存形态。为验证这一假说,分别在充气和不充气的条件下将海水和沉积物分别暴露于浓度为0、0.35、0.70、1.05 mg/L的CuSO_(4)和浓度为0、5.00、35.00、50.00 mg/L的CaO2中,21 d后测定上覆海水和间隙水的总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(IP)浓度,沉积物中的总磷(TP)、盐酸可浸取态磷(HClP)、可交换态磷(Ex-P)含量。结果表明:充气时,CuSO_(4)降低上覆水IP浓度和沉积物TP含量,增加沉积物Ex-P含量;不充气时,CuSO_(4)降低上覆水TP浓度和沉积物TP、Ex-P含量,增加间隙水IP浓度;充气时,过氧化钙降低上覆水IP、TP浓度,增加沉积物HCl-P和Ex-P含量;不充气时,过氧化钙降低上覆水TP浓度,增加间隙水IP浓度和沉积物Ex-P含量。因此,CuSO_(4)和CaO_(2)将水体中磷封存于沉积物,有降低水体IP的潜力。

砷冰铜氧压酸浸选择性分离铜砷锑

以铜电解脱镍后液替代硫酸作为浸出剂,采用氧压酸浸-蒸发结晶-SO_(2)还原工艺实现砷冰铜资源化利用。结果表明,在硫酸浓度120 g/L、浸出温度120℃、氧压0.8 MPa、液固比7∶1、浸出时间2 h条件下,砷冰铜中铜、砷、锑浸出率分别为97.99%、94.68%、17.28%,实现了高效浸出冰铜中铜、砷和选择性分离锑;氧浸液采用真空蒸发-自然冷却结晶析出硫酸铜,结晶母液采用SO_(2)还原工艺制取三氧化二砷,得到的硫酸铜(以CuSO4·5H2O计)纯度可达98.12%,三氧化二砷纯度达到99.49%。

铜再生烟灰中多组分硫酸熟化物相可控转化

提出硫酸熟化-水浸处置铜再生烟灰新技术,通过硫酸熟化将烟灰中铜、铅、锌、锡等金属化合物转化成对应的硫酸盐,同时使得氟、氯元素以HF和HCl的形式挥发脱除,然后采用水浸的方法实现铜锌和铅锡的分离。借助HSC Chemistry 6.0热力学软件分析熟化过程中物相转化的可行性,研究不同熟化工艺条件下物相的转化效率,并通过XRD和SEM-EDS等表征确定物相转化规律。研究结果表明:硫酸加入量和熟化温度是影响转化效率的主要因素,适当提高硫酸加入量和熟化温度可提高物相的转化效率。最佳的工艺条件如下:硫酸加入量为理论质量的1.8倍,熟化温度为250℃,熟化时间为60 min,空气气氛,在此条件下,氟和氯的脱除率分别为76.54%和99.07%,锌和铜的浸出率为99.02%和97.14%,而锡和铅保留在渣相中,从而实现铜再生烟灰中多组分的高效分离。

低品位铜镍钴氧化矿堆浸扩大试验

针对某低品位铜镍钴矿矿区规模大、浸出成本高的特点,提出了堆浸工艺。在Φ290 mm×6000 mm的堆浸柱中模拟工业堆场,进行了硫酸堆浸扩大试验。主要考察了配矿比例、原料粒度、浸出天数、细菌添加等因素对堆浸效果的影响。结果表明,筛分后制粒可显著提高料柱渗透性,Cu的最终浸出率可达73%,其中加入硫酸亚铁可以提升Co、Ni的浸出率,而添加细菌浸出可降低浸出硫酸用量。本研究可为低品位铜镍钴氧化铜的堆浸工艺工业应用提供技术支撑。

刚果(金)某低品位氧化铜钴矿强化还原浸出试验研究

采用亚硫酸钠强化还原浸出技术浸出非洲刚果(金)某含Cu 0.98%、Co 0.07%的低品位氧化铜钴矿,重点研究了常规硫酸浸出体系下工艺参数条件对浸出的影响。结果表明,在初始硫酸浓度2 mol/L、液固比2∶1、-0.074 mm占68.27%、加入4%的还原剂、总浸出时间6 h、浸出温度80℃的强化条件下,Cu浸出率可达96.50%,Co浸出率为85.21%,酸耗305.09 kg/(t原矿)。还原浸渣中剩余钴主要赋存于硫铜钴矿及褐铁矿,而水钴矿、铜钴硬锰矿中的钴基本被浸出。

硫酸铜浓度及电流密度的变化对游离微珠辅助磨电铸铜的影响

目的研究硫酸铜浓度及电流密度的变化对游离微珠辅助磨电铸铜电流效率和沉积层表面形貌、显微硬度的影响。方法使用立式阴极回转电铸设备进行单因素电铸试验,在硫酸铜质量浓度分别为40、80、120 g/L的条件下,将电流密度由1 A/dm^(2)增至4 A/dm^(2)进行试验。使用库仑计测量记录流经试验回路的电荷量,使用精密电子天平称取铜沉积层的质量,使用扫描电子显微镜观察铜沉积层的表面微观形貌,使用显微硬度计测量铜沉积层的显微硬度。结果硫酸铜质量浓度为40 g/L,电流密度由1 A/dm^(2)提高到4 A/dm^(2)时,沉积层的表面形貌逐渐趋于光滑平整,电流效率随着电流密度的增加先提高、后降低,在电流密度为2 A/dm^(2)时增至最高95.4%,在电流密度为4 A/dm^(2)时下降至最低92.7%。电流密度由1 A/dm^(2)提高到3 A/dm^(2)时,显微硬度由120.3HV增至最高139.8HV。电流密度为4 A/dm^(2)时,沉积层的表面粗糙度Ra最低,为0.19μm。硫酸铜质量浓度为80 g/L条件下,电流密度为4 A/dm^(2)时的沉积层表面最为平整,沉积层的表面粗糙度较低,为0.62μm。电流密度由1 A/dm^(2)提高到4 A/dm^(2)时,电流效率由94.1%增至最高97.2%,显微硬度由119.4HV增至最高146.3HV。硫酸铜质量浓度为120 g/L条件下,电流密度由1 A/dm^(2)提高到4 A/dm^(2)时,沉积层表面的毛刺逐渐变小,且数量也逐渐减少,电流效率由93.9%增至最高97.6%,显微硬度由117.3HV增至最高136.4HV。结论在一定条件下提高电流密度或降低硫酸铜浓度,均可改善沉积层的表面形貌,提高沉积层的显微硬度。游离微珠的运动磨削既可以改善沉积层的表面形貌,也可以改善沉积层内部的晶粒组织结构,提高沉积层的显微硬度,但微珠的运动会磨削掉沉积层表面微量的铜,降低电铸铜的电流效率。

PVDF/PSA管式复合纳滤膜的制备优化及性能研究

通过哌嗪(PIP)和1,3,5-苯三磺酰氯(TSC)在不同无纺布的PVDF管式超滤膜上界面聚合制备PSA管式纳滤膜,研究了助溶剂对PSA管式纳滤膜性能的影响。与PA管式纳滤膜相比,PSA管式纳滤膜在20wt%硫酸、2.5wt%硝酸、pH=0盐酸、1wt%和5wt%氢氧化钠中浸泡一个月性能不变;对不同pH的染料截留率达到92%以上;在酸性硫酸铜溶液中,有着92%的硫酸铜截留率,且能长期稳定运行。

铜烟灰酸浸渣NaCl-H_(2)SO_(4)溶液浸出提铋

以铜烟灰浸出铜、锌之后的酸浸渣为原料,采用NaCl-H_(2)SO_(4)溶液协同浸出铋并制取氯氧铋。在浸出铋过程中,考察了时间、硫酸添加量、液固比、温度以及NaCl浓度对铋浸出效果的影响。结果表明:NaCl浓度、硫酸添加量、时间和液固比对铋浸出率有显著影响,铋浸出率分别随NaCl浓度的升高、硫酸添加量的增加、液固比的增大呈增大趋势,随浸出时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势,随浸出温度的变化不明显;在NaCl浓度300 g/L、3倍理论硫酸添加量、时间2 h、温度60℃、液固比4∶1的最佳浸铋工艺条件下,Bi的浸出率>99%,>99%的铅和锡进入浸出渣;将含铋浸出液在温度70~90℃、pH值2.5~3.0的条件下水解0.5 h,可获纯度>99%、形态均一的氯氧铋。铜烟灰酸浸渣NaCl-H_(2)SO_(4)溶液协同浸出工艺高效、便捷,结果可为铋回收提供参考。

银电解液净化渣中银和铜的分离回收

银电解液净化过程中产生的净化渣中铜含量较高,采用火法工艺处理,存在除铜周期长、金银直收率低的问题,而且产生的含金银烟灰需要二次处理,增加了处理成本。本文探索使用硫酸法处理银电解液净化过程中产生的净化渣。结果表明,采用硫酸法湿法工艺处理净化渣,控制硫酸浓度6%、反应温度75℃、反应时间2 h、液固比5∶1、食盐加入量为27.5 kg/t的条件,净化渣中铜的浸出率可达到99%以上,反应后液中银含量降到0.5 mg/L。生产实践中,浸出渣中银含量可稳定在70%以上,铜含量为0.4%以下,实现了银铜的分离。相较于传统处理工艺,本工艺具有操作简单,且具有良好的经济与环保效益。