Tarnish Testing of Copper-Based Alloys Coated with SiO_2-Like Films by PECVD

The tarnishing test in the presence of hydrogen sulfide（H2S） vapors has been used to investigate the tarnish resistance capability of copper-based alloys coated with Si02-like films by means of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition（PECVD） fed with a tetraethoxysilane/oxygen mixture.The chemical and morphological properties of the films have been characterized by using infrared absorption spectroscopy（IR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）with energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS）.The corrosion products of the samples after the tarnishing test have been identified by X-ray diffraction analysis（XRD）.It has been found that SiO2-like films formed via PECVD with a high O2 flow rate could protect copper-based alloys from H2S vapor tarnishing.The alloys coated at the O2 flow rate of 20 sccm remain uncorroded after 54days of H2S vapor tarnish testing.The corrosion products for the alloys deposited at a low O2flow rate after 54 days of tarnish testing are mainly composed of brochantite.

Effect of niobium on glass-formation ability and soft magnetic properties of Gd-doping glassy alloys

The effect of niobium on glass-formation ability and soft magnetic properties were studied in Fe-Gd-B glassy alloys. The glassy alloys exhibited high glass-formation ability when the element of Nb was added. Bulk glassy rod （Fe0.87Co0.13）68.5Gd3.5Nb3B25 with a diameter up to 3 mm was produced by copper mold casting. The size of the atom might play an important role in increasing glass-formation ability. The coercive force of glassy （Fe0.87Co0.13）71.5.xGd3.sNbxB25 （x=1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4） alloys decreased after the addition of niobium element and was in the range of 1.5-2.9 A/m. The permeability spectrum of （Fe0.87Co0.13）70.3Gd3.5Nb1.5B25 glassy ribbon showed that the relaxation frequency （f0） was 6.1 MHz.

Bulk Glassy Alloys: Historical Development and Current Research

This paper reviews the development of current research in bulk glassy alloys by focusing on the trigger point for the synthesis of the first bulk glassy alloys by the conventional mold casting method. This review covers the background, discovery, characteristics, and applications of bulk glassy alloys, as well as recent topics regarding them. Applications of bulk glassy alloys have been expanding, particularly for Fe-based bulk glassy alloys, due to their unique properties, high glass-forming ability, and low cost. In the near future, the engineering importance of bulk glassy alloys is expected to increase steadily, and continuous interest in these novel metallic materials for basic science research is anticipated.

MICROALLOYING EFFECT OF BORON ON COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The microstructure and properties of boron-modified copper-base alloys were investigated by tension,corrosion,corrosive wear and erosion tests.The results show that by adding boron in copper-base alloys,the strength and hardness of alloys increase,the plasticity decreases somewhat;the corrosion,corrosive wear and erosion resistance of boron-modified copper-base alloys improve obviously.The microalloying mechanism of boron in copper-base alloys was found.

Effect of repeated melting of the mother ingot on the thermal stability of a Zr6oAl15Ni25 bulk glassy alloy

The effect of repeated melting of the mother ingot on the thermal stabilityof a Zr_(60)Al_+(15)Ni_(25) glassy alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Experimental results indicate that after the repeated melting of the ingots at 1300 and 1580K, the glass transition temperature T_g increases from 686.4 to 690.7 and 696.8 K and the onsettemperature of crystallization T_x from 757.9 to 758.6 and 763.4 K, respectively, indicating thatthe thermal stability becomes higher after the repeated arc melting of the mother ingot and that itis more effective at higher temperature. Within the framework of structure heredity, the origin ofthe improvement of the thermal stability of Zr_(60)Al_+(15)Ni_(25) bulk glassy alloy is discussed.

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and after crystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) and Cu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con- tact potential difference method in the secondary electron field at room temperature under 10^(-5) Pa vacuum.The results show that the work functions of both glassy alloys are higher than those of the corresponding crystalline alloys.

COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY COPPER-BASE ALLOYS

The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.

Crystallization Kinetics of a High-zirconium-based Glassy Alloy：A DSC Study

The non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zr_（72.5）Al_（10）Fe_（17.5） glassy alloy was investigated using differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）.Under non-isothermal heating condition,the primary phase in the initial crystallization is Zr_6Al_2Fe phase and the final crystallized products consist of Zr_6Al_2Fe,Zr_2Fe and a-Zr phases.The apparent activation energy for crystallization estimated using the Kissinger method is 342.1 ±8.1 kJ/mol.The local activation energy decreased with the increase in the crystallization volume fraction during nonisothermal crystallization.Under isothermal heating condition,the average Avrami exponent of about 2.76 implies a mainly diffusion-controlled three-dimensional growth with an increasing nucleation rate.The local activation energy for isothermal crystallization shows a different variation trend from that for nonisothermal crystallization,indicating different nucleation-and-growth mechanisms for the two crystallizaiton conditions.

Nanostructured bulk glassy Cu_(60)Zr_(30)Ti_(10) alloy with high strength and good ductility in cast state

The bulk glassy Cu 60 Zr 30 Ti 10 alloy with a diameter up to 4 mm and a length of 70 mm containing nanocrystalline phase was successfully developed by using copper mold casting method. The temperature interval of the supercooled liquid region before crystallization is above 37 K. The glass transition temperature ( T g) and the reduced glass transition temperature ( T g/ T l) of the cast bulk glassy Cu 60 Zr 30 Ti 10 alloy are 713 K and 0.62. The cast bulk glassy alloy, which has high glassy forming ability, shows expected mechanical properties. The elastic modulus, yield strength, fracture strength and elongation including elastic elongation are 114 GPa, 1 785 MPa, 2 150 MPa and 3.3% respectively in compressive deformation, and 112 GPa, 1 780 MPa, 2 000 MPa and 1.9% respectively in tensile deformation. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and nano beam electron diffraction (NBED) studies indicate that the cast metallic bulk glassy Cu 60 Zr 30 Ti 10 alloy consists of nanocrystals with a size of 4 nm embedded in glassy matrix. The nanoparticle is identified as CuZr and has point space group symmetry of pm3m and its lattice parameter is a =0.3 262 nm . The nanocrystalline phase grew up to 10 nm upon annealing at 430 ℃ for 10 min and caused the alloy brittle.

Solid solution evolution during mechanical alloying in Cu–Nb–Al compounds

This work concerns the structural evolution of Cu70Nb20Al10(at%) alloy processed by mechanical alloying using a planetary ball mill in air atmosphere for different times(4 to 200 h). The morphological, structural, microstructural, and thermal behaviors of the alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffraction patterns were examined using the Rietveld refinement technique with the help of the MAUD software. A disordered FCC-Cu(Nb,Al) solid solution was formed after 8 h of milling. The crystallite size, microstrain, and lattice parameter were determined by the Rietveld method. With increasing milling time, the crystallite size of the final product-ternary-phase FCC-Cu(Nb,Al)-is refined to the nanometer scale, reaching 12 nm after 200 h. This crystallographic structure combines good mechanical strength and good ductility. An increase in microstrain and partial oxidation were also observed with increasing milling time.

脉冲磁化条件下非晶磁芯的损耗特性

基于工频或高频磁化条件下磁芯的测试数据不能准确反映磁芯在单次脉冲磁化下的性能,给出了一种脉冲磁化条件下磁芯性能的测试方法和数据处理方法,实验研究了快脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯的损耗特性,磁芯最短饱和时间67ns,最大磁化速率达到40T/μs。通过数据处理,给出了磁芯损耗与磁化速率的关系曲线,获得了不同磁化速率下磁芯的损耗数据。分析了脉冲磁化条件下涡流损耗和磁滞损耗所占的比例。研究结果表明:脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯损耗与磁化速率关系符合饱和波模型,磁芯损耗随磁化速率增大而线性增大。

放电等离子烧结铁磁性大块非晶的晶化处理及其磁性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结的方法制备出Fe67Co9.5Nd3Dy0.5B20大块非晶合金,且具有很好的非晶性能。用DTA热分析得到合金的第一次晶化结束温度为650℃。在650℃下保温10min退火热处理后,合金出现了较好硬磁性,合金的最大磁能积达61kJ/m3,粉末颗粒的大小对合金的磁性能影响不大。Nd1.1Fe4B4相的析出也对矫顽力有一定影响。

磁性金属玻璃研究进展

磁性金属玻璃是一种新型的磁性材料 ,它具有大的玻璃形成能力和良好的热稳定性 ,只需很低的临界冷却速率即可获得很大尺寸的金属玻璃。与传统的磁性材料相比 ,磁性金属玻璃的有关性能更加优异 ,它具有高的饱和磁化强度、低的矫顽力、高的磁导率以及大的磁致伸缩系数 ,而且 ,在其液态过冷区内具有超塑性 ,利用这一特点 ,可以将其加工成为各种高精密度形状复杂的磁性器件。

大体积非晶态合金材料

综述了大体积非晶合金的形成原理以及合金的结构和成分特点;介绍了几种主要的大体积非品合金的制造工艺;简要介绍了几类大体积非晶合金的力学性能及磁性能。

放电等离子烧结制备铁基大块非晶材料

以惰性气体雾化的非晶铁基粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备大块非晶材料。探索了SPS烧结温度对烧结体的物相、相对密度、微观结构和性能的影响。试验表明,采用优化的SPS烧结工艺,用粉末冶金的方法,可以获得致密的大块非晶材料,部分性能与铸态相当。

大块玻璃合金射流成形方法的研究

用射流成形方法制备出了直径从Φ５ｍｍ到Φ１０ｍｍ的Ｚｒ基大块玻璃态合金，研究了样品尺寸大小以及保护气氛中含氧量对形成玻璃态合金的影响，结果表明，样品尺寸越小，则合金达到的冷却速率越大，形成的玻璃态合金中析出的结晶相越少。消除氧对非均匀形核的影响，可以减少或消除大块玻璃态合金基体中的结晶相析出，有利于获得更大尺寸的大块玻璃合金。

Ti基大块非晶合金的制备及热稳定性

采用铜模铸造法制备出最大直径为2mm的Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1块状非晶合金。DSC和DTA分析表明,该合金具有较高的玻璃形成能和热稳定性,玻璃转变温度(Tg),结晶化温度(Tx),过冷液体区间(?Tx)以及约化玻璃转变温度(Tg/Tm)分别为685K,754K,69K和0.62。由XRD分析结果可知,Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1的晶化过程分为部分亚稳相析出、初生相(NiTi2,NiTi,δ-CuTi和CuTi2)析出以及稳定相(NiTi2,NiTi,CuTi3和一个新的未知相)析出3个阶段。用Kissinger法计算出3个阶段的表观晶化激活能分别为377.86kJ/mol,322.97kJ/mol和311.17kJ/mol。研究结果表明晶化过程中第1放热峰表观晶化激活能较大,能有效地阻止Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1发生晶化,从而使其具有较大的非晶的玻璃形成能和良好的热稳定性。

大块非晶的性能及其制备技术

大块非晶具有许多优异的性能。介绍了制备大块非晶的主要方法，并且详细的介绍了SPS技术的原理、特点及在制备大块非晶材料中的应用。

Cu基块体非晶合金的研究进展

综述了国内外最近几年来Cu基大块非晶合金的研究现状,介绍了Cu基大块非晶合金在玻璃形成能力、机械性能、耐腐蚀性能、非晶-纳米晶合金方面的研究成果,最后探讨了Cu基大块非晶合金未来的研究重点。