Digital Text Document Watermarking Based Tampering Attack Detection via Internet

Owing to the rapid increase in the interchange of text information through internet networks,the reliability and security of digital content are becoming a major research problem.Tampering detection,Content authentication,and integrity verification of digital content interchanged through the Internet were utilized to solve a major concern in information and communication technologies.The authors’difficulties were tampering detection,authentication,and integrity verification of the digital contents.This study develops an Automated Data Mining based Digital Text Document Watermarking for Tampering Attack Detection(ADMDTW-TAD)via the Internet.The DM concept is exploited in the presented ADMDTW-TAD technique to identify the document’s appropriate characteristics to embed larger watermark information.The presented secure watermarking scheme intends to transmit digital text documents over the Internet securely.Once the watermark is embedded with no damage to the original document,it is then shared with the destination.The watermark extraction process is performed to get the original document securely.The experimental validation of the ADMDTW-TAD technique is carried out under varying levels of attack volumes,and the outcomes were inspected in terms of different measures.The simulation values indicated that the ADMDTW-TAD technique improved performance over other models.

图像抠图与copy-paste结合的数据增强方法

提出一种基于图像抠图与copy-paste结合的数据增强方法(matting-paste),采用图像抠图法获取单个垃圾实例的准确轮廓,并对单个实例进行旋转和亮度变换.根据物体轮廓信息,把实例粘贴到背景图上,无需额外的人工标注即可生成新的带有标注的数据,从而提高数据集的多样性和复杂性.结果表明:数据集扩充后的mask比数据集扩充前的识别精度提高了0.039,matting-paste能在已有数据集上有效地扩充数据,进一步提高模型的识别精度.

Research on Improved MobileViT Image Tamper Localization Model

As image manipulation technology advances rapidly,the malicious use of image tampering has alarmingly escalated,posing a significant threat to social stability.In the realm of image tampering localization,accurately localizing limited samples,multiple types,and various sizes of regions remains a multitude of challenges.These issues impede the model’s universality and generalization capability and detrimentally affect its performance.To tackle these issues,we propose FL-MobileViT-an improved MobileViT model devised for image tampering localization.Our proposed model utilizes a dual-stream architecture that independently processes the RGB and noise domain,and captures richer traces of tampering through dual-stream integration.Meanwhile,the model incorporating the Focused Linear Attention mechanism within the lightweight network(MobileViT).This substitution significantly diminishes computational complexity and resolves homogeneity problems associated with traditional Transformer attention mechanisms,enhancing feature extraction diversity and improving the model’s localization performance.To comprehensively fuse the generated results from both feature extractors,we introduce the ASPP architecture for multi-scale feature fusion.This facilitates a more precise localization of tampered regions of various sizes.Furthermore,to bolster the model’s generalization ability,we adopt a contrastive learning method and devise a joint optimization training strategy that leverages fused features and captures the disparities in feature distribution in tampered images.This strategy enables the learning of contrastive loss at various stages of the feature extractor and employs it as an additional constraint condition in conjunction with cross-entropy loss.As a result,overfitting issues are effectively alleviated,and the differentiation between tampered and untampered regions is enhanced.Experimental evaluations on five benchmark datasets(IMD-20,CASIA,NIST-16,Columbia and Coverage)validate the effectiveness of our proposed model.The meticulously calibrated FL-MobileViT model consistently outperforms numerous existing general models regarding localization accuracy across diverse datasets,demonstrating superior adaptability.

Passive detection of copy-paste forgery between JPEG images

A blind digital image forensic method for detecting copy-paste forgery between JPEG images was proposed.Two copy-paste tampering scenarios were introduced at first:the tampered image was saved in an uncompressed format or in a JPEG compressed format.Then the proposed detection method was analyzed and simulated for all the cases of the two tampering scenarios.The tampered region is detected by computing the averaged sum of absolute difference(ASAD) images between the examined image and a resaved JPEG compressed image at different quality factors.The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed method:capability of detecting small and/or multiple tampered regions,simple computation,and hence fast speed in processing.

Image Tampering Detection Using No-Reference Image Quality Metrics

In this paper,a new approach is proposed to determine whether the content of an image is authentic or modified with a focus on detecting complex image tampering.Detecting image tampering without any prior information of the original image is a challenging problem since unknown diverse manipulations may have different characteristics and so do various formats of images.Our principle is that image processing,no matter how complex,may affect image quality,so image quality metrics can be used to distinguish tampered images.In particular,based on the alteration of image quality in modified blocks,the proposed method can locate the tampered areas.Referring to four types of effective no-reference image quality metrics,we obtain 13 features to present an image.The experimental results show that the proposed method is very promising on detecting image tampering and locating the locally tampered areas especially in realistic scenarios.

A Hybrid Intelligent Approach for Content Authentication and Tampering Detection of Arabic Text Transmitted via Internet

In this paper,a hybrid intelligent text zero-watermarking approach has been proposed by integrating text zero-watermarking and hidden Markov model as natural language processing techniques for the content authentication and tampering detection of Arabic text contents.The proposed approach known as Second order of Alphanumeric Mechanism of Markov model and Zero-Watermarking Approach(SAMMZWA).Second level order of alphanumeric mechanism based on hidden Markov model is integrated with text zero-watermarking techniques to improve the overall performance and tampering detection accuracy of the proposed approach.The SAMMZWA approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without altering the original text document.The extracted features are used as a watermark information and integrated with digital zero-watermarking techniques.To detect eventual tampering,SAMMZWA has been implemented and validated with attacked Arabic text.Experiments were performed on four datasets of varying lengths under multiple random locations of insertion,reorder and deletion attacks.The experimental results show that our method is more sensitive for all kinds of tampering attacks with high level accuracy of tampering detection than compared methods.

A Survey of Blind Forensics Techniques for JPEG Image Tampering

Blind forensics of JPEG image tampering as a kind of digital image blind forensics technology is gradually becoming a new research hotspot in the field of image security. Firstly, the main achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in the blind forensic technology of JPEG image tampering were briefly described. Then, according to the different methods of tampering and detection, the current detection was divided into two types: double JPEG compression detection and block effect inconsistency detection. This paper summarized the existing methods of JPEG image blind forensics detection, and analyzed the two methods. Finally, the existing problems and future research trends were analyzed and prospected to provide further theoretical support for the research of JPEG image blind forensics technology.

Text Analysis-Based Watermarking Approach for Tampering Detection of English Text

Due to the rapid increase in the exchange of text information via internet networks,the security and the reliability of digital content have become a major research issue.The main challenges faced by researchers are authentication,integrity verication,and tampering detection of the digital contents.In this paper,text zero-watermarking and text feature-based approach is proposed to improve the tampering detection accuracy of English text contents.The proposed approach embeds and detects the watermark logically without altering the original English text document.Based on hidden Markov model(HMM),the fourth level order of the word mechanism is used to analyze the contents of the given English text to nd the interrelationship between the contexts.The extracted features are used as watermark information and integrated with digital zero-watermarking techniques.To detect eventual tampering,the proposed approach has been implemented and validated with attacked English text.Experiments were performed using four standard datasets of varying lengths under multiple random locations of insertion,reorder,and deletion attacks.The experimental and simulation results prove the tampering detection accuracy of our method against all kinds of tampering attacks.Comparison results show that our proposed approach outperforms all the other baseline approaches in terms of tampering detection accuracy.

Securing Arabic Contents Algorithm for Smart Detecting of Illegal Tampering Attacks

Themost common digital media exchanged via the Internet is in text form.The Arabic language is considered one of themost sensitive languages of content modification due to the presence of diacritics that can cause a change in the meaning.In this paper,an intelligent scheme is proposed for improving the reliability and security of the text exchanged via the Internet.The core mechanism of the proposed scheme depends on integrating the hidden Markov model and zero text watermarking techniques.The watermark key will be generated by utilizing the extracted features of the text analysis process using the third order and word level of the Markov model.The Embedding and detection processes of the proposed scheme will be performed logically without the effect of the original text.The proposed scheme is implemented using PHP with VS code IDE.The simulation results,using varying sizes of standard datasets,show that the proposed scheme can obtain high reliability and provide better accuracy of the common illegal tampering attacks.Comparison results with other baseline techniques show the added value of the proposed scheme.

On the Use of Benford’s Law to Detect JPEG Biometric Data Tampering

Tampering of biometric data has attracted a great deal of attention recently. Furthermore, there could be an intentional or accidental use of a particular biometric sample instead of another for a particular application. Therefore, there exists a need to propose a method to detect data tampering, as well as differentiate biometric samples in cases of intentional or accidental use for a different application. In this paper, fingerprint image tampering is studied. Furthermore, optically acquired fingerprints, synthetically generated fingerprints and contact-less acquired fingerprints are studied for separation purposes using the Benford’s law divergence metric. Benford’s law has shown in literature to be very effective in detecting tampering of natural images. In this paper, the Benford’s law features with support vector machine are proposed for the detection of malicious tampering of JPEG fingerprint images. This method is aimed at protecting against insider attackers and hackers. This proposed method detected tampering effectively, with Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.08%. Again, the experimental results illustrate that, optically acquired fingerprints, synthetically generated fingerprints and contact-less acquired fingerprints can be separated by the proposed method effectively.

An Optimal Text Watermarking Method for Sensitive Detecting of Illegal Tampering Attacks

Due to the rapid increase in the exchange of text information via internet networks,the security and authenticity of digital content have become a major research issue.The main challenges faced by researchers are how to hide the information within the text to use it later for authentication and attacks tampering detection without effects on the meaning and size of the given digital text.In this paper,an efficient text-based watermarking method has been proposed for detecting the illegal tampering attacks on theArabic text transmitted online via an Internet network.Towards this purpose,the accuracy of tampering detection and watermark robustness has been improved of the proposed method as compared with the existing approaches.In the proposed method,both embedding and extracting of the watermark are logically implemented,which causes no change in the digital text.This is achieved by using the third level and alphanumeric strategy of the Markov model as a text analysis technique for analyzing the Arabic contents to obtain its features which are considered as the digital watermark.This digital watermark will be used later to detecting any tampering of illegal attack on the received Arabic text.An extensive set of experiments using four data sets of varying lengths proves the effectiveness of our approach in terms of detection accuracy,robustness,and effectiveness under multiple random locations of the common tampering attacks.

数字图像多功能水印综述

数字图像多功能水印技术通过将多种类型的水印嵌入到同一图像,以实现2种及以上的图像保护功能(版权保护、内容认证、篡改恢复等).当前,数字图像多功能水印算法仍面临着性能和应用场景等方面的挑战.为促进图像多功能水印的进一步发展,首先系统地梳理了数字图像水印技术,包括其系统特性、常见分类、关键技术与成果,以及其可实现的功能与应用场景;在此基础上,对近10年来不同类别的多功能水印嵌入模型(融合水印嵌入、零水印嵌入、水印串行嵌入、水印并行嵌入)的相关工作进行归纳与分析;最后,总结了当前数字图像多功能水印技术的不足,展望了后续研究与发展趋势.综合分析发现,多水印的嵌入难免对水印综合性能造成损失,且多功能水印在真实应用场景中的效果仍待改善.人工智能等新技术在数字图像多功能水印中的应用有望提升算法性能.

基于强化样本的伪孪生网络图像篡改定位模型

随着互联网不断发展,网络上的篡改图像越来越多,掩盖篡改痕迹的手段越来越丰富。而现在大多数检测模型没有考虑到图像后处理操作对篡改检测算法的影响,限制了其在实际生活中的应用。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种通用的基于强化样本的伪孪生网络图像篡改定位模型。所提模型利用伪孪生网络,一方面学习真实图像中的篡改特征;另一方面通过约束卷积,抑制图像内容,从而能够更加关注篡改残留的痕迹信息。网络的两分支结构可以达到充分利用图像特征信息的目的。模型利用强化样本,可以自适应地生成当前最需要学习的篡改类型图片,实现对模型有针对性地训练,使得模型在各个方向上学习收敛,最终得到全局最优模型。利用数据增强思路,自动生成丰富的篡改图像以及其对应的掩膜,这很好地解决了篡改数据集有限的问题。在4个数据集上的大量实验证明了所提模型在像素级操作检测方面的可行性和有效性。尤其是在Columbia数据集上,算法的F1值提高了33.5%,Matthews correlation coefficirnt(MCC)得分提高了23.3%,说明所提模型利用深度学习模型的优点,显著提高了篡改定位的检测效果。

边缘异常识别下视频图像篡改细节检测

视频图像不同栅格位置或不同压缩区域被合成为篡改图像时会出现特征块效应的差异,改变原视频的关键信息。为了准确识别图像中被篡改的像素点,提出基于边缘异常识别的视频图像篡改检测方法。通过离散余弦变换,将能量全部集中到图像的低频系数内,描述出视频的边缘等细节。利用能量比与频域熵间关系得出图像中能量的可疑度,结合预测掩膜概率图划分出发生篡改的位置区域。利用Sobel边缘检测边缘点,量化边缘点特征判断出边缘是否异常,当出现异常对其跟踪直至目标消失,检测出视频图像中的篡改位置区域。实验结果表明,所提方法能够精准检测出视频图像被篡改位置,且耗时低于1ms,应用优势显著。

基于文字边缘失真特征的翻拍图像篡改定位

针对翻拍文档图像的篡改定位问题,提出一种基于文字边缘失真特征的翻拍图像篡改定位方法。从文字边缘分布、边缘梯度以及待检测文本与参考文本在边缘梯度上的差异3个方面构建了文字失真特征,并训练了一个基于深度神经网络的分类器进行决策。同时,为了评估检测方法的性能,构建了一个包含120张合法图像、1 200张翻拍篡改文档图像的数据集。实验结果表明:所提出的方法在跨库实验场景下词汇级别的ROC曲线下面积(area under ROC curve,AUC)和等错误率(equal error rate,EER)分别达到了0.84和0.23;与Forensic Similarity (128×128)和DenseFCN相比,所提出的特征结合LightDenseNet的方法在翻拍篡改文档数据集的跨库协议下,词汇级别的AUC指标分别提高了0.06和0.17。

基于多尺度时空特征和篡改概率改善换脸检测的跨库性能

目前大多DeepFake换脸检测算法过于依赖局部特征,尽管库内检测性能尚佳,但容易出现过拟合,导致跨库检测性能不理想,即泛化性能不够好。有鉴于此,文中提出一种基于多尺度时空特征和篡改概率的换脸视频检测算法,目的是利用假脸视频中广泛存在的帧间时域不连续性缺陷来解决现有检测算法在跨库、跨伪造方式和视频压缩时性能明显下降的问题,改善泛化检测能力。该算法包括3个模块:为检测假脸视频在时域上留下的不连续痕迹,设计了一个多尺度时空特征提取模块;为自适应计算多尺度时空特征之间的时空域关联性,设计了一个三维双注意力机制模块;为预测随机选取的像素点的篡改概率和构造监督掩膜,设计了一个辅助监督模块。将所提出的算法在FF++、DFD、DFDC、CDF等公开大型标准数据库中进行实验,并与基线算法和近期发布的同类算法进行对比。结果显示:文中算法在保持库内平均检测性能优良的同时,跨库检测和抗视频压缩时的综合性能最好,跨伪造方法检测时的综合性能中等偏上。实验结果验证了文中算法的有效性。

面向强后处理场景的图像篡改定位模型

针对微信、微博等社交平台对图像进行的压缩、尺度拉伸等有损操作带来的篡改痕迹模糊或被破坏的挑战,提出了一种对抗强后处理的图像篡改定位模型。该模型选用了基于Transformer的金字塔视觉转换器作为编码器,用于提取图像的篡改特征。同时,设计了一个类UNet结构的端到端编码器-解码器架构。金字塔视觉转换器的金字塔结构和注意力机制可以灵活关注图像的各个区块,结合类UNet结构能够多尺度地提取图像上下文间的关联信息,对强后处理的图像有着较好的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,所提模型在对抗JPEG压缩、高斯模糊等常见的后处理操作以及在不同社交媒体传播场景的数据集上的定位性能上明显优于目前主流的篡改定位模型,展现出了优异的鲁棒性。

一种基于保守超混沌系统的脆弱水印算法

提出了一种新颖的基于混沌系统的数字图像脆弱水印算法。所提出的方案引入了一个高维保守超混沌系统与数字图像关联生成混沌序列,通过转置卷积重构后得到水印信息,将其嵌入到图像像素的最低有效位(Least Significant Bit,LSB)。相比耗散混沌,保守超混沌系统因其不具有混沌吸引子的性质和超混沌特性,可以在符合人眼视觉的掩蔽性的同时,增强安全性能。实验结果表明,该方法安全可靠,能够在各种攻击下获得较高的篡改检测和定位精度。

基于深度学习的视频篡改检测方法

随着新一代信息技术的迅猛发展,视频图像处理的多媒体技术应用越发广泛,数字视频的真实性面临巨大挑战。对视频篡改问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于深度学习的检测方法,即将卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)相结合,融入哈希(Hash)算法,利用卷积神经网络提取特征值,输入至长短期记忆网络,通过全连接层Softmax提取时空特征构建了CNNH-LSTM融合网络模型。将该网络模型应用于直播类视频篡改检测分类,实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的特征提取能力、泛化能力,并具有较好的区分性,为视频篡改检测提供了一种新思路。

基于深度学习的多模态人脸篡改识别

深度伪造技术是一种基于深度学习的图像和音视频合成技术。它使用深度神经网络生成高度逼真的虚构内容,尤其在人脸篡改方面,已对日常生活产生了不良影响。随着深度学习的发展,传统的卷积神经网络难以准确识别当前的人脸篡改行为。为应对该挑战,提出了一种多模态人脸篡改识别方法,创新性地结合了频域处理、错误水平分析以及语义信息进行检测。经过在FaceForensics++数据集上进行实验测试,结果表明,该方法的准确率高达83.10%,是一种有效的人脸篡改检测方法。