Core-shell-embedded Mesoporous Silica Capsules for Atmospheric Water Harvesting

A one-step ultrasonic mechanical method was used to synthesize a kind of atmospheric water harvesting material with high water harvesting performance in a wide relative humidity(RH)range,especially at low RH(RH<40%),namely,mesoporous silica capsule(MSC)with core-shell structure.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),nitrogen adsorption and other characterization techniques were used to study the formation process of nano-microspheres.A new mechanism of self-adaptive concentration gradient regulation of silicon migration and recombination core-shell structure was proposed to explain the formation of a cavity in the MSC system.The core-shell design can enhance the specific surface area and pore volume while maintaining the monodispersity and mesoporous size.To study the water harvesting performance of MSC,solid silica nanoparticles(SSN)and mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSN)were prepared.In a small atmospheric water collection test(25℃,40%RH),the water vapour adsorption and desorption kinetics of MSC,SSN,MSN and a commercial silica gel(CSG)were compared and analyzed.The results show that the MSC with mesoporous channels and core-shell structure can provide about 0.324 gwater/gadsorbent,79%higher than the CSG(0.181 gwater/gadsorbent).It is 25.1%higher than that of 0.259 gwater/gadsorbentof un-hollowed MSN and 980%higher than that of0.03 gwater/gadsorbentof un-hollowed SSN.The material has a large specific surface area and pore volume,simple preparation method and low cost,which provides a feasible idea for realising atmospheric water collection in arid and semi-arid regions.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt-Carbon Core-Shell Microspheres in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System

The synthesis of cobalt-carbon core-shell microspheres in supercritical carbon dioxide system was investi- gated. Cobalt-carbon core-shell microspheres with diameter of about 1μm were prepared at 350 ℃ for 12 h in a closed vessel containing an appropriate amount of bis（cyclopentadienyl）cobalt powder and dry ice. Characterization by a variety of techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TransmissiOn electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals that each cobalt-carbon core-shell microsphere is made up of an amorphous cobalt core with diameter less than 1 μm and an amorphous carbon shell with thickness of about 200 nm. The possible growth mechanism of cobalt-carbon core-shell microspheres is discussed, based on the pyrolysis of bis（cyclopentadienyl）cobalt in supercritical carbon dioxide and the deposition of carbon or carbon clusters with odd electrons on the surface of magnetic cobalt cores due to magnetic attraction. Magnetic measurements show 141.41 emu/g of saturation magnetization of a typical sample, which is lower than the 168 emu/g of the corresponding metal cobalt bulk material. This is attributed to the considerable mass of the carbon shell and amorphous nature of the magnetic core. Control of magnetism in the cobalt-carbon core-shell microspheres was achieved by annealing treatments.

Effects of Silica Sol on Structure and Properties of Core-Shell Silicon-Acrylic Materials

Silica sol prepared by sol-gel method was introduced into poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA)/poly (butyl acrylate-styrene-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane) (PSBM) core-shell emulsions to prepare a series of paper surface sizing agents. The rheological measurement indicated that PSBM emulsions exhibited shear-thinning behavior, and the phenomena became more pronounced with increasing silica sol concentration. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the stronger interfacial interaction between silica sol and polymer matrix, but microphase separation took place with excess silica sol. Thereby the tensile strength and thermal stability of emulsion films were increased with desirable silica sol concentration, and when silica sol concentration was greater than 6 wt%, the tensile strength leveled off and the decomposition temperature decreased from 351.19℃ to 331.63℃. The degree of crystallinity increased from 5.12% to 10.98% with 4% silica sol addition, resulting in enhanced rigidity of films. Furthermore, the interaction between polymer and fiber was improved with certain amount of silica sol, resulting in improved sizing degree, ring crush strength, surface strength and folding strength. However, excessive crosslinking will be harmful for the properties of sized paper.

Synthesis of Octylmethoxycinamate-silica Core-shell Nanoparticles with Self-templating Method

t A self-templating method was employed to synthesize core-shell nanoparticles with octylmethoxycinamate（OMC）, a well-known organic UV absorber, as core and nanosilica particles as shell. The characteristic of this method is that the whole process requires neither surface treatment for nanosilica particles nor additional surfactant or stabilizer, and all the reactions could be finished in one-pot, which exempts removing template and reduces reaction steps compared to the conventional process. The morphology, structure, particle size distribution, chemical composition and optical property of OMC-SiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, dynamic light scattering（DLS）, FTIR spectrometry and UV absorption spectrometry, respectively. Experiment results indicate that the resulting OMC-SiO2 nanoparticles were perfectly spherical with smooth particle surfaces, and had clear core-shell structures. The particle size could be tuned by altering reaction conditions. In addition, the mechanism of the self-templating method for forming core-shell nanoparticles was discussed.

Preparation and Characterization of Silica and Clay-Silica Core-Shell Nanoparticles Using Sol-Gel Method

Silica and montmorillonite-supported silica nanoparticles were prepared via an acid one step sol-gel process. The synthesized solids were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TEM and N2 adsorption. The effect of preparing temperatures on the structure and properties of the silica nanoparticles were studied. The results show that the increase of annealing temperature from 25 to 200℃, don’t change amorphous state of silica. While for montmorillonite-supported silica the clay platelets are delaminated during the sol-gel process. TEM results showed that the average particle size of silica is increased by increasing temperature due to the particle sintering and the clay-silica nanoparticles possessed core–shell morphology with diameter of 29 nm. The surface area measurements showed that by increasing annealing temperature the surface area was decreased due to aggregation of particle. The clay-silica sample showed lower average pore width than that of the silica prepared at 200℃ indicating that it has a macropores structure. The adsorption efficiency of the prepared samples was tested by adsorption of protoporphyrin IX. The highest adsorption efficiency was found for SiO2 prepared at 200℃. Temkin model describe the equilibrium of adsorption of protoporphyrin IX on caly-silica nanoparticles under different conditions.

α-MnO_2 nanoneedle-based hollow microspheres coated with Pd nanoparticles as a novel catalyst for rechargeable lithium-air batteries

The hollow α-MnO2 nanoneedle-based microspheres coated with Pd nanoparticles were reported as a novel catalyst for rechargeable lithium-air batteries. The hollow microspheres are composed ofα-MnO2 nanoneedles. Pd nanoparticles are deposited on the hollow microspheres through an aqueous-solution reduction of PdCl2 with NaBH4 at room temperature. The results of TEM, XRD, and EDS show that the Pd nanoparticles are coated on the surface ofα-MnO2 nanoneedles uniformly and the mass fraction of Pd in the Pd-coated α-MnO2 catalyst is about 8.88%. Compared with the counterpart of the hollow α-MnO2 catalyst, the hollow Pd-coated α-MnO2 catalyst improves the energy conversion efficiency and the charge-discharge cycling performance of the air electrode. The initial specific discharge capacity of an air electrode composed of Super P carbon and the as-prepared Pd-coatedα-MnO2 catalyst is 1220 mA＆#183;h/g （based on the total electrode mass） at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2, and the capacity retention rate is about 47.3% after 13 charge-discharge cycles. The results of charge-discharge cycling tests demonstrate that this novel Pd-coatedα-MnO2 catalyst with a hierarchical core-shell structure is a promising catalyst for the lithium-air battery.

Construction and properties of venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained release system based on hollow mesoporous silica microspheres

The aim of this work is to develop a venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained release system based on hollow mesoporous silica microspheres(HMSMs).HMSMs were innovatively prepared with tetraethyl silicate(TEOS)as the precursor and volatile n-heptane as a soft template.The obtained HMSMs show a well-defined hollow structure with an average size of 967 nm and pore volume of 0.85 cm^(3)/g,implying it is a potential drug carrier.Subsequently,venlafaxine hydrochloride(VF)was absorbed in the HMSMs with a content of 37.67% or so.The sustained release effect is further measured by the dissolution in-strument at 37℃ and 50 rpm in ultrapure water.The results showed that the HMSMs/VF system shows good sustained release properties compared with sustained release tablets with hydroxypropyl meth-ylcellulose as the main component.This HMSMs sustained release system appears to be a promising candidate for a sustained drug release.

3D flower-like heterostructured TiO_2@Ni(OH)_2 microspheres for solar photocatalytic hydrogen production

TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell microspheres were synthesized by a facile strategy to obtain a perfect 3D flower-like nanostructure with well-arranged Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes on the surfaces of TiO2 microspheres;this arrangement led to a six-fold enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The unique p-n type heterostructure not only promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers significantly, but also offers more active sites for photocatalytic hydrogen production. A photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on the results of electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Functional monodisperse microspheres fabricated by solvothermal precipitation co-polymerization

Simultaneous achievement in high solid content and high microsphere yield is deemed a challenge in the fabrication of monodisperse microspheres by precipitation polymerization.We herein demonstrate that micro-sized monodisperse poly(methacrylic monomer-divinylbenzene)microspheres containing epoxy,lauyl,carboxyl and hydroxyl functions can be fabricated by solvothermal precipitation copolymerization at 20%(mass)monomer loading with over 94%microsphere yield.The morphology and porosity of the obtained particles can be readily tuned by cosolvent-acetonitrile binary solvents.Addition of a small amount of cosolvent that has similar solubility parameter to that of the functional monomer can significantly improve the monodispersity of the obtained microspheres.When tetrahydrofuran was used as the co-solvent,the surface area of the highly porous microspheres achieved higher than 400 m^(2)·g^(-1).Solvothermal precipitation co-polymerization can be expected in scale-up fabrication of various monodisperse functional microspheres free of any surfactant and additive.

Silver Hollow Microspheres: Large-scale Synthesis, Characterization and Electromagnetic Shielding Property

A facile and large-scale synthesis method to fabricate silver hollow microspheres with controllable morphologies and shell thickness is described using low-cost glass microspheres as templates. The method mainly involves two steps of the preparation of silver-coated glass microsphere core–shell particles by a controllable liquid reduced reaction of Ag[（NH3）2]＋ solution, which only produces silver nanoparticles anchored on the surface of the thiolated glass microsphere templates, and the removal of glass microspheres by wet chemical etching with HF solution. The products are well characterized by field emitted scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmitted electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectra （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） etc. The as-prepared core-shell particles and hollow particles have even and compact silver shells. The electromagnetic shielding coatings based on the silver hollow microspheres are demonstrated to have high conductivity, excellent shielding effectiveness and long durability, suggesting that the silver hollow microspheres obtained here are a novel light-weight electromagnetic shielding filler and will have extensive applications in the electromagnetic compatibility fields.

MoSe_(2)/TiO_(2)heterostructure integrated in N-doped carbon nanosheets assembled porous core-shell microspheres for enhanced sodium storage

Engineering the structure and composition of electrode materials is one of the essential means for achieving excellent electrochemical performance.The rational design of Na+host materials is still a massive challenge for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).Herein,MoSe_(2)/TiO_(2)heterostructure is integrated with N-doped carbon nanosheets to assemble into hierarchical flowerlike porous core-shell microspheres(MoSe_(2)/TiO_(2)@N-C),which is firstly reported by room-temperature stirring coupled with vulcanization treatment.The cavity of the core-shell structure could provide enough storage space for Na+and alleviate the volume expansion during charge/discharge processes.The apertures between nanosheets provide a guarantee for the rapid penetration of electrolyte to enhance the utilization rate of electrode materials.Furthermore,building heterostructures by combining different phase structures can facilitate electron transfer and accelerate reaction kinetics.Benefiting from the synergistic contributions of structure and composition,MoSe_(2)/TiO_(2)@N-C as SIBs anode material shows better reversible capacities of 302.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1)for 400 cycles and 217.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 4 A·g^(-1)for 900 cycles.Strikingly,the reversible capacities can be restored entirely to the initial level after a high current density cycle.

Preparation and properties of magnetic alumina microspheres with a γ-Fe_2O_3/SiO_2 core and Al_2O_3 shell

Magnetic alumina composite microspheres with γ-Fe 2 O 3 core/Al 2 O 3 shell structure were prepared by the oil column method. A dense silica layer was deposited on the surface of γ-Fe 2 O 3 particles （denoted as γ-Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ） with a desired thickness to protect the iron oxide core against acidic or high temperature conditions. γ-Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 particles with about 85 wt% Al 2 O 3 were obtained and showed to be suitable for practical applications as a magnetic catalyst or catalyst support due to their magnetic properties and pore structure. The products were characterized with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. The specific surface area and pore volume of the γ-Fe 2 O 3 /SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 composite microspheres calcined at 500 ？ C were 200 m 2 /g and 0.77 cm 3 /g, respectively.

MICRON CORE-SHELL PARTICLES PREPARED BY GRAFTING POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE FROM NARROW DISPERSE SURFACE OF CHLOROMETHYLATED POLYDIVINYLBENZENE VIA ATRP

Grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate)from narrow disperse polymer particles by surface-initiated atom transferradical polymerization(ATRP)was investigated.Polydivinylbenzene(PDVB)particles were prepared by dispersionpolymerization with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP)as the stabilizer.Chloromethylated PDVB was used as initiating coresites for subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate with CuBr/bpy as catalyst system.It was found that poly(methylmethacrylate)was grafted not only from the particle surfaces but also from within a thin shell layer,leading to particles sizeincreases from 2.38-3.00 μm with a core-shell structure particles.The grafted core-shell particles were characterized withFTIR,SEM,DSC.

Synthesis of the Core-Shell Structure Materials as the Controlled-Release Drug Carrier

We have developed a controlled-release drug carrier. Smartly controlled-release polymer nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through RAFT polymerization as the controlled-release core. The structural and particle properties of polymer nanoparticles were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mesoporous materials were selected as the shell materials to encapsulate the smart core as the stable shell. The mesoporous shell was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the results showed that a well-defined core-shell structure with mesoporous structure was obtained, and this controllable delivery system will have the great potential in nanomedicine.

采出水中核壳型荧光微球浓度的检测方法

聚合物微球调驱是改善水驱效果的主要技术之一。微球在地层中的运移以及能否在采出水中有效检出会直接影响调驱效果。因此,将荧光碳点引入微球调驱剂中,起到示踪的作用。荧光核壳微球调驱剂由含荧光碳点的核心微球溶液和壳层水溶液混合吸附而成。为了降低油水分离后采出水中的杂质对核壳荧光微球有效检出的干扰,首先对荧光微球的浓度与荧光强度进行线性拟合,验证该方法的可行性;然后用硅胶对地层采出水进行吸附,通过对比采出水吸附前后的荧光发射光谱,验证硅胶吸附的实用性;最后用硅胶对采出水配制的荧光微球进行吸附,绘制荧光强度和微球浓度的标准曲线。结果表明,在激发波长为347 nm的条件下,荧光微球的质量浓度与445 nm发射波长处的荧光强度具有良好的线性关系,相关判定系数(R^(2))为0.9870。经硅胶处理后,水驱采出水的荧光发射强度显著降低,硅胶吸附能有效去除采出水中的杂质。在激发波长为347 nm、荧光光谱仪狭缝为10~20 nm、微球质量浓度为1~1200 mg/L时,荧光核壳微球水分散液的质量浓度(x)与462 nm处的荧光发射峰值(y)呈正比线性关系,拟合方程为y=2497.1042+3.1847x,R^(2)为0.9972,置信度较高。荧光强度与核壳微球浓度的线性阶段可满足现场检测要求。该方法可为类似油藏荧光微球含量的定量检测提供借鉴。

C18键合硅胶微球的制备及色谱分离性能

目的:制备出中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球,并应用在色谱柱填料中,研究了影响微球形貌的制备因素及影响其液相分离的条件,获得制备C18-SiO_(2)微球的制备条件及影响其液相分离的条件。方法:以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,盐酸(HCl)为催化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C_(18)H_(29)NaO_(3)S)为表面活性剂,利用聚合诱导胶体凝聚法(PICA)合成介孔SiO_(2)微球,研究制备工艺(反应温度、pH值及甲醛和尿素的摩尔比N)对SiO_(2)微球大小形貌的影响规律,优化制备条件,制备出中位径为12μm SiO_(2)微球,经十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(C_(21)H_(46)O_(3)Si)修饰后制备出C18-SiO_(2)微球,并用应用于高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱的填料,研究其对复合氨基酸的分离条件。结果:获得了中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球的制备条件及液相分离条件。结论:利用PICA法成功制备了中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球,粒径分布窄(D_(90)/D_(10)=1.63),介孔直径为10 nm,比表面积为236.38 m^(2)/g;在适宜的流动相和洗脱强度条件下,C18-SiO_(2)微球能够对复合氨基酸谷丙甘氨酸进行较快地分离,分离度均大于1.5。

辊压连续成型制备聚丙烯超疏水表面

在平板热压印技术的基础上优化了工艺,以不锈钢筛网作为模具,通过控制变量法,采用热辊压压印的方式,以聚丙烯(PP)薄膜为基材,并使用具有疏水性的二氧化硅(SiO_(2))微球进行修饰,最终制备出了具有超疏水表面的薄膜,并对样品的耐久性进行了测试。实验总结出了合适的辊压工艺参数:辊压温度为170℃,辊压压力为10 MPa,辊轮转速为2.0~2.2 r/min。结果表明,该方法可以在PP薄膜表面连续构筑出具有较好疏水效果的二级复合微纳结构,并且,表面镶嵌的SiO_(2)微球使薄膜耐久性显著提高,接触角为154°,滚动角为1°。文章优化了热压工艺,即采用了热辊压印的方式,采用SiO_(2)疏水微球修饰薄膜表面,显著增强了薄膜表面的耐久性和力学稳定性。

多孔二氧化硅微球复合硅基气凝胶的制备及性能研究

本文利用纳米多孔二氧化硅微球复合优化了有机硅源气凝胶的结构与性能,在一定程度上改善了有机硅气凝胶孔隙尺寸大,隔热性能较差的问题。实验结果表明:二氧化硅微球的引入,细化了气凝胶二次粒子的尺寸,气凝胶骨架由珍珠链状结构转变为紧密堆叠结构,骨架连接强度得到显著增强。得益于这种转变,复合气凝胶表现出优异的力学性能,当压缩应变为80%时,其应力从81.5 kPa增大到175.1 kPa。与此同时,复合气凝胶隔热性能也进一步提升,导热系数从0.0469 Wm^(-1)·K^(-1)下降到了0.0408 Wm^(-1)·K^(-1)。

磁性微米二氧化硅和磁性微米聚苯乙烯微球的制备及表面功能化方法综述

磁性微米二氧化硅微球和磁性聚微米苯乙烯微球由于具备粒径可调控、表面富含官能团、易于磁性分离等优点,在生物医学、污水处理等领域发挥着重要作用,并且随着需求的提升,对微球的粒径等性能要求也越来越高。磁性二氧化硅微球和磁性聚苯乙烯微球由于其优良的性能受到了广泛地研究和关注,本文对磁性微米二氧化硅微米微球的制备、磁性微米聚苯乙烯微米微球的制备以及两种微球的表面功能化方法进行了综述,并介绍了利用微流控技术制备磁性微球新方法,微流控技术有望成为制备性能优良磁性微球的重要方法。

纳米二氧化硅微球表面接枝嵌段聚合物的制备及其在丙烯酸结构胶体系中的性能研究

以二氧化硅微球为模板,将其表面修饰上活性官能团。通过表面引发可控/“活性”自由基聚合,连续引发苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯聚合,得到表面接枝嵌段聚合物的纳米二氧化硅微球,并对其进行表征。将表面修饰的二氧化硅微球用于丙烯酸结构胶体系,并和未修饰二氧化硅微球的体系进行对比。研究结果表明:通过结构表征证明了目标产物合成成功;将表面修饰的二氧化硅微球用于丙烯酸结构胶体系,聚合物改性的纳米二氧化硅在拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和剪切强度等性能的表现均优于未改性的纳米二氧化硅;纳米二氧化硅在固化体系中具有增强增韧的作用,表面接枝聚合物改性后,其性能表现更优。