This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ...This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.展开更多
Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity...Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of DDGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 DDGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the U.S.were characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of DDGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All DDGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols(lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all DDGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the DDGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound(free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, DDGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of DDGS. In particular,thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.展开更多
在实验室条件下对4种不同产地、皮色的小麦样品进行酒精发酵处理,研究酒精发酵对籽粒中膳食纤维、阿拉伯木聚糖等非淀粉多糖的影响,并将副产物酒糟(DDGS)应用于高纤维(膳食纤维含量6%以上)馒头的开发。小麦籽粒及麸皮中水溶性膳食纤维...在实验室条件下对4种不同产地、皮色的小麦样品进行酒精发酵处理,研究酒精发酵对籽粒中膳食纤维、阿拉伯木聚糖等非淀粉多糖的影响,并将副产物酒糟(DDGS)应用于高纤维(膳食纤维含量6%以上)馒头的开发。小麦籽粒及麸皮中水溶性膳食纤维的含量很低,仅占膳食纤维总量的5%左右。酒精发酵处理后,膳食纤维总量不变,水不溶性膳食纤维转化为水溶性膳食纤维,DDGS中水溶性膳食纤维占总膳食纤维的比例提高至10.59%~16.02%。发酵后DDGS中可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖、多酚的总量分别是发酵前籽粒全粉中相应总量的6~7倍、8~10倍。在发酵醪液中检测到一定活性的木聚糖酶,该酶可能帮助水解阿拉伯木聚糖,释放阿魏酸,使DDGS中可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖和总酚的含量显著增加。采用含DDGS的混合粉制作的馒头与小麦粉馒头的比容没有显著性差异,最大达到2.78 m L/g;与麸皮混合粉馒头相比,DDGS混合粉馒头的比容显著增大,硬度降低,弹性和回复性提高。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD17B03)
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.
基金supported by the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council and the Agricultural Utilization Research Institute(Project number AIC-115)
文摘Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of DDGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 DDGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the U.S.were characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of DDGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All DDGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols(lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all DDGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the DDGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound(free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, DDGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of DDGS. In particular,thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.
文摘玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(dried distillers grains with solubles,DDGS)已经在世界各国饲料中得以广泛应用。近年来,为了最大限度地降低成本,在乙醇生产过程中提取玉米油,制成脱脂玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(reduced-fat dried distillers grains with solubles,RF-DDGS),RF-DDGS中蛋白质和纤维素含量升高,油脂含量降低。RF-DDGS是一种很好的饲料原料,引起动物营养学家们的广泛关注。结合RF-DDGS的国内外研究状况,综述了RF-DDGS的生产现状,营养特点,及其在动物生产中的应用,结合目前RF-DDGS在动物生产中存在的问题和潜在应用,对RF-DDGS的进一步发展进行展望,旨在为RF-DDGS在畜禽生产中的科学应用提供依据。
文摘在实验室条件下对4种不同产地、皮色的小麦样品进行酒精发酵处理,研究酒精发酵对籽粒中膳食纤维、阿拉伯木聚糖等非淀粉多糖的影响,并将副产物酒糟(DDGS)应用于高纤维(膳食纤维含量6%以上)馒头的开发。小麦籽粒及麸皮中水溶性膳食纤维的含量很低,仅占膳食纤维总量的5%左右。酒精发酵处理后,膳食纤维总量不变,水不溶性膳食纤维转化为水溶性膳食纤维,DDGS中水溶性膳食纤维占总膳食纤维的比例提高至10.59%~16.02%。发酵后DDGS中可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖、多酚的总量分别是发酵前籽粒全粉中相应总量的6~7倍、8~10倍。在发酵醪液中检测到一定活性的木聚糖酶,该酶可能帮助水解阿拉伯木聚糖,释放阿魏酸,使DDGS中可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖和总酚的含量显著增加。采用含DDGS的混合粉制作的馒头与小麦粉馒头的比容没有显著性差异,最大达到2.78 m L/g;与麸皮混合粉馒头相比,DDGS混合粉馒头的比容显著增大,硬度降低,弹性和回复性提高。
