Corn pericarp and peanut hull (lignocellulosic materials) which are food industry by-products were used as substrates in this study. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) pret...Corn pericarp and peanut hull (lignocellulosic materials) which are food industry by-products were used as substrates in this study. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) pretreatments at 0%, 2.5% and 5% were used for the removal of lignin. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) were conducted using Aspergillus niger (strain 201201) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 26603). Aspergillus niger was added on day 1 to all samples with inoculation treatments of S. cerevisiae at one-day intervals (A = Day 1, B = Day 2, C = Day 3 and D = Day 4). Pretreatment with 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was more beneficial in the removal of lignin for both substrates. Corn pericarp yielded an ethanol concentration of 22.2 g/L in C and 21.78 g/L in D of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment. Peanut hull with 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment in D yielded a higher concentration at 10.38 g/L compared to other inoculation treatments. The highest ethanol yielded on a percentage basis for corn pericarp was 45.04% in C of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment and 24.6% in D of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment for peanut hull.展开更多
Bio-fuel can be used to help transition from a petroleum-based society to a bio-based society. Ever since the China Development and Reform Commission suspended the approval of crop processing programs, second-generati...Bio-fuel can be used to help transition from a petroleum-based society to a bio-based society. Ever since the China Development and Reform Commission suspended the approval of crop processing programs, second-generation bio-ethanol research and industrialization processes have attracted significant attention. In 2020, bio-ethanol production is predicted to reach 10 million tons. Currently, there are a few domestic enterprises that have established different scaled pilot or demonstration bases for cellulosic ethanol, which reduce the cost of ethanol by continuously improving pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques. In the next three years, these enterprises will realize large-scale commercial production. Given the practical problems in cellulosic ethanol plant construction and operation(e.g., marketing price variation and difficulties in feedstock collection), this paper began with the concept of a "whole-crop refinery" and presented a solution to the integration of industry and agriculture as well as multi-crop refining. This paper then took the whole-crop refining system of corn as an example and presented an analysis of the logistics, energy flow, and economical efficiency of the system. The results demonstrated that the integrated system could properly reduce the required fixed investments in production equipment,shared utilities, and wastewater treatment facilities, as well as reduction of energy consumption. Although the proposed system has several problems, it brings the long-term goal of large-scale commercial application closer than ever.展开更多
利用生命周期评价原理对玉米燃料乙醇生产能耗和产投比进行了分析,以期为膜生物反应器发酵等新工艺的能耗分析以及玉米燃料乙醇的可再生性分析提供依据.在计入和忽略副产品能值的2种情况下,玉米燃料乙醇生命周期的净能量值都为负值,能...利用生命周期评价原理对玉米燃料乙醇生产能耗和产投比进行了分析,以期为膜生物反应器发酵等新工艺的能耗分析以及玉米燃料乙醇的可再生性分析提供依据.在计入和忽略副产品能值的2种情况下,玉米燃料乙醇生命周期的净能量值都为负值,能量产投比都小于1,如果不计副产品能值,则净能量为-16 556.15 M J,能量产投比为0.618,计入副产品能值则净能值为-8 765.15 M J,能量产投比为0.753.每吨乙醇所耗玉米中含有的可再生能量为40 993.60M J,可再生能量回收率为65.3%,乙醇的发酵生产只是一种能源形式的转变过程.通过现有研究结果的比较发现,国内研究中玉米燃料乙醇生命周期的净能值为正的结果值得商榷.展开更多
文摘Corn pericarp and peanut hull (lignocellulosic materials) which are food industry by-products were used as substrates in this study. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) pretreatments at 0%, 2.5% and 5% were used for the removal of lignin. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) were conducted using Aspergillus niger (strain 201201) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 26603). Aspergillus niger was added on day 1 to all samples with inoculation treatments of S. cerevisiae at one-day intervals (A = Day 1, B = Day 2, C = Day 3 and D = Day 4). Pretreatment with 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was more beneficial in the removal of lignin for both substrates. Corn pericarp yielded an ethanol concentration of 22.2 g/L in C and 21.78 g/L in D of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment. Peanut hull with 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment in D yielded a higher concentration at 10.38 g/L compared to other inoculation treatments. The highest ethanol yielded on a percentage basis for corn pericarp was 45.04% in C of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment and 24.6% in D of 2.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pretreatment for peanut hull.
基金Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(2006BAC02A17)
文摘Bio-fuel can be used to help transition from a petroleum-based society to a bio-based society. Ever since the China Development and Reform Commission suspended the approval of crop processing programs, second-generation bio-ethanol research and industrialization processes have attracted significant attention. In 2020, bio-ethanol production is predicted to reach 10 million tons. Currently, there are a few domestic enterprises that have established different scaled pilot or demonstration bases for cellulosic ethanol, which reduce the cost of ethanol by continuously improving pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques. In the next three years, these enterprises will realize large-scale commercial production. Given the practical problems in cellulosic ethanol plant construction and operation(e.g., marketing price variation and difficulties in feedstock collection), this paper began with the concept of a "whole-crop refinery" and presented a solution to the integration of industry and agriculture as well as multi-crop refining. This paper then took the whole-crop refining system of corn as an example and presented an analysis of the logistics, energy flow, and economical efficiency of the system. The results demonstrated that the integrated system could properly reduce the required fixed investments in production equipment,shared utilities, and wastewater treatment facilities, as well as reduction of energy consumption. Although the proposed system has several problems, it brings the long-term goal of large-scale commercial application closer than ever.
文摘利用生命周期评价原理对玉米燃料乙醇生产能耗和产投比进行了分析,以期为膜生物反应器发酵等新工艺的能耗分析以及玉米燃料乙醇的可再生性分析提供依据.在计入和忽略副产品能值的2种情况下,玉米燃料乙醇生命周期的净能量值都为负值,能量产投比都小于1,如果不计副产品能值,则净能量为-16 556.15 M J,能量产投比为0.618,计入副产品能值则净能值为-8 765.15 M J,能量产投比为0.753.每吨乙醇所耗玉米中含有的可再生能量为40 993.60M J,可再生能量回收率为65.3%,乙醇的发酵生产只是一种能源形式的转变过程.通过现有研究结果的比较发现,国内研究中玉米燃料乙醇生命周期的净能值为正的结果值得商榷.
