Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,...Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.展开更多
Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and o...Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and other crop by-product silages ; （2） introduction of methods for analyses of fiber content in feeds such as detergent and enzymatic analyses; （3） determination of digestive characteristics in the tureen by artificial digestion trials （ in vitro and in situ ） ; （ 4 ） evaluation of meat productivity and quality by feeding corn stover silage to beef cattle in feeding experiments and; （5） preparation of feed composition and feeding standards for animals in Jilin Province. These results and methods substantially contributed to stabilization of feed supply as well as an increase in the efficiency of meat production, resulting in sustainable development of livestock management in China.展开更多
This study was conducted to recover edible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates from different grades of EBN,including the industrial by-products,using enzymatic treatment.The nutrient,physicochemical properties and antioxid...This study was conducted to recover edible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates from different grades of EBN,including the industrial by-products,using enzymatic treatment.The nutrient,physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the recovered hydrolysates at different hydrolysis times were evaluated.Results showed that the recovery yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was above 89%for all grades of EBN and the degree of hydrolysis increased over time.Nitrite content(0.321-0.433 mg/L)was below the permissible tolerance level for all samples.Interestingly,the antioxidant activities(DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant powder(FRAP)activity)were significantly higher(P≤0.05)in hydrolysates recovered from EBN by-products(EBNhC and EBNhD)as compared to the high grade EBN hydrolysates(EBNhA and EBNhB).The in-vitro probiotic activity of EBN and its hydrolysates were examined using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum.Evidently,EBN by-products hydrolysate(EBNhD)recorded the highest number of L.plantarum(1.1×1011 CFU/mL),indicating that low grade EBN has the potential as prebiotic material that promotes probiotic activity.This study demonstrated the concept of using EBN by-products hydrolysates for various applications,such as functional ingredients with enhanced bioactivities,to improve its economic value.展开更多
This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid gro...This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.展开更多
[ Objective] To screen suitable lactic acid bacterium strains from forage corn which can be used as silage additives. [ Method] The lactic acid bacterium strains were isolated by inoculation on MRS solid medium contai...[ Objective] To screen suitable lactic acid bacterium strains from forage corn which can be used as silage additives. [ Method] The lactic acid bacterium strains were isolated by inoculation on MRS solid medium containing calcium carbonate, and they were preliminarily identified through morphological, physiological and biochemical experiments. The acid production efficiency was determined. Twelve strains having strong acid-pro- duction ability were selected, and their salt tolerance and acid tolerance were detected. The sequences of their 16 S rDNA were also analyzed. [ Result] A total of 44 lactic acid bacterium strains were isolated from the forage com. As evidenced by the physiological and biochemical experi- ments, the twelve strains having strong acid-production ability belonged to Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, respectively, and they had strong salt tolerance and acid tolerance. According to the sequences of 16 S rDNA, A4, B9, B11, B12 and B14 were Lactobacillus plantarum; A1, A2., A7, A11 and B8 were Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextran subspecies; and AB and A9 were Enterococcus hirae. [ Conclusion ] The lactic acid bacterium strains with strong acid-production ability isolated from forage corn can be developed into silage additives.展开更多
[目的]从饲料玉米中筛选适合做青贮饲料添加剂的高效乳酸菌。[方法]用MRS+CaCO3固体培养基筛选乳酸菌,经形态学和生理生化试验进行初步鉴定,测定其产酸效率;挑选出12株产酸率强的乳酸菌进行耐盐和耐酸能力的测定,并对其进行16 S rDNA鉴...[目的]从饲料玉米中筛选适合做青贮饲料添加剂的高效乳酸菌。[方法]用MRS+CaCO3固体培养基筛选乳酸菌,经形态学和生理生化试验进行初步鉴定,测定其产酸效率;挑选出12株产酸率强的乳酸菌进行耐盐和耐酸能力的测定,并对其进行16 S rDNA鉴定。[结果]从饲料玉米中共分离得到44株乳酸菌,12株产酸能力强的菌株经生理生化试验鉴定分别属于明串珠菌属、乳杆菌属和肠球菌属,且12株菌株都具有良好的耐盐、耐酸能力。经16 S rDNA鉴定:A4、B9、B11、B12和B14为植物乳杆菌;A1、A2、A7、A11和B8为肠膜明串珠菌葡聚糖亚种;A8和A9为兼性肠球菌。[结论]从饲料玉米中筛选出具有较强产酸能力的乳酸菌,作为青贮饲料添加剂。展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Doctor Research Fund of Henan University of Technology(2020BS009)Science,Technology and Innovation in the Soybean and its Alternative Crops Chain(SQ2019YFD100114).
文摘Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan(20160204015ny)Construction of Jilin Modern Agricultural Industry Research System(201637)National Beef Cattle Yak Industry Research System(CARS-38)
文摘Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and other crop by-product silages ; （2） introduction of methods for analyses of fiber content in feeds such as detergent and enzymatic analyses; （3） determination of digestive characteristics in the tureen by artificial digestion trials （ in vitro and in situ ） ; （ 4 ） evaluation of meat productivity and quality by feeding corn stover silage to beef cattle in feeding experiments and; （5） preparation of feed composition and feeding standards for animals in Jilin Province. These results and methods substantially contributed to stabilization of feed supply as well as an increase in the efficiency of meat production, resulting in sustainable development of livestock management in China.
基金funded by the Research Excellence Consortium(Konsortium Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan)(KKP/2020/UKMUKM/5/1)(JPT(BKPI)1000/016/018/25(21))the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2019/WAB01/UKM/02/1)。
文摘This study was conducted to recover edible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates from different grades of EBN,including the industrial by-products,using enzymatic treatment.The nutrient,physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the recovered hydrolysates at different hydrolysis times were evaluated.Results showed that the recovery yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was above 89%for all grades of EBN and the degree of hydrolysis increased over time.Nitrite content(0.321-0.433 mg/L)was below the permissible tolerance level for all samples.Interestingly,the antioxidant activities(DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant powder(FRAP)activity)were significantly higher(P≤0.05)in hydrolysates recovered from EBN by-products(EBNhC and EBNhD)as compared to the high grade EBN hydrolysates(EBNhA and EBNhB).The in-vitro probiotic activity of EBN and its hydrolysates were examined using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum.Evidently,EBN by-products hydrolysate(EBNhD)recorded the highest number of L.plantarum(1.1×1011 CFU/mL),indicating that low grade EBN has the potential as prebiotic material that promotes probiotic activity.This study demonstrated the concept of using EBN by-products hydrolysates for various applications,such as functional ingredients with enhanced bioactivities,to improve its economic value.
文摘This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.
基金supported by the funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30760008)
文摘[ Objective] To screen suitable lactic acid bacterium strains from forage corn which can be used as silage additives. [ Method] The lactic acid bacterium strains were isolated by inoculation on MRS solid medium containing calcium carbonate, and they were preliminarily identified through morphological, physiological and biochemical experiments. The acid production efficiency was determined. Twelve strains having strong acid-pro- duction ability were selected, and their salt tolerance and acid tolerance were detected. The sequences of their 16 S rDNA were also analyzed. [ Result] A total of 44 lactic acid bacterium strains were isolated from the forage com. As evidenced by the physiological and biochemical experi- ments, the twelve strains having strong acid-production ability belonged to Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, respectively, and they had strong salt tolerance and acid tolerance. According to the sequences of 16 S rDNA, A4, B9, B11, B12 and B14 were Lactobacillus plantarum; A1, A2., A7, A11 and B8 were Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextran subspecies; and AB and A9 were Enterococcus hirae. [ Conclusion ] The lactic acid bacterium strains with strong acid-production ability isolated from forage corn can be developed into silage additives.
文摘[目的]从饲料玉米中筛选适合做青贮饲料添加剂的高效乳酸菌。[方法]用MRS+CaCO3固体培养基筛选乳酸菌,经形态学和生理生化试验进行初步鉴定,测定其产酸效率;挑选出12株产酸率强的乳酸菌进行耐盐和耐酸能力的测定,并对其进行16 S rDNA鉴定。[结果]从饲料玉米中共分离得到44株乳酸菌,12株产酸能力强的菌株经生理生化试验鉴定分别属于明串珠菌属、乳杆菌属和肠球菌属,且12株菌株都具有良好的耐盐、耐酸能力。经16 S rDNA鉴定:A4、B9、B11、B12和B14为植物乳杆菌;A1、A2、A7、A11和B8为肠膜明串珠菌葡聚糖亚种;A8和A9为兼性肠球菌。[结论]从饲料玉米中筛选出具有较强产酸能力的乳酸菌,作为青贮饲料添加剂。
