Cornus officinalis with high pressure wine steaming enhanced anti-hepatic fibrosis: Possible through SIRT3-AMPK axis

Cornus officinalis,a medicinal and edible plant known for its liver-nourishing properties,has shown promise in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),crucial indicators of hepatic fibrosis,especially when processed by high pressure wine steaming(HPWS).Herein,this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of cornus officinalis,both in its raw and HPWS forms,on inflammation and apoptosis in liver fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.In vivo liver fibrosis models were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4,while in vitro HSCs were exposed to transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b).These findings demonstrated that cornus officinalis with HPWS conspicuously ameliorated histopathological injury,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors,and decreased collagen deposition in CCl4-induced rats compared to its raw form.Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)combined with network analysis,we identified that the pharmacological effects of the changed components of cornus officinalis before and after HPWS,primarily centered on the adenosine phosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Of note,cornus officinalis activated AMPK and sirtuin 3(SIRT3),promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs through the caspase cascade by regulating caspase3,caspase6 and caspase9.small interfering RNA(siRNA)experiments showed that cornus officinalis could regulate AMPK activity and its mediated-apoptosis through SIRT3.In conclusion,cornus officinalis exhibited the ability to reduce inflammation and apoptosis,with the SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway identified as a potential mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of cornus officinalis with HPWS on anti-liver fibrosis.

Effects of indole-3-butyric acid and age of stem cuttings on root morphology,growth,and survival of Cornus sericea

Red osier dogwood(Cornus sericea L.),widely distributed throughout North America,is essential for wildlife,thus biodiversity.It is recommended for reclamation or revegetation of sites disturbed by oil and gas extraction because it tolerates a wide range of soil types and high pH levels.Since germination of this species is extremely difficult with long stratification requirements and poor germination,cuttings facilitate propagation.In this study,to develop techniques to propagate the species from stem cuttings,four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)and two cutting ages previous year’s growth(PYG)and current year’s growth(CYG)were investigated for survival and growth.After 4 months,survival rate,height growth,and shoot biomass from PYG cuttings were enhanced with IB A.In contrast,IB A did not affect these parameters in CYG cuttings.Root morphology was significantly affected by IB A concentration and cutting age.IBA,at higher concentrations,increased root surface and length.Total root surface area and length of PYG cuttings were increased,which may facilitate the absorption of essential resources and consequently increase growth.The results indicate that increasing the concentration of IB A may be an effective way to have better plant survival and growth of previous year’s cuttings in red osier dogwood.

Flavonoids and Amino Acids Analysis of the Fruits of Cornus mas L. Introduced in Uzbekistan

Cornelian cherry is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry as an ornament, in traditional medicine, and in the manufacture of household items. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to research the chemical composition of these species. In the article, based on our research, the analysis of the quantitative calculation of flavonoids and amino acids of the fruits of the “Elegant” and “Svetlyachok” cherry varieties was carried out. It was found that the amount of amino acids in the fruits of Cornus mas L., introduced in Uzbekistan, is higher in the variety “Svetlyachok” 2.643235 mg/g. In “Elegant” variety it was 1.794235 mg/g. The amount of 4 different flavonoids in the fruit was also determined. It has been established that the Elegant variety has a high concentration of lutein and rutin, and the svetlyachok has a high concentration of apigenin and quercetin.

Cornus controversa的木材解剖学研究

Cornus controversa为Cornaceae植物,通过对其进行木材解剖学研究,发现其为散孔材,射线为异形Ⅱ型,具梯状穿孔板,是一种结构较原始的树种。

The Mechanism of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides and Cornus Polysaccharide on Myocardial Protection in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To investigate effects of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides (COTG) and Cornus Polysaccharide (CP) on myocardial protection and on expression of mitochondria biogenesis related gene of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats, Materials and Methods: Ninety-six SD rats of SPF level were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group, model group, preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, CP treatment group, and there were 12 cases in each one. By legating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery method, acute myocardial infarction model was established. The rat of sham operation group and model group was intragastric administered with physiological saline;other groups were given with corresponding drugs. The cardiac function, the myocardial infarct area, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1mRNA and GSK-3β mRNA, GSK-3β Protein Expression were analyzed. Results: The results revealed that compared with model group, myocardial infarction size, LVDs, LVDd, LVESV, LVEDP, and -dp/dt decreased;LVSP increased in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05);LVEDV increased in preventive treatment group (p < 0.05), PGC 1 alpha, and PGC 1 beta;the NRF-1 mRNA expression increased in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with CP and COTG treatment group, PGClpha, beta PGC 1, the NRF-1 mRNA expression increased in preventive treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with the sham operation group, GSK-3 beta mRNA and protein expression increased in model group, preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p < 0.05). Compared with model group, GSK-3 beta mRNA expression reduced in preventive treatment group, COTG treatment group, and CP treatment group (p Cornus officinalis total glycosides and Cornus polysaccharides can effectively protect myocardial mitochondria of acute myocardial infarction rats by activating GSK-3β signaling pathways, and reduce the myocardial infarct size, which has great significance for improving cardiac function.

灯台树(Cornus controversa)导管分子穿孔板的类型

对灯台树茎次生木质部离析材料进行观察研究 ,发现其导管分子穿孔板有梯状穿孔板和单穿孔板 2种类型 ,并且其单穿孔板的穿孔外展。具不同类型穿孔板的导管分子有 4种类型 ,即两端均为梯状穿孔板的导管分子 ;一端是梯状穿孔板 ,另一端是单穿孔板的导管分子 ;一端有 2个单穿孔板 ,另一端是梯状穿孔板的导管分子 ;两端均为单穿孔板的导管分子。

Effects of Cornus Officinal Is Total Glycoside on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Calcium Overload after Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Rats

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides (COTG) on myocardial protection, by studying effects of COTG on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and calcium concentration in rats. Methods: The myocardial cells of born 1-3d SD rats were isolated by enzyme digestion, cultured for 3 days. Cells were divided into five groups: Control group, H/R group, Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides low-dose group (LDG), Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides middle-dose group (MDG) and Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides high-dose group (HDG). Three drug groups were pretreated with different doses of Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides before hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry assay, the intracellular free calcium concentration was examined by flow cytometry, and the ultrastructure of myocardial cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Results: The results revealed that Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides pretreatment decreased apoptosis rate, but the effect of lower dosage is not significant. Furthermore, Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides can attenuate mitochondrial calcium overload, improve mitochondrial morphology and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by H/R. Conclusion: Cornus officinalis Total Glycosides pretreatment can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and calcium overload during H/R injury. However, the underlying mechanisms require us to further study.

Effect of physiographic factors on qualitative and quantitative charac-teristics of Cornus mas L. natural stands in Arasbaran forests, Iran

Arasbaran forests are located in East Azerbaijan （northwest Iran）. Increasing of socio-economic problems in this area causes destruction of biodiversity and structure of these forests. Using multipurpose trees such as cornelian cherry （Cornus mas L） to encourage villagers to produce forest by-products is a basic approach for preserving these forests. This species grows naturally in Arasbaran forests and the fruit is annually exploited using traditional harvest methods. This study aims to assess the ecological requirements of cornelian cherry and the important factors affecting its distribution. For this purpose, 40 circular sampling plots （300 m2） on various slope aspects were demarcated for sampling the occurrence of cornelian cherry in forest stands. DBH and crown cover percentage on north aspects were significantly greater than on other aspects and 4.5% of all trees were cornelian cherry in mature forest stands. North aspects had more seed-origin trees （standards） of cornelian cherry than coppiced trees, while west facing aspects had more coppiced than standard trees. This species had the highest regeneration rate in the sapling stage of 0–2.5 cm DBH. Thus, I recommend cultivation and development of cornelian cherry as a multi-purpose tree in the Arasbaran region on degraded forest lands on north and west aspects.

Plantar Cornu Cutaneum Associated with Cutaneous Myxoma

Cutaneous horns are rare in black patients probably as a result of the rarity of sun induced associated skin lesions. However reports of these lesions are filtering in from Africa. In this paper we report an unusual case on the sole of the foot in a native African from Nigeria. This is probably the first documentation of the lesion on the sole of the foot in the world literature.

Evaluation of yields and quality parameters of oils from Cornus wilsoniana fruit extracted by subcritical n-butane extraction and conventional methods

Cornus wilsoniana fruit oil is a very important woody oil and is the main raw material of biodiesel.In this study,the oil yield,physicochemical properties,fatty acid composition,rheological properties,thermal stability,and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra of C.wilsoniana fruit oil obtained by subcritical n-butane extraction(SBE)and conventional methods such as pressing extraction(PE)and Soxhlet extraction(SE)were determined to study the influence of different extraction methods on the quality and yield of C.wilsoniana fruit oil.The oil yield of SBE(19.47%)was higher than that of PE(9.93%)but slightly lower than that of SE(21.08%).All of the extracted oils exhibited similar physicochemical properties,and the SBE oil was richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)than that of the PE oil,with an approximate 1:2 ratio of total saturated fatty acids against unsaturated fatty acids.The results of rheological behavior and thermal stability showed that all extracted oils had Newtonian flow characteristics,wherein the SBE oil exhibited lower viscosity and higher thermal stability.Furthermore,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images of the surface topography indicated that different oil extraction methods will affect the residual oil content of the C.wilsoniana fruit powder.Compared with PE,the pores on the surface of the C.wilsoniana fruit powder after oil extraction were clearly visible,indicating that the driving force of SBE for oil extraction is stronger than that of PE.Based on the above results,it is implied that SBE is the best of the three methods for extracting C.wilsoniana fruit oil and can be potentially applied to extract other edible oils.

山茱萸多糖提取工艺优化及结构表征

目的:优化微波辅助双水相提取(microwave assisted aqueous two-phase extraction, MATPE)山茱萸多糖工艺并获得均一的山茱萸多糖馏分。方法:通过正交试验获得最佳的MATPE山茱萸多糖的工艺;利用DEAE-52纤维素和Sephadex G-100柱层析法纯化山茱萸多糖粗提物,最终获得单一多糖馏分(COP-2-S)。利用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定COP-2-S分子量;利用气相色谱测定COP-2-S的单糖组成;采用紫外、红外和扫描电镜表征COP-2-S结构。结果:MATPE山茱萸多糖的工艺为微波功率300 W、乙醇体积分数35%、硫酸铵质量分数22%和料液比1∶20 (g/mL),此时山茱萸多糖得率为(12.04±0.17)%。COP-2-S分子量为17 450 Da,单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,其摩尔比为12.85∶30.71∶18.09。结论:COP-2-S在260,280 nm处无特征吸收,且呈无规则的片状结构。

基于细胞膜色谱技术的鹿角胶肽段筛选及鉴定

利用细胞膜色谱/超高相液相色谱-质谱(CMC/UPLC-MS)方法对中药饮片鹿角胶中的有效成分进行筛选,结合Maxquant软件、Perseus软件以及Uniprot数据库对所得谱图进行数据分析,使用Protein Data Bank对分析结果进行结构鉴定,同时采用生物信息学平台对这些肽段的生物活性、不良反应、相对分子质量、等电点、不稳定指数等基本分子特性进行预测。鉴定肽段活性概率为0.09,无毒,无溶血性,有致敏性,相对分子质量为1541.68,肽链长度为14,亲水性为良好,等电点值为3.92,不稳定性指数为34.39。该方法为快速筛选鉴定具有药理作用的多肽和蛋白质等活性成分提供了一条可行的研究思路。

基于JAK2/STAT3信号通路探讨黄芪-山茱萸对高糖诱导足细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:探究黄芪-山茱萸对高糖诱导肾足细胞损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:CCK8法检测黄芪-山茱萸(0、175、350、700、1400、2800 mg/L)对足细胞(MPC-5)活性的影响。30 mmol/L葡萄糖诱导MPC-5细胞损伤,350、700、1400 mg/L黄芪-山茱萸进行干预;ELISA测定MPC-5细胞IL-6、IL-1β水平,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡,免疫荧光染色测定MPC-5肾病蛋白(nephrin)、足细胞素(podocin)表达,qRT-PCR测定MPC-5细胞nephrin、podocin、结蛋白(desmin)、Wilm瘤基因1(WT-1)基因表达,Western blot测定细胞Janus激酶2/信号转导和转录激活因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路磷酸化表达。结果:2800 mg/L黄芪-山茱萸可显著抑制MPC-5细胞活性(P<0.01)。MPC-5细胞经高糖诱导后,IL-6、IL-1β水平升高,凋亡增加,nephrin、podocin、WT-1表达降低,desmin表达升高,JAK2/STAT3信号通路磷酸化表达增加(P<0.01)。350、700、1400 mg/L黄芪-山茱萸可抑制高糖诱导MPC-5细胞IL-6、IL-1β水平升高和凋亡,增强nephrin、podocin、WT-1表达,降低desmin表达,抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路磷酸化表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪-山茱萸可减轻高糖诱导足细胞炎症和凋亡损伤,其机制与抑制JAK2/STAT3通路磷酸化有关。

山茱萸食品的研究进展及开发策略

山茱萸作为一种药食同源物质,具有极高的食用和药用价值,但一直以来作为药物进行研究,其相关食品研发相对较少。对山茱萸在食品领域开发的主要产品进行总结,分析当前研究中存在的问题,并对山茱萸产业的开发提出相应的建议,可为山茱萸的进一步研究与利用提供参考。

新型果蔬可食用复合保鲜膜的制备及其保鲜性能研究

为延长室温下果蔬贮藏期,以草莓为研究对象,壳聚糖、羟乙基纤维素、山茱萸油和CaCl_(2)为膜制剂材料,失重率、可溶性固形物含量和丙二醛含量为评价指标,采用单因素试验和四因素三水平的正交试验,考察复合涂膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响。试验结果表明,1.50%壳聚糖、0.75%羟乙基纤维素、1.20%山茱萸油和1.20%CaCl_(2)制备的复合保鲜膜对草莓的保鲜效果较好,能有效减少果实失重率和可溶性固形物含量损失,有效抑制丙二醛含量的生成和积累。

东京四照花嫩枝扦插繁殖及生根过程中生理指标的动态变化

【目的】研究植物生长调节剂、扦插基质和生长阶段对东京四照花Cornus hongkongensis subsp.tonkinensis嫩枝扦插生根过程中的形态特征和生理生化特性,为东京四照花的繁殖和生产提供科学依据。【方法】以清水处理为对照,对植物生长调节剂种类[生根粉1号(ABT-1)、萘乙酸(NAA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)]、质量浓度(100、300和500 mg·L^(−1))和浸泡时间(30、60和180 min)进行正交设计,采用4种扦插基质[蛭石(S1)、河沙(S2)、V(泥炭土)∶V(蛭石)∶V(珍珠岩)=2∶2∶1(S3)和V(泥炭土)∶V(黄土)=1∶1(S4)],在不同生长阶段(初期、中期和末期)进行嫩枝扦插,统计分析各生根指标,测定生根过程中营养物质质量分数和相关生根酶活性的变化。【结果】①东京四照花插穗生根类型以皮部生根为主,占总生根数的58.60%。②在正交试验中,300 mg·L^(−1)IAA浸泡30 min处理生根率最高(77.78%)。③在扦插基质中,S3基质中插穗生根率和生根指数均最高(82.22%和19.34)。④在生长阶段试验中,生长中期插穗生根率最高(82.22%)。⑤相较于对照,IAA处理有效促进了插穗体内的养分消耗,提高了氧化酶的活性。⑥相关分析表明:生根率与根原基诱导和愈伤形成期间内的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】在生长中期采制的穗条通过300 mg·L^(−1)IAA浸泡30 min,扦插在S3基质中,生根率和生根指数均最高,分别可达82.22%和19.34。

位点特异性PCR鉴别水牛角及其伪品

目的:开发一种针对水牛角的特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴别方法,快速、准确地鉴别水牛角与其他混伪品。方法:通过比对水牛、黄牛、牦牛、山羊等动物的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列差异,筛选水牛的特异性单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,设计出相应的鉴别引物,并对影响PCR体系的相关条件进行优化,考察验证方法的耐受性和适用性。结果:PCR条件为扩增体系20μL、退火温度60℃、循环次数32次、DNA模板量为100 ng、10μmol·L^(-1)正反引物对各0.8μL时,使用设计的鉴别引物SN1对水牛角进行PCR扩增,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后出现约358 bp的特异性条带,其他物种的样品均无条带出现。结论:该PCR鉴别方法特异性好,能迅速、准确地鉴别水牛角和其他常见动物角类样品,为水牛角的真伪鉴别提供参考。

鹿角胶体内分布及入血入骨成分的示踪动力学分析

背景:课题组前期研究发现鹿角胶小分子肽能够促进骨生长,对于治疗骨类疾病具有良好的应用前景。然而鹿角胶如何在体内发挥作用以及原理尚未明确。目的:荧光标记及活体示踪技术研究鹿角胶体内靶器官分布动向。方法:使用异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)对鹿角胶进行荧光标记,通过荧光成像、紫外光谱扫描检测标记结果。将标记成功的鹿角胶,通过灌胃注入小鼠体内,通过激光共聚焦显微镜检测鹿角胶吸收入血情况,应用小动物活体成像仪检测鹿角胶在小鼠体内的分布情况。在血清及骨内荧光最强时间点取材,对血清及骨组织蛋白液进行凝胶电泳,通过二级质谱检测确定吸收入靶器官的鹿角胶成分。结果与结论:①葡聚糖凝胶色谱成功分离荧光标志物,荧光成像及紫外光谱扫描证明标记成功,并测得FITC-鹿角胶的荧光取代度为0.953%;②入血成分荧光强度检测结果显示口服2 h后鹿角胶在血清中分布最多;③不同时间小鼠的双侧股骨与胫骨荧光成像显示相同,证明鹿角胶可通过入骨发挥作用;④二级质谱检测对比UniProt数据库发现该肽段为核心蛋白聚糖的特征片段,证明鹿角胶中的核心蛋白聚糖可进入骨内发挥疗效。

红瑞木烂皮病病原鉴定及生物学特性

2022年在东北林业大学校园内发现了一种红瑞木枝干表皮新病害,主要表现为感病枝条产生水渍斑,直至枯黄和脱落。通过单孢分离法获得病原菌后观察比对病原菌形态特征,并利用核糖体DNA基因(ITS)、核糖体大亚基(LSU)和转录延伸因子(Tef1α)3个基因区域构建多基因系统发育树确定病原物,此外还设置了不同培养基、碳氮源、pH值、温度和光照条件对病原菌的生物学特性做出了初步探究。结果表明:引起该病害的病原菌为Cytospora elaeagni,该真菌为弱寄生菌;最佳培养基为PSA,最适于葡萄糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、25℃、pH为7的全黑暗条件下生长,但在24 h光照和12 h光照与12 h黑暗交替条件下可产生更多分生孢子器。

水牛角含巯基类成分解热效应评价研究

目的制备水牛角含巯基类成分(-SH active fractions,SHF),评价其解热效应。方法通过十二烷基硫酸钠-二硫苏糖醇(SDS-DTT)联合提取法制备水牛角SHF,并采用Ellman法测定游离巯基(-SH)浓度;基于nano LC-MS/MS分析表征水牛角SHF物质组成。采用脂多糖(LPS)建立大鼠发热模型评价水牛角SHF解热活性,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)试剂盒测定血浆中前列腺素E 2(PGE 2)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平,测定下丘脑环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、PGE 2、TNF-α的水平;采用非靶向代谢组学的方法,探究水牛角SHF对发热大鼠血浆代谢物干预情况。结果SDS-DTT联合提取法可有效制备水牛角SHF,其中主要成分为含丰富半胱氨酸残基(Cysteine,Cys)的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型角蛋白、角蛋白相关蛋白等,SHF的-SH占蛋白质比例较水牛角水提液提高了约20倍。发热大鼠给予水牛角SHF 0.5 h后大鼠体温显著下降(P<0.01),且解热效应持续4.5 h;同时显著降低血浆及下丘脑PGE 2、IL-1β、TNF-α、cAMP等水平。从空白组与模型组血浆样本中共鉴定出137个潜在差异代谢物,水牛角SHF可回调其中31个代谢物,包括溶血磷脂酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸、甘油三酯、磷脂酰胆碱等,主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢通路。结论水牛角SHF解热效应确切,给药剂量为水提液的1/10即可显示与其相当的解热效应,为水牛角清热功效物质基础研究提供了方向和依据。