Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Corporate Leadership

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming organizational dynamics, and revolutionizing corporate leadership practices. This research paper delves into the question of how AI influences corporate leadership, examining both its advantages and disadvantages. Positive impacts of AI are evident in communication, feedback systems, tracking mechanisms, and decision-making processes within organizations. AI-powered communication tools, as exemplified by Slack, facilitate seamless collaboration, transcending geographical barriers. Feedback systems, like Adobe’s Performance Management System, employ AI algorithms to provide personalized development opportunities, enhancing employee growth. AI-based tracking systems optimize resource allocation, as exemplified by studies like “AI-Based Tracking Systems: Enhancing Efficiency and Accountability.” Additionally, AI-powered decision support, demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, showcases the capability to navigate complex challenges and maintain resilience. However, AI adoption poses challenges in human resources, potentially leading to job displacement and necessitating upskilling efforts. Managing AI errors becomes crucial, as illustrated by instances like Amazon’s biased recruiting tool. Data privacy concerns also arise, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. The proposed solution suggests leveraging Local Machine Learning Models (LLMs) to address data privacy issues. Approaches such as federated learning, on-device learning, differential privacy, and homomorphic encryption offer promising strategies. By exploring the evolving dynamics of AI and leadership, this research advocates for responsible AI adoption and proposes LLMs as a potential solution, fostering a balanced integration of AI benefits while mitigating associated risks in corporate settings.

Corporate governance and financing decisions by Saudi companies

This paper aims to contribute to the corporate governance literature in emerging economies by examining the effect of some corporate governance mechanisms on financing decisions in Saudi Arabian listed companies. A multiple regression model is used to examine the association between financing decisions and corporate governance mechanisms for a sample of 37 listed Saudi companies. In particular, we examine the effect of board size, ownership concentration and corporate governance reporting on the debt-to-equity ratio. Corporate governance reporting is measured by the content analysis approach. After controlling for companies＇ profitability and their growth opportunities, we found that both board size and ownership concentration are positively associated with debt-to-equity ratio. We limit our analysis to a small sample of firms that use the internet to communicate corporate governance information between October 2005 and January 2006. The findings suggest that managers are likely to choose higher financial leverage when they have stronger corporate governance （large number of directors on the board and higher ownership concentration）. However, we did not find any statistical association between corporate governance disclosure and debt-to-equity ratio. This suggests that firm＇s asymmetric information is not an important driver of the financing decision of Saudi Arabian companies. This might be due to the nature of the Saudi business environment. We strongly believe that this paper provides a novel contribution to the existing literature as we are the first to examine this issue in Saudi Arabia.

Re-Discussion on the Financial Boundaries for Corporate Merger and Acquisition Decisions

This paper discusses the acquiring methods of corporatemerger and acquisition,defines the financial boundariesof negotiation for both an acquirer and an acquiree,de-velops a new analyzing model to determine the financialboundary for the M&A decision.The paper also putsforward the negotiation range of transferring price andcondition for the acquirer and acquiree by quantitativeanalysis.In the end,the peper points out that it is prof-itable for both of the acquirer and acquiree to implementacquisition in the range of financial boundaries.

An Optimized Method for Accounting Information in Logistic Systems

In the era of rapid information development,with the popularity of computers,the advancement of science and technology,and the ongoing expansion of IT technology and business,the enterprise resource planning(ERP)system has evolved into a platform and a guarantee for the fulfilment of company management procedures after long-term operations.Because of developments in information technology,most manual accounting procedures are being replaced by computerized Accounting Information Systems(AIS),which are quicker and more accurate.The primary factors influencing the decisions of logistics firm trading parties are investigated in order to enhance the design of decision-supporting modules and to improve the performance of logistics enterprises through AIS.This paper proposed a novel approach to calculate the weights of each information element in order to establish their important degree.The main purpose of this research is to present a quantitative analytic approach for determining the important information of logistics business collaboration response.Furthermore,the idea of total orders and the significant degrees stated above are used to identify the optimal order of all information elements.Using the three ways of marginal revenue,marginal cost,and business matching degree,the information with cumulative weights is which is deployed to form the data from the intersection of the best order.It has the ability to drastically reduce the time and effort required to create a logistics business control/decision-making system.

The Design of Intelligent Corporate E-commerce System

The paper shows how to design and implement an inte ll igent e-commerce system for medium or small enterprises. The corporate intranet is connected with Internet, which constitutes the hardware of the system. The s ystem adopts modern voice-identification technology for user authentication to enable secure access to key databases and thus enhance the security of system da tabases. The software system consists of four modules: 1. Corporate website and advertisement information system, intending for updatin g online advertisement, collecting and analyzing market research information. 2. Employee technology training and assessment system, including a variety of co urses containing technology, technique and management and so on. Login the training system, employees are able to study courses of technology or technique or others. The training system adopts modern multimedia E-Learning te chnology and in fact it is an innovative education method, which includes self- study, tutorship and lecture. It is able to help employees enjoy their learning. Employees can take simulative exams, and managers can test employees onlin e periodically. 3. Corporate decision-making management system, calculating and analyzing the o peration, predicting future development, facilitating communication between mana gers and employees. It provides valuable foundation for decisions, which enables managers to make strategic decisions and scientific management. 4. E-commerce online transaction system, which facilitates material purchase an d product sale. By using intelligent e-commerce system, corporations will enhance the employee’ s skills and management level, reduce production cost, promote product sale , and thus strengthen corporation’s market competitiveness effectively.

A Decision Support System for Analyzing and Evaluating Merger and Acquisition Strategies

A computer aided decision support system (merger and acquisition analyzing and evaluating-decision support system (MAAE-DSS)) for analyzing and evaluating corporate merger and acquisition (M&A) strategies, was proposed. Strategic management tools such as scale index-market growth rate matrix (S-M matrix), industrial attraction-corporate strength matrix (I-S matrix), market growth rate-market occupancy matrix (G-O matrix), and life cycle-competitive position matrix (L-C matrix), were applied in the MAAE-DSS with its own data base (DB), model base (MB), method base (MeB), and knowledge base (KB), in order to support the management bureau in the formulation of M&A strategies.

An Empirical Test of Optimism Bias in Capital Budgeting Decisions

Behavioral finance is a field that is scrutinizing the adequacy of traditional financial theories using insights from the disciplines of psychology and sociology. Many studies within its realm test the stock market behaviors, and behavioral phenomena are still to be tested in the area of corporate finance. This study aims to contribute to the behavioral corporate finance literature by a research in one of the psychological phenomena affecting the decision makers＇ abilities to reach conclusions rationally. In this study, it is aimed to investigate one of the biases, namely, the optimism bias in corporate capital budgeting decisions. Optimism in decision making can be associated with estimating lower costs and higher revenues. Thus, by assessing the forecasts of decision makers, the existence of optimism in their decisions is tried to be seen. This study aims at contributing to the literature in that it is conducted in an emerging country like Turkey.

Corporate R&D and Creditor Value: A Contingency Perspective

This study investigates the relationship between corporate R&D and creditor value.The empirical results suggest that such relationship is contingent on the situations of existing R&D investment and institutional arrangement of corporate governance.We find that R&D investment increases creditor value when insufficient R&D threatens survival,while reduces creditor value when such threat is mitigated.Moreover,such curvilinear relationship is mainly driven by firms with relatively weak managerial entrenchment.Hypotheses are tested with 98 U.S.listed firms in manufacturing sector over 2001-2007.

OPENING UP NEW HORIZONS IN OUR R&D WORK BY IMPLEMENTING THE PARTY'S DECISION TO SPEED UP CHINA'S S&T PROGRESS

The 1990s is a key historical decade in the process of China’s on-going modernization drive.When reviewing the overall picture of the socio-economic trend and S&T development around the world during the last two decades,we may reach the conclusion that a new technological revolution is taking shape.For both the developed and the developing countries,challenges and opportunities are close at hand.In the Decision to Speed up China’s S&T Progress Jointly Issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.a developmen-

Research on Real-World Evidence and Application in EU and Its Enlightment to China

Objective To analyze the research and application status of real-world evidence(RWE)in the European Union(EU)and provide a reference for China’s government.Methods By consulting the policy guidelines issued by EU EMA and the documents of European countries at home and abroad,the basic principles and case notes of EU RWE implementation were comprehensively analyzed.Results and Conclusion Research on RWE in EU is mainly carried out from four aspects:R&D decision,application of expanded trial certificate,medical insurance decision,and supervision decision,which plays an important role in the progress of European clinical medicine.Therefore,researchers in China should draw lessons from these four perspectives and design reasonable research directions and programs.

企业数字化转型如何影响现金股利政策:“信息面”还是“资金面”

近年来,数字化转型已成为企业高质量发展的必由之路,数字化转型是否以及如何影响企业财务决策成为一个新兴而重要的研究话题。本文以2010—2020年A股上市公司为样本,基于现金股利视角对此展开研究。结果表明,企业数字化转型显著降低了现金股利,其作用路径为“资金面”(改变资金安排),而非“信息面”(改变业绩预期与透明度)。具体而言,存在两种效应支持“资金面”作用路径。其一为“挤出”效应,它表现为企业数字化转型不仅需要在其中投入大量资金,还通过提高并购、研发等投资支出“挤出”现金股利。在该效应下,数字化转型对现金股利的负向作用仅在成长型、非国有等资金相对紧张的企业中显著。其二为“替代”效应,它表现为企业数字化转型通过提高代理效率,对现金股利的治理功能产生替代,使企业出于节约资金的目的削减现金股利。在该效应下,数字化转型对现金股利的负向作用仅在内外部监督较强的企业中显著。进一步研究发现,数字化转型促使企业将更多的留存收益用于非股利支出,这再次验证了“资金面”作用路径。总之,本文全面地分析了企业数字化转型对现金股利政策的影响及其理论解释,在理论上为企业数字化转型以及股利政策研究提供了新视角,在实践上则有助于企业数字化转型与财务决策的统筹安排,促进数字经济健康发展。

基于熵权约束DEA的城市更新项目投标决策研究

近年来,随着我国城市更新进程加快,众多企业希望通过投标城市更新项目拓展市场,而投标决策的完善不仅能帮助其提升中标概率,更是企业集中优势投资的重要路径.论文在分析城市更新项目特征的基础上,从文献与专家访谈中识别城市更新项目投标决策影响因素,以项目、企业、招标方、竞争环境四个维度构建投标决策指标体系.运用熵权法和DEA方法构建城市更新项目投标决策模型,并通过实际案例分析来验证投标决策模型的合理性,从而为企业进行城市更新项目投标决策提供辅助.

企业形象对住宅购买意愿的影响机制研究

为探究企业形象对住宅购买意愿的影响机制,构建了以企业形象为自变量,顾客参与、购买决策涉入、感知价值为中介变量,购买意愿为因变量的结构方程模型。对沈阳市部分居民进行了问卷调查,运用SPSS 22.0软件和AMOS 24.0软件对366个有效样本进行了数据分析。实证结果表明:企业形象、购买决策涉入和感知价值均与住宅购买意愿存在正向相关关系;顾客参与对住宅购买意愿的直接影响不显著;顾客参与、购买决策涉入和感知价值在此影响机制中能产生中介作用。

考虑企业社会责任的物流服务供应链决策

在总结分析已有研究成果的基础上,以成本量化企业社会责任(CSR),将物流服务集成商的CSR承担行为引入二级物流服务供应链决策研究中,探讨不同权力结构下集成商承担CSR前后物流服务供应链(LSSC)均衡结果的变化以及权力结构对决策的影响,判断占优权力结构。研究表明,集成商承担CSR会使物流服务水平、批发价、市场价、需求量以及集成商与提供商各自的利润都增加,这种变化在三种渠道权力下保持一致;在集成商承担CSR时,物流服务水平、CSR承担水平、物流需求量以及LSSC总利润在双方权力对等时最优。

基于CIF的银行分析型CRM系统的研究与设计

分析型客户关系管理系统(ACRM)的决策支持能力是CRM实施成功的关键。首先讨论了当前银行分析型客户关系管理数据仓库系统存在的问题,然后介绍了企业信息工厂(CIF)理论的原理、主要部件和对CRM的决策支持能力,提出了一种改进的三层ACRM体系结构模型,并从体系结构和决策支持能力两个方面探讨了基于CIF的银行分析型CRM数据仓库系统的设计与实施,最后讨论了其应用。

数字化转型对企业并购的影响研究——主并方数字化赋能视角

以沪深A股上市公司为样本,基于主并方数字化赋能视角,实证研究数字化转型对企业并购的影响。研究发现,数字化转型企业发起了更多的并购活动,并取得了更高的并购绩效。进一步研究发现,数字化转型在企业并购中发挥信息效应与治理效应,当信息环境较差时,数字化转型对并购决策和并购绩效影响更强,当并购代理冲突较高时,数字化转型企业取得了更高的并购绩效。此外,数字化转型显著增加并购支付溢价,这是由于数字化转型为并购带来了更多元的融资方式。数字化转型能缩短并购交易时长,提高并购成功率。此外,被并方数字化转型程度越高,发生并购的概率越高且并购绩效越好。研究结论有利于深入理解数字化转型对企业并购的影响,对评估数字化转型经济效益、提高企业并购效率具有重要意义。

基于SE-DEA的电力企业效率评估

针对传统数据包络分析(DEA)模型不能对有效决策单元做进一步比较的现实情况,文章引入了重新定义生产可能集的SE-DEA模型,创造性地克服了传统模型的这一缺点,实现了对所有决策单元的充分评价与排序。接着以沪深股市火力发电上市公司为例进行实证,在论证它们符合SE-DEA模型应用假设条件的基础上,验证了该模型在评价企业效率方面的有效性。

两零售商竞争下考虑企业社会责任投入的供应链决策研究

处于供应链的末端,直接面向市场的零售商面临激烈的市场竞争。供应链中零售商之间的竞争普遍存在,零售价格是竞争的主要决定因素,除了价格,由于当前的动态和市场环境,零售商必须采用更复杂的策略来竞争,而不是简单地降低零售价格。零售商还必须考虑一些非价格因素,如进行企业社会责任投入(Corporate Social Responsibility,CSR)。今天的人们对CSR的认知渐深,企业正通过不同的方式履行CSR。文章研究两个竞争型零售商在不同的CSR投入模式下供应链最优定价决策,首先,构建分散决策下,两零售商考虑不同CSR投入模式的博弈模型。接着,对比分析了各模式下供应链成员的最优决策,探讨了CSR投入水平在供应链定价决策中的作用,总结出最优的CSR投入策略。

宏观经济环境对企业融资决策的动态影响研究

本文从总体视角研究了我国宏观经济环境变化对于企业融资决策的动态影响,从个体视角研究了这一影响的作用机制,进一步探讨了地区金融发展水平和融资约束带来的影响差异。研究结果表明:从总体视角,在宏观经济环境变化的恢复阶段,企业偏好内部融资;在扩张阶段,企业偏好债权融资;在衰退阶段,企业偏好股权融资;在紧缩阶段,企业偏好短期债权融资。从个体视角,宏观经济环境会通过影响企业的托宾Q和内部现金流来影响企业的债权和股权融资。宏观经济环境对于企业融资决策的影响也会因地区金融发展水平和融资约束的不同存在差异。本文提出,建立多层次的股票市场和债券市场、采取精准匹配的信贷政策、推出更多直达实体经济的货币政策工具对于推动金融供给侧结构性改革、支持实体经济高质量发展具有十分重要的意义。

Talent Policy,R&D Personnel Recruitment and Corporate Innovation

This paper analyzes the impact of talent policy on the R&D personnel recruitment and corporate innovation.The research is based on more than 5.8 million online recruitments from listed companies from 2017 to 2018.The study makes five principal findings.Firstly,companies affected by talent policy have significantly increased the number of R&D personnel recruited.Secondly,at the policy level,the incentive effect varies according to different levels of talent policy subsidies and threshold requirements,with more significant effects observed where subsidies are higher and threshold requirements are lower.Thirdly,at the enterprise level,the incentive effect is more significant for high-tech enterprises,better-governance companies,and non-state-owned enterprises.Fourthly,at the city level,the incentive effect is more significant in cities with better economic development,higher administrative levels,and better scientific research support environments.Finally,after the introduction of talent policy,there have been significant improvements in enterprises'R&D investment,patent output and R&D efficiency.In terms of R&D personnel recruitment,this paper provides micro-level evidence for the influence effect,and identifies specific mechanisms and boundary conditions of talent policy on corporate innovation.It expands the research on the influence effect of government and institutional factors on corporate innovation.In addition,it provides reference for accelerating the building up of a talent-strong country,deepening the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and realizing economic transformation and upgrading.