Cytotoxic Lesions of the Corpus Callosum (CLOCCs) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in West Africa (Côte d’Ivoire)

Background: Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) represent a collection of disparate conditions that can cause a signal change in the corpus callosum, usually involving the splenium. CLOCCs is present in a variety of disorders, such as cerebral infarction, bleeding, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, glioblastoma, lymphoma, metabolic diseases, and infections. Since 2020, World Health Organization (W.H.O) defined Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Numerous CLOCCs cases have been reported in adults in particular in Japan, in China, and recently in children in Turkey associated with SARS-CoV-2. We report the first case of CLOCCs diagnosed in West Africa (Côte d’Ivoire) in an adult associated with SARS-CoV-2. Case Report: A 60 year-old-woman with a medical history of high blood pressure and diabetes, presented to the emergency department with confusion without fever. Neurological examination was normal apart from temporospatial disorientation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Forty-eight hours (48 h) after admission, the patient experienced a fever (temperature: 385˚C), several episodes of hypoglycemia (capillary blood glycemia levels below 0.5 g/l) and a dry cough. Lung CT imaging showed typical features with ground-glass opacities. Oropharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 on reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The clinical course was favorable. One month after disease onset, a follow-up Brain MRI showed considerable regression of SCC abnormal signal. The multiple episodes of hypoglycemia and SARS-COV 2 infection were incriminated as the causal factors. Conclusion: The improvement of the technical platform in our context of work gives us the possibility to identify the etiological factors of this rare clinico-radiological entity.

Risk Prediction Model for Surgical Treatment of Ruptured Corpus Luteum in the Ovary

Objective: To explore the related factors of surgical treatment of patients with corpus luteum rupture and establish a risk prediction model of surgical treatment of corpus luteum rupture. Methods: 222 patients with corpus luteum rupture treated in Jingzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2015 to March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively, including 45 cases of surgery and 177 cases of conservative treatment. The training set and validation set were randomly assigned according to 7:3. We collected the basic information, laboratory and ultrasonic examination data of 222 patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors and combined predictors of surgical treatment of corpus luteum rupture. The risk prediction model was established and the nomogram was drawn. The discrimination and calibration of the prediction model were verified and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test;Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the prediction model. Results: Univariate logistic regression showed that whole abdominal pain (OR: 2.314, 95% CI: 1.090 - 4.912), abdominal muscle tension (OR: 2.379, 95% CI: 1.112 - 5.089), adnexal mass ≥ 4 cm (OR: 3.926, 95% CI: 1.771 - 8.266), hemoglobin Conclusion: The nomogram prediction model containing three predictive variables (hemoglobin, depth of pelvic effusion under ultrasound and cervical lifting pain) can be used to predict the risk of surgical treatment in patients with corpus luteum rupture.

基于Corpus库的词语相似度计算方法

构建了一个语义关联库,称为Corpus库,该库使用词语空间和关系空间结构化地存储了词语和其上下文之间的统计信息,并通过阅读大量的预料数据来训练其相关数据。详细介绍了Corpus库的训练方法,并对训练过程中出现的大量关系提出了裁剪方案。在此基础上,通过构建词语的上下文关系向量提出了一种词语相似度算法。实验证明这是一种有效的对词语相似度进行计算的方法。

Corpus Linguistics Facilitates English Teaching

Corpus linguistics has been widely applied in English teaching. Corpus linguistics has changed the way to teach English.The essay discusses two approaches in English teaching based on corpus,corpus-driven approach and corpus-based approach. It finds out that both corpus-driven approach and corpus-based approach facilitate English teaching in their own ways.

Application of correlation techniques in the analysis of corpus cavernosum electromyographic signals

Aim： To establish an objective, easy-to-use and comprehensive method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyo- graphic signals （CC-potentials）. Methods： CC-potentials were recorded during flaccidity in 23 young healthy volunteers, with surface electrodes placed on the penile shaft bilaterally. Based on the correlation function of Matlab software, an application program for the analysis of CC-potentials was developed. Individual CC-potentials and their autocorrelation function were evaluated, yielding parameters amplitude （A）, duration （D）, and dominant frequency （DF）. The crosscorrelation function of both longitudinal and bilateral pairs of adjacent electrodes was calculated to assess the similar- ity and mutual delay of CC-potentials recorded simultaneously from different parts of the CC. The parameters derived were squared maximum cross-correlation coefficient （Rmax） and delay （τ）. Based on the absolute value of τ and the corresponding inter-electrode distance, propagation velocity （PV） was calculated. Results. The values of the parameters were determined automatically. No significant difference related to the locations of the electrodes for parameters A, D, and DF was detected. The cross-correlation showed that both longitudinal and bilateral CC-potential pairs had highly similar waveforms （the absolute values of Rmax were 0.80 ± 0.05 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively）. PV of longitudinal pairs was estimated as 6.15 ± 3.98 cm/s. Conclusion： The application program for correlation analysis of CC-potentials is a comprehensive and versatile method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyographic recordings. Its objectiveness makes multi-center application possible.

An Investigation into the Role of Corpus Linguistics in Language Teaching

This article explores the features of corpus linguistics and its implication for language teaching. Through literature review, this paper points out that corpus linguistics plays an important role in the three major sections in language teaching, namely, materials development, classroom activities and language testing. In addition, the role of learner corpus in language teaching is also explored. The challenges facing the application of corpus linguistics into language teaching is finally discussed.

A Corpus-based Study on "However" in Chinese Learners' Writing

The use of "however" by Chinese learners' writing is studied through a comparison of its use in CLEC and in BROWN and found that "however" is overused in the front of a sentence,underused in the middle of a sentence and misused as a disjunctive conjunction,as is followed by the analysis of three attributable factors,i.e.the writing style,confusion with "but" and negative L1 transfer.

Corpus-Based Study of Swearing in Spoken British English

Swearing constitutes an important part of daily language use. However, despite several previous studies with foci on the social and cultural characteristics of swearwords, a large part of it remains to be investigated. With the abundant spoken language resources from British National Corpus(BNC), this article observes the pragmatic and collocational features of swearwords. Three social variables, namely, social class, speech domain, and gender were put under investigation to see how the use of swearwords varies with different speech social contexts. Meanwhile, the noun and adjective collocates of several frequent swearwords were separately sorted out and discussed. The data observed show that the use of swearwords is highly related to different social contexts, and there exits certain level of differentiation between different swearwords used as intensifiers which can be generalized lexicographically.

Corpus Linguistics and its Application in ELT

The use of corpus linguistics in ELT has become a new tendency.At the beginning,a historical retrospect is given to clarify the historical development of corpus linguistics.Afterwards,the various definitions of corpus linguistics are discussed in detail,and a personal perspective is put forward after citing the dispute about corpus linguistics.In the second place,the four criteria of a corpus are classified.Meanwhile,four characteristics of corpus linguistics are enumerated.In the last place,the oversea and domestic applications of corpus linguistics in ELT are listed,and Data-Driven Learning is presented as a typical example.

Chinese College Students' Use of Copular Verbs——A Corpus-based Study

Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners under-use copular verbs; 2) Chinese college English learners select a limited variety of copular verbs; 3) Types of complement after most copular verbs used by Chinese college English learners lack variety; 4) Chinese college English learners use less various and more simpler complements than native speakers.

Mini-corpus Based Analysis of Errors in Higher Vocational College Students' Writing

Errors are of significance to language learners in that they are unavoidable and necessary part of learning. We collect120 HVC students' in-class compositions. Writing errors are identified,marked and annotated in line with the error tagging system used by Gui in CLEC. A mini-corpus is created and tokens are counted and analyzed with SPSS. A factor analysis together with follow-up interview is made to figure out if common factors can account for certain types of errors.

Corpus Analysis of the Various Errors Made by the Student

The software Wordsmith has been commonly used in corpus linguistics.In this paper,the author used the tool of Concord in Wordsmith to analyze various errors made by a student.Five passages made by the students are used.After annotating on the errors,the author uses Concord to sort out each error maker and made classification chart of the errors.All the errors are classified into two categories:errors caused by carelessness and by language ability.After analyzing,there are mainly three kinds of errors and in the first category and five kinds of errors in the second category.

A Corpus-based Analysis of Adjective/Noun Collocationwith Big and Large as Examples

Adopting the corpus-based approach, this paper analyzes the adjective/noun collocation with two English words big and large as examples by comparing data from Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC) and those from native speaker corpora British National Corpus (BNC). It is observed that collocates chosen by Chinese students differ greatly from those chosen by native speakers, on the basis of which this paper compares and illustrates the differences of these words and aims to highlight the important role of the corpus-based collocational research in English vocabulary teaching.

Introduction to an Interlanguage Corpus-WECCL 2.0

Authentic and objective material with regard to a certain language is the bare necessity and premise of any kind of linguistic research and then on the basis of the data, corpus-based approach, which is also addressed as a performance-based approach, has been involved in almost every corner of linguistics. Thus far, it is hardly surprising that some typical Corpora are essential for contemporary Chinese EFL's study. WECCL 2.0, as a representative of interlanguage corpus, is introduced in this paper.

Corpus-based Study on the use of "really" in Chinese Students' Writing

This corpus-based study aims to explore if the high frequently used word "really" is at a risk of overused,underused or misused in the writing of Chinese learners.Then draw attention on English learning and teaching and raise learners' awareness of the structural and collocation complexity of words.

Chinese EFL Teachers' Attitudes toward Corpus Use in Collocation Instruction

The purpose of the present study was to investigate Chinese EFL(English as a Foreign Language)teachers’attitudes toward corpus use in collocation instruction.Fourteen Chinese EFL teachers from seven different colleges or universities answered a questionnaire asking their perceptions about corpus use in collocation instruction.The statistical analysis revealed that significant difference(t=2.449,df.=9,p=.037<0.1)was found between males and females in their perception of the learnability of the searching technique in collocation corpus.Besides,the result also revealed that significant differences were found between novice and experienced teachers’perception of helpfulness of corpus in writing native-like sentences(t=5.75,df=11,p<0.1),identifying collocation errors in English(t=5.75,df=11,p<0.1),usefulness of corpus in searching for English collocations(t=2.93,df=12,p<0.1),and advocacy of corpus to colleagues(t=5.75,df=11,p<0.1).Finally,some pedagogical implications were put forward.

一种基于WordNet和Corpus Statistics的语义相似性计算方法

提出一种新的基于WordNet和文本集语义参数IC的计算方法,通过综合考虑概念在WordNet中语义信息以及数据集中的概率信息,即概念的自信息,同时利用新的参数考虑概念对在WordNet中的共享信息,设计了一种通用的概念语义相似性计算方法,该方法简化了传统语义相似性算法,并解决了语义相似性计算领域的相关问题,可以应用在信息抽取、信息检索、文档分类及本体学习中.领域通用的数据集R&B数据实验结果表明,该方法在计算语义相似度问题上有效。

Incidence and mortality of corpus uteri cancer in China,2008-2012

Objective: To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer in China using 2008-2012 data from the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China.Methods: We analyzed 2008-2012 data from 135 cancer registries using NCCR screening methods and criteria.The Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population were applied to determine age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. The annual percentage change(APC) in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.Results: The crude incidence of corpus uteri cancer was 9.58/100,000, making corpus uteri cancer the ninth most common malignancy in females. The crude mortality was 2.97/100,000, making corpus uteri cancer the 13 th leading cause of death from malignant tumors in females. The incidence was higher in urban than in rural areas, but the mortality was higher in rural than in urban areas. The crude incidence was higher in eastern areas than in middle and western areas, while the crude mortality was higher in middle areas than in eastern and western areas.During 2003-2012, the age-standardized incidence rate based on the Chinese standard population in 2000(ASIRC)with uterine cancer increased significantly by 3.0% annually, while the age-standardized mortality rate based on the Chinese standard population in 2000(ASMRC) decreased by 0.4% annually, but the decrease was not statistically significant. The APC in incidence rate in the age groups of 30-44 years was 4.2%, which was statistically significant;increases/decreases in other age groups were not statistically significant. From 2003 to 2004, the age groups of 60-74 years showed high incidence, while from 2005 to 2012, the age groups of 45-59 years had high incidence.Conclusions: The incidence and mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer in China from 2008 to 2012 were relatively low compared with other countries. However, the significant increase in incidence rates and marked decrease in patient age suggest the need to strengthen China’s efforts toward prevention and control of corpus uteri cancer.

Effect of tankyrase 1 on autophagy in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells from ageing rats with erectile dysfunction and its potential mechanism

This study compared tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity between erectile dysfunction （ED） and non-ED rats＇ corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells （CSMCs）. This study aslo explored the effect and possible mechanism of tankyrase 1 on autophagy and cell proliferation in ageing ED rats＇ CSMCs. The intracavernous pres- sure and mean systemic arterial pressure were measured to investigate erectile function so that eight 24-month-old ED and eight 8-month-old male Wistar rats were choosed respectively. The rat CSMCs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion, in which tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity were compared. Tankyrase 1 over-expression was induced with plasmid transfection by Lipofectamine^TM. The effect of tankyrase 1 overexpression on proliferation, autophagy and mTOR pathway in 24-month-old ED rats＇ CSMCs was measured by the cell growth curve in MTT assay, cell cycle analysis in flow cytometry （FCM）, key protein expression in Western blot, autophagy quantity in transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 fluorescence. The primary CSMCs were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and the purity was 99.1% in FCM. Compared with that of 8-month-old rats, tankyrase 1 expression and autophagy quantity significantly decreased in 24-month-old ED rats＇ primary CSMCs （P 〈 0.01）. Tankyrase 1 overexpression significantly increased the growth rate （P 〈 0.05） and increased the S phase of cell cycle （P 〈 0.01）. The autophagosome quantity was remarkably increased （P 〈 0.01）, LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin 1 were upregulated （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05）, and p-p70S6K （Thr389） was downregulated in 24-month-old ED rat CSMCs （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, Tankyrase 1 and autophagy decrease in the CSMCs from aging rats with ED, and tankyrase 1 may have a positive effect on proliferation by enhancing autophagy and regulating the mTOR signalling pathway.

Magnetic resonance evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cells in corpus cavernosa of rats and rabbits

Aim： To investigate whether the biological process of superparamagnetic iron oxide （SPIO）-labeled human mesenchymal stem cells （hMSCs） may be monitored non-invasively by using in vivo magnetic resonance （MR） imaging with conventional 1.5-T system examinations in corpus cavernosa of rats and rabbits. Methods： The labeling efficiency and viability of SP10-labeled hMSCs were examined with Prussian blue and Tripan blue, respectively. After SPIO-labeled hMSCs were transplanted to the corpus cavernosa of rats and rabbits, serial T2-weighted MR images were taken and histological examinations were carried out over a 4-week period. Results： hMSCs loaded with SPIO compared to unlabeled cells had a similar viability. For SPIO-labeled hMSCs more than lx 105 concentration in vitro, MR images showed a decrease in signal intensity. MR signal intensity at the areas of SPIO-labeled hMSCs in the rat and rabbit corpus cavernosa decreased and was confined locally. After injection of SPIO-labeled hMSCs into the corpus cavernosum, MR imaging demonstrated that hMSCs could be seen for at least 12 weeks after injection. The presence of iron was confirmed with Prussian blue staining in histological sections. Conclusion： SP10-labeled hMSCs in corpus cavernosa of rats and rabbits can be evaluated non-invasively by molecular MR imaging. Our findings suggest that MR imaging has the ability to test the long-term therapeutic potential of hMSCs in animals in the setting of erectile dysfunction.