A Non-intrusive Correction Algorithm for Classification Problems with Corrupted Data

A novel correction algorithm is proposed for multi-class classification problems with corrupted training data.The algorithm is non-intrusive,in the sense that it post-processes a trained classification model by adding a correction procedure to the model prediction.The correction procedure can be coupled with any approximators,such as logistic regression,neural networks of various architectures,etc.When the training dataset is sufficiently large,we theoretically prove(in the limiting case)and numerically show that the corrected models deliver correct classification results as if there is no corruption in the training data.For datasets of finite size,the corrected models produce significantly better recovery results,compared to the models without the correction algorithm.All of the theoretical findings in the paper are verified by our numerical examples.

The Corruption and Collapse of the Old Southern Traditional Values in The Sound and the Fury

The Sound and the Fury is the novel which Faulkner spent the most effort and is the writer's favourite book. The title of this book is taken from Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth, implying the multiple themes of the novel. One theme is to discuss the corruption and collapse of the old southern traditional values through the description of the Compson family's corruption and the decline of southern plantation economy. In the novel, Faulkner seeks the way out for American south during the transformation period though the figures he created, but no one is successful in getting out of the bad influence of the Old South.

Handling Corruption in International Commercial Arbitration

Corruption is defined as abuse of entrusted power for private gain.~①Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2014 shows that among 175 countries/territories in the world,"not one single country gets a perfect score and more than two-thirds score below50,on a scale from 0(highly corrupt)to 100(very clean)".~②The sectors most seriously affected by corruption include public procurement,construction and estate,energy,pharmaceutical and health care,transportation,etc.

Corpus-Based Approach on Stylistic Features in Mark Twain's Novel——Taking The Man That Corrupted Hadlyburg as One Example

Mark Twain, the founder of critical realism in the United States, is a famous master of short story in the world. He experienced the process from American liberal capitalism to imperialism. The writing style is also changed from funny to pessimistic. His works have been translated into many languages and highly praised by readers and media all over the word. One of his novels, the classic novel The Man that Corrupted Hedlyburg by Mark Twain. Its plot is designable and the description of psychology is profound. It is known as the treasure of Mark Twain's works. Various literary critical analyses on this story have been made from different perspectives; however, there is no complete and thorough analysis on it from the perspective of corpus-based stylistics.In order to achieve this target, an observed corpus and a reference corpus are both built. The observed corpus is the electronic text of The Man while the reference corpus consists of four electronic texts of Mark Twain. In this research, three softwares, AntConc,WordSmith Tools and UAM CorpusTool, are applied. This thesis conducts a systemic stylistics analysis to the corpus-based approach of The Man That Corrupted Hadlyburg at three levels, lexical level, syntactic level, discourse level. At last it summarizes theprevious study and points out the main purpose of the thesis. And in the meantime, the limitation exists in the thesis and the suggestions for the subsequent exploration are also concluded. It is hoped that this study will help English learners to better understand and appreciate the meaning and aesthetic value of the text.

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

Causes of Corruption in China's Rural Areas in the New Period and Countermeasures

In the new period,corruption in China's rural areas is becoming increasingly prominent. There is frequent occurrence of violation of laws and disciplines,such as the use of power for personal gain,and corruption and bribery. Main causes for the corruption in China's rural areas include imperfect rural supervision mechanism,imperfect financial system,and low crime cost. How to deal with the increasingly serious corruption situation is a topic faced at present and in the future. It is required to continue to reinforce the democratic supervision and education of village cadres,improve the comprehensive quality of villagers,and increase the crackdown and punishment of corrupt practices,so as to guarantee healthy operation of rural authorities.

System Factors for Land Corruption in China

In China,institutional factors for the land corruption include:(i)implementation of land policy lacking proper security mechanism;(ii)weak supervision system;(iii)vacancy in supervision due to dual land management system;(iv)corruption of land finance resulted from system of tax allocation;(v)imperfect land management system;(vi)poor coordination between central and local government in land policy;(vii)unreasonable land allocation system;(viii)vacancy in unified procedure and standard of land transfer.In view of these factors,this paper came up with pertinent countermeasures:(i)improving land operation mechanism and establishing sunshine land market;(ii)improving corresponding supervision mechanism and verification system;(iii)taking advantage of the audit system.

Problems and Causes of Land Corruption in China

In recent years,the land corruption in China is very serious. The amount of corruption cases is high,the links involved are various,harbor cases and fraud cases are many,the corruption subjects are mainly concentrated in government officials with high administrative level.The causes for land corruption include objective corruption opportunities and subjective corruption motivations. Only when information on land transfer is made public and accepted by the public,can it play a role in preventing land corruption.

Corruption in Organizations in a Materialistic Social Context:How to Make People Aware of Its Criminal Character Through a Feeling of Guilt

In a materialistic social context,resorting to corruption to achieve one’s self is a behavioral scheme by members of organizations.The strong positive valence accorded to this phenomenon makes it necessary to wonder about how to bring the corrupters to become aware of the criminal character of corruption?Based on a study carried out with 500 Cameroonian civil servants,it is a matter,after having detected the level of awareness of the criminal nature of corruption,of detecting the factors behind this state of affairs and developing a strategy aimed at triggering the guilt of staff in the face of acts of corruption.

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

Deepening Reform of the Supervisory System to Intensify the Fight Against Corruption

FIGHTING against corruption according to the law is a hallmark of China’s anti-corruption campaign since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),convened in 2012;and creating a sound,law-based supervisory system is a key focus and task of China’s efforts to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and comprehensively advance law-based governance.In 2018,both the government and the CPC stepped up the formulation of laws and Party regulations for the fight against corruption.

Crime against Humanity<br/>—Uncovering Two Decades of Corruption in the FDA Regarding DMD Treatment

The world needs to know the facts as to how the FDA “protects” the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human drugs and biological products for human use. Recent uproar has surfaced over the FDA’s approval process on the unproven Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) drug, Exondys 51 (Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA), but what many people do not know are the unlawful events that occurred nearly two decades ago on a proven and promising treatment for DMD.

Influence of the Gender of Business Managers on Corporate Corruption in Emerging Countries

The influence of the gender of business managers in emerging countries on the corruption behaviors of a firm is studied on the basis of firm-level data from World Bank.It is discovered that women’s participation in management is directly proportional to the possibility of corporate corruption.In view of the Theoretical Analysis system,due to the poorly standardized market systems and policy environments in emerging countries,the corruption level of firms in emerging countries is higher.Meanwhile,due to the vulnerability of female-managed firms in emerging countries,female managers are more likely to make corrupt decisions and the corruption level of such firms is higher.

Control of Corruption,Trust in Government,and Voluntary TaxCompliance in South-West,Nigeria

Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have adversely affected nation’s economic growth and infrastructural development.Many researches have been conducted on taxpayers’compliance,but not many considered the effect of Control of Corruption(COC)in their study.This study looked at the probable influence of COC on individual taxpayers’voluntary tax compliance behaviour in South-West,Nigeria.Survey research design was adopted for the study.Population for the study was 5,216,422 individual taxpayers in three selected states.A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents by means of Stratified and random sampling techniques with a sample size of 1,200 and this gives a response rate of 87.6%.The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.The study adopts descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.The study shows that COC positively influenced voluntary tax compliance among individual taxpayers in the study states(Adj.R2=0.063,F(6,1050)=12.68,p=0.000).There was evidence that trust in government,COC,and employment status have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance behaviour in the study states(β=0.139,t(1044)=6.125,p=0.000,β=0.154,t(1044)=5.025,p=0.000,β=-0.237,t(1044)=-3.562,p=0.00)while gender,age,and educational level do not have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance(β=0.036,t(1044)=0.664,p=0.664,β=-0.002,t(1044)=-0.080,p=0.936,β=0.035,t(1044)=1.081,p=0.280),respectively.The study concluded that control of corruption influenced individual voluntary tax compliance.Government should put better stiff strategies in controlling corruption on tax matters,overhaul the internal control mechanism,establish state anti-graft agencies,and put stiff punishment for any fraudulent activity on tax revenue generation while zero tolerance to corruption should be seen and practice.

The Scope and Type of Political Corruption in Mongolia(Analysis of Expert Evaluation)

Democratic culture is a matter of establishing rule of law and protecting human rights,as well as good governance,effective administration of state resources,proper use of power,and conflict of interest.Therefore,democracy is not only a manifestation of the globalization process,but also the pursuit of perfect democratic mechanisms and mechanisms in many democracies and the opportunity to fully monitor the integrity of governmental institutions and to strengthen their governance power.We aim to base this research paper on facts and the following aspects.It clarifies that the following approaches to:(i)the degree of corruption in the political sphere;(ii)the nature of political corruption,its status,and prospects,as well as the changes that have occurred in it,based on the analysis of the results of long-term research of expert opinions.The article based on the comparative analysis with experts and other research sources.It is series of article which is verifying the conditions and state of corruption types,spheres,relationship between political bodies and business groups and reasons and conditionality.The first chapter of the series of article attempted to underline the corruption sphere and corruption of types.The second chapter commenced the relationship with socio-political and politic-business groups and reasons for the conditionality of the corruption in Mongolia.

The Hypocrisy and Corruption Underlying Wealth and Superficial Splendor—the theme of "The Great Gatsby

"The Great Gatsby"is a brilliant short novel written by Fitzgerald. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul,MInnesota on September24,1896. He was the only son of an upper middle class Catholic family. While he was at Princeton university,the young Fitzgerald developed his talent in writing. When the First World War broke out,he enlisted in the army,and in a training camp in Alabama,he met and fell in love with Zelda sayre,the southern belle who became his wife and who was the model for most of the beautiful and gay heroines of his fiction. His life with her was a mixture of great happiness and great misery and pain. In 1925,Fitzgerald published his most famous novel "The Great Gatsby". Before long,his wife became mentally ill. Fitzgerald declined as a writer. He worked regularly as a script-writer in Hollywood from 1937 to 1939,when he succumbed to alcoholism. He died of heart attack in 1940. His wife,Zelda,was sent to a sanitarium and died in a fire started by herself in the sanitarium。

Lobby. Is It a Type of Co-operation or Corruption?

Lobbying in our days has significant decision-influencing power in many parts of the world.Huge amounts of money are used in connection with it.After a brief conceptual clarification and the introduction of the historical background,I give a summary about the methods and the dangers that arise in practice in many cases,including the difficulties in defining the demarcation between lobbying and corruption,as boundary is often not easily recognizable between the two concepts.

A Study on the Influence of Local Top Leaders' Corruption——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Municipal Party Committee Secretaries Sacked after the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Based on the cross-sectional data about the municipal Party committee secretaries sacked since the 18th CPC National Congress, this paper adopts a regression model to examine and assess the impact of local top Party leaders' corruption. The study discovers that local heads' integrity directly affects local political ecology they are in; that regions in the charge of corruptive heads suffer a higher degree of corruption; and that the tenure of corruptive local heads relates much to the degree of local corruption(i.e. the longer their tenure is, the more baneful influence they exert on the clean governance of local leaders and cadres). Consequently, it is imperative to establish and consolidate a power structure and a corresponding operating mechanism which enable effective mutual constraint and balance among decisionmaking power, executive power and supervision power. Only by doing so can China alleviate the negative impact of local heads' corruption, effectively restrict and supervise local heads' exercise of power, and maintain a well balance between "power delegation" and "power supervision".

Interrelations With Forms of Corruption in the Political Sphere and Its Causal Conditions in Mongolia (the Final Part)

Corruption,which is a serious problem for us today,covers a wide range of social and political phenomena and processes,from the normal functioning of ordinary citizens to the forms and structures of political governance.In particular,the personality is determined by the way of life,the environment,and the needs of the family and social group,and then a political ideology is formed based on the multifaceted interests of social groups,which are expressed in complex social,economic,and political forms.Indicators of the extent to which social well-being is achieved in developing democracies raise questions about whether citizens are united in their views and actions,as well as how they participate and are interested in social and political activities.On the other hand,this is reflected in the differences in views and the level of trust in the government and other social institutions,and as an important tool for determining the development of the country.It is necessary to determine the level of social and political participation.This is the root cause of the problem.Because every democracy is very different,to understand how they affect human development,and to be a social person,people need to be able to provide a little economic security and an understanding of the issues at stake.This is the basis for building a transparent society based on the principles of zero tolerance for corruption,justice,equal participation,and equality.That is why in this subsection we explore the relationships between political parties,groups,political,business,and criminal groups in the form of political corruption,as well as the causes of political corruption in the political sphere.

PRESIDENT XI:THE SPREAD OF CORRUPTION HAS BEEN EFFECTIVELY CONTAINED

The anti-corruption battle must go deeper,President Xi Jinping said on January 6,calling for strict governance of the Communist Party of China(CPC)systematically,creatively and effectively.Xi,also General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Commission。