Effect of Nano Calcium Carbonate on Properties of Corundum-spinel Castables

Using sintered corundum as aggregate, white fused corundum powder, fused spinel powder, ultra-fine a-A12 0 3, nano calcium carbonate and hydrated alumina as matrix, effects of nano calcium carbonate additions （0. 4%, O. 8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2. 0% in mass, the same hereinafter） on modulus of rupture, thermal shock resi.~tanee and slag resistance of corundum -spinel castables after treating at different temperatures were studied. The results show that nano calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperatures and in-situ forms ealci- ant aluminates, which can significantly increase the CMOR and HMOR of the castables after treating at 800 -1 400 ℃ ; adding nano calcium carbonate obviously improves the thermal shock resistance of the castables, and has little influence on the high basicity slag resist- ance, however, significantly decreases the corrosion and penetration resistance to low basicity slag.

Relation Between Sintering Reactivity of Matrix and Thermal Shock Resistance of Ultra-low Cement Bonded Corundum-spinel Castables for Fired Purging Plugs

Purging plugs installed in the bottom of steel ladles are widely used for the secondary refining of high quality steel grades.The dynamic service conditions and temperature gradients caused by the cold inert gas blown through the plug during stirring create a strong thermal shock impact on the materials.This can affect its service life and restrict the safety and efficiency of steel making if the plug fails during use.In this work,the influence of the particle size distribution (PSD) and amount of reactive alumina on the sintering behavior of ultra-low cement bonded corundum-spinel based castables was investigated on lab scale.The relationship between sintering reactivity of matrix and thermal shock resistance of castables was evaluated in detail.Results show that the sintering of castables can be intensified by using finer reactive alumina.However,excessive sintering of the castable through finer reactive alumina is negative for thermal shock resistance.The microstructure characterization reveals that castables with more intense sintering show denser matrix structure,which is less effective in hampering crack propagation and therefore results in decline of their thermal shock resistance.

Ultralight Oxygen in Corundum-Bearing Rocks of North Karelia, Russia, as a Result of Isotope Separation by Thermal Diffusion (Soret Effect) in Endogenous Fluid Flow

Helium and argon isotopes in fluid inclusions in minerals of corundum bearing rocks with anomalous light oxygen of the Khitoostrov (North Karelia, Russia) were studied. It was found that atmospheric noble gas component is missing. Therefore, all previously proposed models of participation in the fluid surface ice meltwater are not valid. Proposed and justified endogenous mechanism of isotope fractionation of oxygen and other chemical elements by the mechanism of thermal diffusion. Geologically justified existence of the cascading effect for a number of the separation thermodiffusion cells, which lead to significant isotope effects. Cascading is realized due to the “fluid pump”, in which role are acting amphibolized gabbro in the contact with corundum metasomatites. It is assumed that the mechanism is not specific for the case corundum metasomatic rocks, which are a special case of manifestation of such a scenario in processes involving endogenous fluid flows.

Effects of Nano Calcium Carbonate on Strength and Microstructure of Corundum-based Castables

The castables specimens were prepared using white fused alumina particle and powder, α-Al2O3 micropowder, hydrated alumina, nano calcium carbonate or calcium aluminate cement as starting materials. Effects of nano calcium carbonate addition on phase compositions, strength and microstructure of corundum based castables were studied. The calcium aluminate cement-containing corundum based castables with the same CaO amount was also tested for comparison. The results show that, when temperature is higher than 900 ℃ , the phase compositions of nano CaCO3-containing mixture and the calcium aluminate cement containing mixture are the same, but the forming mechanism, modality and distribution of new phases in the castables are different. With temperature rising, the hydration cement dehydrates and reacts inside cement forming calcium aluminate until the alumina in cement is not enough for the reaction （ternperature is 91 400 ℃ ） , then reacts with the surrounding alumina forming cluster CA6 in the castables. The change process of nano CaCO3 in corundum based enstables is that nano calcium carbonate decomposes to CaO after firing at 800℃ which reacts with Al2O3 forming amorphous calcium aluminate that causes an in-situ bonding. With temperature rising, the formed calcium aluminate reacts with Al2O3 in matrix and wholly forms tabular CA6 at 1 600 ℃ , which distributes uniformly in the castables. The cold and hot strength of the castables with nano calcium carbonate are obviously higher than those of the castables without nano calcium carbonate, especially at 800 -1 000 ℃ due to smaller size and higher dispersion of the nano calcium carbonate and its different reaction mechanism with Al2O3.

Occurrence of the Pholopite-Spinel-Corundum-Sapphirine Assemblages in the Contact Between Granulites and Peridotites Massif at the Beni Bousera(Morocco)

The Beni Bousera peridotite massif(Internal Rif, Morocco),5 km in width and 15 km in length,is formed in a major part of spinel-bearing lherzolite rimed by a layer of garnet-bearing peridotite(100 m thick)which is in direct contact with HP-HT granulite metamorphic rocks(16 kbar,860℃).According to recent detailed study,the shearing contact between these two formations shows the presence of serpentinite and

The Eocene corundum-bearing rocks in the Gangdese arc, south Tibet:Implications for tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen

The genesis of Liangguo corundum deposit in the southern Gangdese magmatic arc, east-central Himalaya, remains unknown. The present study shows that the corundum-bearing rocks occur as lenses with variable sizes in the Eocene gabbro that intruded into marble. These corundum-bearing rocks have highly variable mineral assemblage and mode. The corundum-rich rocks are characterized by containing abundant corundum, and minor spinel, ilmenite and magnetite, whereas the corundum-poor and corundum-free rocks have variable contents of spinel, plagioclase, sillimanite, cordierite, ilmenite and magnetite. The host gabbro shows variable degrees of hydration and carbonization. The corundum grains are mostly black, and rarely blue, and have minor Fe O and TiO_2. The spinel is hercynite, with high Fe O and low Mg O contents. The corundum-bearing rocks have variable but high Al_2O_3, FeO and TiO_2, and low SiO_2 contents. Inherited magmatic and altered zircons of the corundum-bearing rocks have similar U e Pb ages(~47 Ma) to the magmatic zircons of the host gabbro, indicating corundum-bearing rock formation immediately after the gabbro intrusion. We considered that emplacement of gabbro induced the contact metamorphism of the country-rock marble and the formation of silica-poor fluid. The channeled infiltration of generated fluid in turn resulted in the hydrothermal metasomatism of the gabbro, which characterized by considerable loss of Si from the gabbro and strong residual enrichment of Al. The metasomatic alteration probably formed under Pe T conditions of ~2.2 -2.8 kbar and ~650 -700℃. We speculate that SiO_2, CaO and Na_2O were mobile, and Al_2O_3, FeO, TiO_2 and high field strength elements remained immobile during the metasomatic process of the gabbro. The Liangguo corundum deposit, together with metamorphic corundum deposits in Central and Southeast Asia, were related to the Cenozoic Himalayan orogeny, and therefore are plate tectonic indicators.

Effects of Tabular Corundum Types on Properties of Corundum-spinel Castables

The corundum - spinel castables were prepared by six kinds of tabular corundum, as aggregates, respective- ly, and their linear change rate on heating, apparent porosity, bulk density, cold modulus of rupture, coht crushing strength, hot modulus of rupture and thermal shock resistance were compared and studied. The results show that： 1） the six tabular corundum materials have similar main chemical composition but their physical properties vary for the different technical procedures which result in different properties of castables ; 2 ） the optimal properties of corundum - spinel castables corre- spotut to different tabular corundum types, so the corundum type shall be selected according to the application of the castables.

Effect of TiO2 Addition on Slag Resistance of Lightweight Corundum-spinel Castables

Five lightweight castables containing different TiO2 additions were prepared by using porous corundum - spinel （ MgAl2O4 ） ceramics as aggregate. Corrosion of the lightweight cstables by ladle slag was conducted using a static crucible test. The effect of the TiO2 addition on the slag resistances of the lightweight corundum -spinel castables was investigated through SEM, EDS and Fact- Sage@ software, etc. h was found that TiO2 additi,ve t,vmoted the sintering degree of the castables, deereased the average pore .size, the apparent porosity, and the contact area between the casmbles and slag, and then en- hanced the corrosion resistance. However, TiO2 additive decreased the viscosity of the penetrated .slag simultane- ously, and then deteriorated the penetration resistance.

Production of Corundum-Mullite Mixture with High Added Value from Raw Materials of Morocco

In search of new mineral raw materials with industrial potential, we identified a deposit located in the southwest of Oujda (in the Northeastern Morocco). The physicochemical analyses indicate that the ore consists mainly of diaspore, topaz and quartz, and also secondary minerals. The presence of topaz in the ore is explained by hydrothermal action on the structure of diaspore. The investigation of structural transformations reveals complex reaction mechanisms that result in a mixture of corundum-mullite at 1200℃, which is of great industrial interest. Thus, the peculiarity of this ore is the presence of fluorine and secondary minerals.

不同碱度渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀行为研究

浇注料的抗渣侵蚀性能与钢渣的碱度密切相关。以烧结刚玉、缺陷尖晶石微粉、活性α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉、电熔镁砂细粉和铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)为主要原料,制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,采用静态坩埚法于1600℃保温3 h进行抗渣试验,并用热力学模拟计算了液相量和液相组成,研究了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对3种不同碱度渣(1.6、2.3和7.6)的抗渣侵蚀性能。结果表明:刚玉-尖晶石浇注料在高碱度渣中溶解能力有限,在熔渣-耐火材料界面极易形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高熔点物相,形成致密层阻挡熔渣渗透和侵蚀。而其在低碱度渣中溶解度较高,在浇注料-熔渣达到较高反应程度时,才开始形成尖晶石固溶体和六铝酸钙等高温相,无法形成有效的致密层阻止熔渣对浇注料的侵蚀和渗透。因此,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料对高碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较强,对低碱度渣抗渣侵蚀能力较弱。

含刚玉变沉积岩对扬子克拉通西北缘新元古代演化史的制约

厘清扬子西北缘出露的前寒武纪变质基底对于揭示扬子克拉通新元古代的大地构造演化历史和四川盆地的深层资源形成与赋存机制具有基础性意义。本文报道了在扬子克拉通西北缘米仓山地体中识别出的黑云母斜长片麻岩与含刚玉矽线堇青云母片岩。相平衡模拟研究认为刚玉的产生与深熔过程中SiO2的丢失有关。黑云母斜长片麻岩记录的峰期变质温压条件达到759℃~770℃,0.48~0.55 GPa(地温梯度约为46℃/km~53℃/km),含刚玉矽线堇青云母片岩的典型矿物组合(斜长石+钛铁矿+黑云母+堇青石+刚玉+矽线石)所记录的温压条件为580℃~620℃,0.36~0.46 GPa(地温梯度范围为35℃/km~43℃/km)。变质锆石年代学揭示了两组变质年龄分别为814±9 Ma、736±17 Ma,但两组变质年龄的关系还有待进一步厘清。结合前人研究成果,本文认为含刚玉变沉积岩进一步精细刻画了自~814 Ma后的弧-陆碰撞过程,高地温梯度可能与碰撞过程中伴随幔源物质参与有关,相应的碰撞过程进一步证实扬子克拉通位于罗迪尼亚超大陆周缘。

骨料种类对铁水包用Al_(2) O_(3)-SiC-C砖性能的影响

骨料作为耐火材料的重要组成部分,决定着材料的各项性能。分别以粒度均为5~3、3~1和≤1 mm的高铝矾土、电熔棕刚玉、板状刚玉为骨料,以电熔白刚玉(≤0.045 mm)、SiC(≤0.075 mm)、活性α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉(≤0.045 mm)和鳞片石墨(≤0.15 mm)等为基质,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂制备了Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C砖,研究了骨料种类(高铝矾土、电熔棕刚玉、板状刚玉)对Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C砖常温力学性能、高温力学性能和抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:以板状刚玉为骨料时,由于其较高的致密度和较低的杂质含量,使得Al_(2)O_(3)-SiC-C砖具有最优的高温力学性能和抗渣性能;以高铝矾土为骨料时,由于其较高的气孔率和杂质含量,导致试样高温力学性能和抗渣性最差。

固废资源合成堇青石工艺及其性能研究

为了合理利用固废资源、缓解资源紧张,根据堇青石的化学组成,以质量分数分别为12%的电熔镁砂收尘粉、40%的电熔刚玉收尘粉、48%的石英尾砂为原料,分别在1320、1350、1380、1390、1400、1410℃保温3 h煅烧,制备堇青石质耐火原料,研究了煅烧温度对堇青石试样相组成、显微结构、物理性能等的影响。结果表明:在1390℃之前,镁铝尖晶石和方石英逐渐反应生成堇青石直至方石英相完全消除,当煅烧温度达到1390℃时,试样中的堇青石相含量达94%(w),次晶相为镁铝尖晶石,此时试样的热膨胀系数最低,为3.2×10^(-6)℃^(-1),体积密度较低,为1.85 g·cm^(-3),热导率较低,为1.279 W·(m·K)^(-1),显微结构较致密,综合性能最优。

聚丙烯纤维对刚玉-六铝酸钙浇注料抗热震性能的影响

为改善刚玉-六铝酸钙浇注料的性能,以刚玉、六铝酸钙(CA_(6))、活性α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉为主要原料,在1550℃保温4 h,制备了水合氧化铝结合的刚玉-CA_(6)浇注料,研究了不同聚丙烯纤维加入量(外加质量分数分别为0、0.04%、0.08%、0.12%和0.16%)对刚玉-CA_(6)浇注料性能尤其是抗热震性的影响。结果表明:1)聚丙烯纤维的加入可使试样平均线膨胀系数减小,但会导致试样强度和体积密度有所降低,进而导致弹性模量减小;2)适量聚丙烯纤维的加入可改善试样抗热震性,但过量的聚丙烯纤维会导致材料内部结构疏松、致密度减小,试样抗热震性反而有所降低;3)聚丙烯纤维加入量为0.08%(w)时,常温抗折强度保持率最高,为53.5%,表现出最佳的抗热震性能。

高强轻质发泡陶瓷的制备与性能影响研究

通过添加棕刚玉粉体获得高强度的轻质发泡陶瓷,并结合化学成分、相组成、气孔特征和显微组织分析寻找最优配方体系和烧成制度,以及掌握影响材料力学性能的决定性因素。研究表明,适量添加棕刚玉粉体能够促进堇青石生成,在获得高强度的同时保留良好韧性。细小均匀的气孔结构和光滑的孔壁也是减少基体脆性的关键。通过添加适量棕刚玉粉体,并控制配方中碱金属和碱土金属含量,在烧成温度为1180℃、烧成周期为14 h的条件下获得了体积密度为504 kg/m^(3)、吸水率为1.52%、弹性模量为0.90GPa、抗压强度高达9.50 MPa的高强度轻质发泡陶瓷。

铝土矿尾矿协同钒钛磁铁矿尾矿制备刚玉质复相陶瓷

以铝土矿尾矿和钒钛磁铁矿尾矿为原料,经混料、成型和高温烧成等工艺制备了刚玉质复相陶瓷,研究了钒钛磁铁矿尾矿添加量、烧成温度等因素对制得复相陶瓷材料的物相、显微形貌及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:当铝土矿尾矿与钒钛磁铁矿尾矿质量比为9∶1时,在1100℃下保温3 h制得刚玉质复相陶瓷材料的性能最优,其体积密度为2.71 g/cm^(3),抗压强度为276.9 MPa,抗折强度为67.3 MPa。

38CrMoAl渗氮钢微晶刚玉砂轮摆线磨削工艺试验研究

在实际磨削38CrMoAl渗氮钢过程中,存在磨削烧伤情况。本文分别采用白刚玉砂轮和微晶刚玉砂轮磨削38CrMoAl渗氮钢,对比研究了不同磨料类型刚玉砂轮对磨削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律。试验结果表明:相较于白刚玉砂轮,微晶刚玉砂轮磨削时磨削力降低了14.2%。基于正交试验方法,通过微晶刚玉砂轮平面磨削试验,探究了磨削工艺参数对磨削力和工件表面粗糙度的影响。结果分析表明:磨削深度对磨削力影响最大,其次是工件进给速度和砂轮转速;对于工件表面粗糙度而言,工件进给速度的影响最大,其次是砂轮速度和磨削深度。最终采用微晶刚玉砂轮对38CrMoAl渗氮钢齿轮样件进行批次加工,结果显示无磨削烧伤发生,且磨削表面质量得到了显著提高。

不同种类铝镁尖晶石细粉对刚玉尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉颗粒和电熔尖晶石颗粒为骨料,以板状刚玉细粉、烧结或电熔尖晶石细粉、活性α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉为基质,高纯铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,振动浇注成型,经1550℃高温烧成后制备刚玉尖晶石试样。研究了不同厂家烧结尖晶石细粉和电熔尖晶石细粉的化学成分、物相组成和粒度分布对刚玉尖晶石浇注料显微结构、烧后永久线变化率、显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、高温抗折强度和常温耐压强度的影响。

硫酸钙对刚玉-尖晶石材料性能的影响

【目的】优化刚玉-尖晶石材料的高温性能。【方法】以板状刚玉、电熔白刚玉、尖晶石、氧化铝微粉、硫酸钙为原料制备了刚玉-尖晶石制品,研究了硫酸钙加入量对刚玉-尖晶石材料的常温性能、高温抗折强度、弹性模量和抗热震性能的影响。【结果】结果表明:随着硫酸钙加入量增加,试样常温抗折和耐压强度先升高后降低;高温抗折强度先升高后降低,抗热震性能在硫酸钙加入量少时较好。【结论】硫酸钙加入量为4.2%的试样,具有较好的常温性能、高温强度和抗热震性,其主要归因于经高温烧后硫酸钙分解生成的CaO与基质中的Al_(2)O_(3)反应生成的六方板状CA_(6),交错分布在基质中,这种结构有利于提高试样的抗热震性和弹性模量。

石墨电极粉铺垫混合熔剂助熔测定窑渣中主要成分

本法尝试采用滤纸包裹试样,置于预先用石墨电极粉铺垫好的刚玉坩埚中,于900~950℃的高温炉中熔融10~20 min,至熔融物透明,盐酸浸取,过滤掉少量石墨粉,将滤液加热蒸发至干。在浓盐酸中加动物胶使硅酸凝聚沉淀,经过滤、洗涤、灼烧、称量,计算SiO_(2)的质量分数。所得滤液以氨水沉淀分离,滤液用EDTA标液滴定,计算CaO和MgO的质量分数。氢氧化物沉淀用盐酸溶解,再在氢氧化钠溶液中沉淀分离Al,分取滤液用氟代盐取代EDTA,用铜标液滴定,计算Al_(2)O_(3)的质量分数。