Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, whose origin and mechanism are the focus of intense interest. They appear connected to su- pernova remnants from massive stars or the merger of their ...Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, whose origin and mechanism are the focus of intense interest. They appear connected to su- pernova remnants from massive stars or the merger of their remnants, and their bright- ness makes them temporarily detectable out to the largest distances yet explored in the universe. After pioneering breakthroughs from space and ground experiments, their study is entering a new phase with observations from the recently launched Fermi satellite, as well as the prospect of detections or limits from large neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. The interplay between such observations and theoretical models of gamma-ray bursts is reviewed, and cosmology. as well as their connections to supernovae展开更多
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V.Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the...The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V.Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays.To do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity.GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere.Its design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early.Here we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.展开更多
Detecting neutrinos associated with the still enigmatic sources of cosmic rays has reached a new watershed with the completion of IceCube, the first detector with sensitivity to the anticipated fluxes. In this review,...Detecting neutrinos associated with the still enigmatic sources of cosmic rays has reached a new watershed with the completion of IceCube, the first detector with sensitivity to the anticipated fluxes. In this review, we will briefly revisit the rationale for constructing kilometer-scale neutrino detectors and summarize the status of the field.展开更多
Recently,the B.O.A.T.(“brightest of all time”)gamma-ray burst,dubbed GRB 221009A,was detected by various instruments.Unprecedentedly,the GRB presented very-high-energy(VHE,energy above 0.1 Te V)gamma-ray emission wi...Recently,the B.O.A.T.(“brightest of all time”)gamma-ray burst,dubbed GRB 221009A,was detected by various instruments.Unprecedentedly,the GRB presented very-high-energy(VHE,energy above 0.1 Te V)gamma-ray emission with energy extending above 10 Te V,as reported by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO).We here demonstrate that the VHE and especially>10 Te V emission may originate from the internal hadronic dissipation of the GRB,without the need of invoking any exotic processes as suggested by some previous studies.The possible prompt origin of LHAASO photons may imply the first detection of the GRB prompt phase in the VHE regime.We also discuss the constraints on the properties of the GRB ejecta from multiwavelength and multi-messenger observations,which favors a magnetically dominated GRB ejecta.The suggested Poynting-flux-dominated GRB ejecta in this work supports the Blandford&Znajek(BZ)mechanism as the possible central engine model of GRB,as well as the possible strong magnetic dissipation and acceleration.展开更多
由于大型宇宙线探测器Pierre Auger,Telescope Array等的观测,极高能宇宙线(能量大于1018 e V的宇宙线)的研究取得了很大进展,包括探测到高能能谱变陡,与河外天体源的可能相关性,以及化学成分组成等.然而这些宇宙线的起源天体仍未知.本...由于大型宇宙线探测器Pierre Auger,Telescope Array等的观测,极高能宇宙线(能量大于1018 e V的宇宙线)的研究取得了很大进展,包括探测到高能能谱变陡,与河外天体源的可能相关性,以及化学成分组成等.然而这些宇宙线的起源天体仍未知.本文将评述河外极高能宇宙线起源的候选天体,包括伽玛射线暴,活动星系核,巨超新星等.同时我们从多信使角度(包括高能中微子,伽玛光子的观测),探讨这些天体是河外极高能宇宙线起源天体的可能性.展开更多
文摘Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous explosions in the Universe, whose origin and mechanism are the focus of intense interest. They appear connected to su- pernova remnants from massive stars or the merger of their remnants, and their bright- ness makes them temporarily detectable out to the largest distances yet explored in the universe. After pioneering breakthroughs from space and ground experiments, their study is entering a new phase with observations from the recently launched Fermi satellite, as well as the prospect of detections or limits from large neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. The interplay between such observations and theoretical models of gamma-ray bursts is reviewed, and cosmology. as well as their connections to supernovae
基金The GRAND project is supported by the APACHE of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche(Grant No.ANR-16-CE31-0001)the FranceChina Particle Physics Laboratory,the China Exchange Program from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences+15 种基金the Key Projects of Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH022)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404601)supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(Grant No.2017/12828-4)partially supported from National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.PHY-1404311,and PHY-1714479)supported by Danish National Research Foundation(DNRF91)Danmarks Grundforskningsfond(Grant No.1041811001)Villum Fonden(Grant No.13164)Washington Carvalho Jr.is supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(Grant No.2015/15735-1)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11375209)supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research(Grant No.FWO-12L3715N–K.D.de Vries)supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research(NWO)supported by the Key Projects of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences,(Grant No.QYZDY-SSWSLH022)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,(Grant No.XDB23000000)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11505213)“Data analysis for radio detection array at 21CMA base”
文摘The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V.Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays.To do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity.GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere.Its design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early.Here we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.
基金This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants No. OPP-0236449 and PHY-0969061, the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER40896, and the University of Wisconsin Research Committee with funds granted by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.
文摘Detecting neutrinos associated with the still enigmatic sources of cosmic rays has reached a new watershed with the completion of IceCube, the first detector with sensitivity to the anticipated fluxes. In this review, we will briefly revisit the rationale for constructing kilometer-scale neutrino detectors and summarize the status of the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12003007,U2031105,U1931201,and U1931203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2020kfy XJJS039)the China Manned Space Project(Grant No.CMSCSST-2021-B11)。
文摘Recently,the B.O.A.T.(“brightest of all time”)gamma-ray burst,dubbed GRB 221009A,was detected by various instruments.Unprecedentedly,the GRB presented very-high-energy(VHE,energy above 0.1 Te V)gamma-ray emission with energy extending above 10 Te V,as reported by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO).We here demonstrate that the VHE and especially>10 Te V emission may originate from the internal hadronic dissipation of the GRB,without the need of invoking any exotic processes as suggested by some previous studies.The possible prompt origin of LHAASO photons may imply the first detection of the GRB prompt phase in the VHE regime.We also discuss the constraints on the properties of the GRB ejecta from multiwavelength and multi-messenger observations,which favors a magnetically dominated GRB ejecta.The suggested Poynting-flux-dominated GRB ejecta in this work supports the Blandford&Znajek(BZ)mechanism as the possible central engine model of GRB,as well as the possible strong magnetic dissipation and acceleration.
文摘由于大型宇宙线探测器Pierre Auger,Telescope Array等的观测,极高能宇宙线(能量大于1018 e V的宇宙线)的研究取得了很大进展,包括探测到高能能谱变陡,与河外天体源的可能相关性,以及化学成分组成等.然而这些宇宙线的起源天体仍未知.本文将评述河外极高能宇宙线起源的候选天体,包括伽玛射线暴,活动星系核,巨超新星等.同时我们从多信使角度(包括高能中微子,伽玛光子的观测),探讨这些天体是河外极高能宇宙线起源天体的可能性.
