In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of...In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as glob...With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as global warming. To reduce their carbon footprints, large Internet service operators begin to utilize green energy. Since green energy is currently more expensive than the traditional brown one, it is important for the operators to maximize the green en- ergy usage subject to their desired long-term （e.g., a month） cost budget constraint. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm GreenBudget based on the Lyapunov optimization framework. We prove that our algorithm is able to achieve a delicate tradeoff between the green energy usage and the en- forcement of the cost budget constraint, and a control parameter V is the knob to arbitrarily tune such a tradeoff. We evaluate GreenBudget utilizing real-life traces of user requests, cooling efficiency, electricity price and green energy avail- ability. Experimental results demonstrate that under the same cost budget constraint, GreenBudget can increase the green energy usage by 11.55% compared with the state-of-the-art work, without incurring any performance violation of user requests.展开更多
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a serious public health issue in Egypt. An estimated 13% of individuals in Egypt are expected to have CKD, with a higher prevalence among older adults and in rural regions. The pr...Background: Chronic kidney disease is a serious public health issue in Egypt. An estimated 13% of individuals in Egypt are expected to have CKD, with a higher prevalence among older adults and in rural regions. The primary goal of the study was to compare the cost-utility of the standard of care alone against add-on medication, dapagliflozin, as a preventative measure against complications of CKD in cases with or without diabetes mellitus. Methods: A lifetime Markov state transition model with a 3-month cycle was employed based on the clinical evidence from the DAPA-CKD clinical trial. The model was to provide estimates of the long-term economic and health impact of managing CKD patients. Cost-effectiveness is assessed regarding the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. This economic evaluation study used a payer perspective. Moreover, the study evaluated the impact on the budget due to the undertaking of dapagliflozin. One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses, as well as a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, were employed. Results: During a lifetime horizon, the difference in cost between dapagliflozin and SOC was EGP -65,212 (USD 2126.89). The difference in QALY between dapagliflozin and SOC was 4.3. In CKD patients, adding dapagliflozin to ramipril generates better QALYs and lower costs than ramipril alone. Dapagliflozin improved the outcomes and generated cost savings. A deterministic one was sensitivity analysis revealed that the model is robust to changes in all variables included. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations showed that in about 82.64% of trials, dapagliflozin is cost-saving. The undertaking of dapagliflozin by any percent will have a positive impact on the budget. Conclusion: During the lifetime horizon, dapagliflozin is cost-saving;it benefits the quality of life and the total cost. The addition of dapagliflozin to SOC has a saving effect of 11.9% of the budget.展开更多
文摘In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.
文摘With the sky-rocketing development of Internet services, the power usage in data centers has been signifi- cantly increasing. This ever increasing energy consumption leads to negative environmental impact such as global warming. To reduce their carbon footprints, large Internet service operators begin to utilize green energy. Since green energy is currently more expensive than the traditional brown one, it is important for the operators to maximize the green en- ergy usage subject to their desired long-term （e.g., a month） cost budget constraint. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm GreenBudget based on the Lyapunov optimization framework. We prove that our algorithm is able to achieve a delicate tradeoff between the green energy usage and the en- forcement of the cost budget constraint, and a control parameter V is the knob to arbitrarily tune such a tradeoff. We evaluate GreenBudget utilizing real-life traces of user requests, cooling efficiency, electricity price and green energy avail- ability. Experimental results demonstrate that under the same cost budget constraint, GreenBudget can increase the green energy usage by 11.55% compared with the state-of-the-art work, without incurring any performance violation of user requests.
文摘Background: Chronic kidney disease is a serious public health issue in Egypt. An estimated 13% of individuals in Egypt are expected to have CKD, with a higher prevalence among older adults and in rural regions. The primary goal of the study was to compare the cost-utility of the standard of care alone against add-on medication, dapagliflozin, as a preventative measure against complications of CKD in cases with or without diabetes mellitus. Methods: A lifetime Markov state transition model with a 3-month cycle was employed based on the clinical evidence from the DAPA-CKD clinical trial. The model was to provide estimates of the long-term economic and health impact of managing CKD patients. Cost-effectiveness is assessed regarding the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. This economic evaluation study used a payer perspective. Moreover, the study evaluated the impact on the budget due to the undertaking of dapagliflozin. One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses, as well as a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, were employed. Results: During a lifetime horizon, the difference in cost between dapagliflozin and SOC was EGP -65,212 (USD 2126.89). The difference in QALY between dapagliflozin and SOC was 4.3. In CKD patients, adding dapagliflozin to ramipril generates better QALYs and lower costs than ramipril alone. Dapagliflozin improved the outcomes and generated cost savings. A deterministic one was sensitivity analysis revealed that the model is robust to changes in all variables included. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations showed that in about 82.64% of trials, dapagliflozin is cost-saving. The undertaking of dapagliflozin by any percent will have a positive impact on the budget. Conclusion: During the lifetime horizon, dapagliflozin is cost-saving;it benefits the quality of life and the total cost. The addition of dapagliflozin to SOC has a saving effect of 11.9% of the budget.
