Exploring ERP Adoption Cost Factors

Due to their limited resources, budgets and their high sensitivity to costs, when Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） take the first step into implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP） system, they need to think about many things, foremost the cost of adoption. Literature suggests that most ERP implementations fail due to inaccurate and optimistic budget and schedule estimations, as well as, anticipating indirect costs beforehand is problematic. With the deficiency of a clear model of cost factors for ERP adoptions, ERP adoptions face high risks of failure. Failures could be caused by several factors, but the scope of this research is focused on identifying, exploring, and validating a comprehensive list of ERP adoption cost factors. This could aid SMEs in visualizing the different expected costs, and would consequently assist in better future cost management and estimations. There has been plenty of research in ERP; however, a clear gap in ERP cost identification, management, and estimation exists. This paper focuses on identifying direct and indirect cost factors that influence total costs in the ERP adoption process. The paper presents a cost list that has been developed through literature and an ERP expert panel. Furthermore, this study validates the costs list through interviews with different stakeholders within ERP adoption projects in Egypt.

Cost control for real estate development projects in China - Part 1: Literature review

The background and purpose, and the current situation of the cost control theory of real estate development project are disscussed in the paper. Problems of cost control for real estate development projects in China are analyzed and summarized. According to the real estate development project cost control problems and related factors, a cost control index system of real estate development enterprise, and a cost control factors index system of real estate projects are constructed respectively. Cost control in the five stages of a real estate development project is introduced and summarized respectively. The five stages include: the investment decision-making, planning and design stage, the bidding phase, project implementation stage, and rental or sale.

Using Quantile Regression Approach to Analyze Price Movements of Agricultural Products in China

This paper studies how the price movements of pork,chicken and egg respond to those of related cost factors in short terms in Chinese market.We employ a linear quantile approach not only to explore potential data heteroscedasticity but also to generate confidence bands for the purpose of price stability study.We then evaluate our models by comparing the prediction intervals generated from the quantile regression models with in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts.Using monthly data from January 2000 to October 2010,we observed these findings：（i） the price changes of cost factors asymmetrically and unequally influence those of the livestock across different quantiles;（ii） the performance of our models is robust and consistent for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts;（iii） the confidence intervals generated from 0.05th and 0.95th quantile regression models are good methods to forecast livestock price fluctuation.

A novel OFS–TLBO–SVR hybrid model for optimal budget allocation of government schemes to maximize GVA at factor cost

Support Vector Regression (SVR) has already been proved to be one of the mostreferred and used machine learning technique in various fields. In this study, wehave addressed a predictive-cum-prescriptive analysis for finalizing fundallocations by the Government at center to the schemes under Central Plan andto the schemes under States and Union Territories Plan, with a goal to maximizeGross Value Added (GVA) at factor cost. Here, we have proposed a hybridmachine learning model comprising of OFS (Orthogonal Forward Selection),TLBO (Teaching Learning Based Optimization) and SVR for the prediction ofGVA at factor cost. In this model, referred as OFS–TLBO–SVR hybrid model,SVR is at the core of prediction mechanism, OFS is for identifying the relevantfeatures, and TLBO is to support in optimizing the free parameters of SVR andagain TLBO is used for optimizing the governable attributes of data.

Why Do Chinese Private Enterprises Seek Outward Foreign Direct Investment?

China is currently in a period of economic transformation and the reform of the factor market still lags behind that of the product market.This study explores the reasons causing China's private enterprise to expand abroad from the perspective of domestic factor market imperfection.Using data for Chinese listed firms between 2002 and 2020,it examines whether outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)has been undertaken by private enterprises as a response to domestic factor market imperfection.It finds that private enterprises located in regions with greater factor market imperfection have had a greater tendency to engage in OFDI.This effect has been more pronounced among firms with high productivity or high innovation capability,and among medium and small private enterprises.

Rebalancing China's Economic Growth:Some Insights from Japan's Experience

One of the greatest challenges China faces is reshaping its heavily investment-driven mode of economic growth. By investigating how the rebalancing of Japan＇s economic growth mode was realized in the 1970s, we indicate that it is essential in rebalancing to correct the distortions in factor cost （labor cost and capital cost） in a harmonious way. In addition, we refer to Japan＇s experience to indicate that rebalancing of domestic growth does not necessarily lead to external rebalancing.

The Input-Output Model and the Analysis of Profit and Tax of Product

With the combination of modern quantitative analysis method and enterprise inputoutput model,in this paper we make a scientific analysis on the effect to product profit tax from the change of internal and external important factors of enterprise,and some important results hare been given.