Cost Climate Survey Scale in Construction:Development and Empirical Research

To develop the cost climate survey scale( CCSS) used in construction enterprises,the design concepts,principles and the process diagrams of CCSS are proposed.Through questionnaire investigation and expert interviews,314 projects are established and the CCSS that is made up of 7 dimensions framework and 30 levels is preliminarily determined.After categorized merger,pre-test analysis and multiple items refining,16 projects of CCSS are eventually compiled.In order to verify the credibility and validity of the CCSS,200 employees in Qinhuangdao construction company as the samples are tested.SPSS 21.0 is used to analyze the reliability,validity and rationality of level divisions,and Amos 22.0 is for analyzing the degree of model adaptation in this survey.Finally,the current cost climate situation of the construction site in the company is evaluated,the deficiencies of the cost culture of the construction site are pointed out.This study shows that strengthening the cost knowledge training has a significant positive effect on the cost climate cognition of the employees.Nevertheless,accumulation of work experience has a dual impact on that.The CCSS is not only an important foundation for the cost climate research and its theoretical development,but also the premise of the cost climate quantitative research.An appropriate CCSS,to some extent,can reflect the cognitive level of all kinds of employees in one enterprise and cost savings degree of the enterprise in a certain time.The development of CCSS reflects the originality and interactivity,and fills a blank of the CCSS in construction,which is considered to be an effective tool for cost climate research in construction.

Performability of Research Infrastructure Comsidering Costs and Values for Different Outputs

The research infrastructure is very crucial for the development of some fundamental research. However,it is costly to buy,install and operate the infrastructure. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of research infrastructure using a concept termed as investment reliability. Both the costs and the outputs are represented by a cash flow diagram,and the investment reliability is modeled. Different types of outputs are taken into concern in the model formulation. Illustrative examples are proposed to show how to apply the model.

On Application of ABC Approach in Management of Agri- scientific Research Cost

This paper firstly introduced theoretical background of the Activity-Based Costing(ABC). Then,it analyzed necessity,extension resistance and difficulty of ABC approach in agri-scientific research institutions. Finally,it came up with some recommendations for scientifically learning and steadily promoting ABC method in agri-scientific research field.

数字经济背景下国际贸易成本的研究进展

贸易成本在国际贸易理论中发挥着重要作用。本文对国际贸易成本研究进展进行分析,研究发现:(1)数字经济背景下,传统贸易正在向数字贸易进行转变;(2)就贸易成本影响因素而言,除地理距离、关税、区域贸易协定、经济差异与人口规模等影响因素外,贸易双方的数字基础建设以及数字平台的发展愈来愈成为影响贸易成本的重要因素;(3)数字贸易主要通过削减信息搜寻成本、合规成本、存储成本和运输成本等相关成本进一步降低国际间的贸易成本。

Analyzing the Impact of Different Factors on Software Cost Estimation in Today’s Scenario

Software cost estimation is a main concern of the software industry. However, the fact is also that in today’s scenario, software industries are more interested in other issues like new technologies in the market, shorter development time, skill shortage etc. They are actually deviating from critical issues to routine issues. Today, people expect high quality products at very low costs and same is the goal of software engineering. An accuracy in software cost estimation has a direct impact on company’s reputation and also affects the software investment decisions. Accurate cost estimation can minimize the unnecessary costs and increase the productivity and efficiency of the company. The objective of this paper is to identify the existing methods of software cost estimation prevailing in the market and analyzing some of the important factors impacting the software cost estimation process. In order to achieve the objective, a survey was conducted to find out: ● Nature of projects that companies prefer. ● Impact of training on employees in software cost estimation. ● How many people review the estimated cost? ● How much risk buffer the company keeps for future prospects?

基于文献计量学的疾病诊断相关分组在护理领域的研究热点分析

目的 总结疾病诊断相关分组在护理领域的研究现状和焦点,为护理管理者在该领域的探索提供参考。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统中疾病诊断相关分组与护理关联的相关文献,时间自建库至2024年4月1日。采用文献计量分析法对纳入文献的发表年份、发表期刊、研究机构、基金、研究内容等特征进行分析。结果 共纳入论文61篇,其中2023年最多,达20篇。文献发表数量从2019年开始增长,发文量较多的城市有北京、乌鲁木齐等。文献研究热点主要聚焦在疾病诊断相关分组对护理绩效分配、对护理工作量测算、对护理人力资源配置、对护理质量及护理成本的影响。结论 疾病诊断相关分组在护理领域重视程度不断提升,对护理工作的影响体现在多个方面,要综合把握其对每一领域的双面影响,深度分析机遇与挑战,合理匹配护理管理改革。

考虑成本风险的装备科研激励约束定价设计

带有激励约束机制的装备科研合同定价模式能够较好地适应因科研项目不确定性所带来的成本风险,而激励系数的确定是其中的关键设计。在总结和比较典型的激励约束定价设计的基础上,针对激励系数设计与科研成本风险分析未能有效结合的问题,基于项目工作分解结构(WBS),采用模拟仿真方法得到项目成本概率分布,考虑成本风险大小给出装备科研价格激励约束原则,结合成本概率分布的分位数选择成本上下限,进而确定激励系数和约束系数。同时,还进行了实例分析,结果验证了研究方法的有效性。

Study on the Mental and Emotional Cost of Incarceration

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that is the result of personal experiences directly involved with or witnessing traumatic or life-threating events. PTSD has profound psychobiological correlates, which can impair the person’s daily life and be life-threatening. The disorder is typically associated with military com-bat, acts of terrorism, sexual assault, bullying, exposure to abusive and toxic environments. The culture of prison encompasses and is the direct catalyst for consistent exposure to each of these elements. Considering that the United States leads the free world in the rate of incarceration, Prison-related PTSD is a serious public health and social issue. A sharp rise in ex-offenders that meet 3 or more of the criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from the Fifth Edition of the Diag-nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is alarming. We review the numbers and introduce a new perspective on how the Department of Corrections and Department of Justice can play a vital role by working to correct this problem. We discuss the need to provide long-term care for this underserved population, particularly those convicted of non-violent crimes. We present arguments in support of the notion there should be professional clinical resources available for individuals released from prison to help manage the symptoms of PTSD that were created primarily through incarceration.

合成氨行业发展趋势和绿氨成本竞争力分析

综述了我国合成氨行业发展历程,原料和消费结构的演变;分析了合成氨行业发展形势及下游产业链、新兴消费领域等的情况;在此基础上,着重对国内绿氨成本竞争力进行了分析;指出,未来绿氨竞争力的核心主要在降低风光电成本、构建低成本储运系统、开发绿色应用场景等三方面。

基于正交试验法的太阳能复合热水系统优化

为降低生活热水能耗,实现空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统的高效节能运行,选取济南市某高校学生宿舍空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统作为研究对象,利用瞬时系统模拟软件搭建了系统仿真模型,并采用无交互作用的正交试验法,分别以全年系统性能系数和太阳能保证率为优化目标,优化了太阳能集热器面积、集热器倾角、热泵制热功率及水箱容积,并分析其结果的经济性和节能性。结果表明:当以系统性能系数为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为390 m^(2)、集热器倾角为42°、热泵制热功率为50 kW、水箱容积为23.94 m3,而动态费用年值为7.38万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为17.12 tce;当以太阳能保证率为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为342 m^(2)、集热器倾角为44°、热泵制热功率为35.5 kW、水箱容积为20.58 m3,而动态费用年值为6.56万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为16.63 tce。

聚羟基脂肪酸酯生产菌种及发酵工艺研究进展

首先对聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)发酵菌种的选育情况及发酵特性进行比较全面的介绍,对已报道过的发酵工艺进行系统性综述、比较及分析。最后,归纳目前利用微生物发酵生产PHAs存在的问题,并对PHAs发酵菌种及工艺的未来发展趋势及重点研究方向进行展望。

社保基金投资与企业ESG表现

作为中国股市最大的机构投资者,社保基金对改善企业ESG表现有着独特的优势。基于2009—2022年沪深A股上市公司的数据,研究社保基金投资对企业ESG表现的影响。研究发现,社保基金投资显著提高了企业ESG表现,在进行稳健性及内生性处理后,该检验结论依然成立。机制检验表明,社保基金通过降低融资成本、加大研发创新、提高盈余质量,改善了企业ESG表现。异质性分析表明,社保基金对企业ESG表现的促进作用在高污染企业、高新技术企业、媒体关注度低的企业中更为显著。进一步研究发现,相对于其他机构投资者,社保基金对企业ESG表现的促进作用更大,且社保基金投资对企业ESG表现的提升作用显著降低了企业风险,提高了企业效益。建议政府鼓励社保基金积极参与上市公司治理,增强对高污染企业、高新技术企业及媒体关注度较低企业的关注;上市公司应完善对社保基金等投资者的联动响应机制并同时加强信息共享。

Development and Actuality of Life Cycle Cost Technique in China

Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society. In this paper, development course, application actuality and up-to-date research trends of life cycle cost technique in China are summarized. Some suggestions are given on how to general- ize the application of life cycle cost technique which are used as the reference to study life cycle cost technique.

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

The goal of the research is to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective is achieved by combining EPA Screen3, ISC3 and Japanese METI-LIS model equations with minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm. Prim’s MST algorithm is used to simulate an electric distribution system and coal transportation pathways. The model can detect emission interaction with another source and estimate the ground level concentrations of emissions up to distances of 25 kilometers. During a grid search, the algorithm helps determine a candidate location, for a new coal power plant, that would minimize the operational cost while ensuring emission exposure is below the EPA/NIOSH thresholds. The proposed methodology has been coded in form of a location analysis simulation. An exhaustive search strategy delivers a final candidate location for a new coal power plant to ensure minimum operational costs as compared to the random or greedy search strategy. The simulation provides a tool to industrial zone planners, environmental engineers, and stakeholders in coal-based power generation. Using operational and emissions perspectives, the tool helps ascertain a list of compromise locations for a new coal power plant facility.

抑郁症治疗药物经济学研究进展

抑郁症是现在最常见的一种心理疾病,治疗抑郁症的药物种类繁多。本文就抑郁症治疗药物的经济学研究进展进行综述,以近10年国内外已有相关文献为基础,成本-效果分析结果为主要依据,对不同类别药物内部或药物之间进行药物经济学研究分析。研究总结了不同类别治疗药物的经济性差别,以期为临床医生在选取安全、有效和经济的治疗方案时提供参考。

产学研协同创新最佳成本分摊策略——基于共享投入两阶段数据包络分析(DEA)模型的研究

产学研协同是促进科技创新转化为产业创新的重要动力,合理分摊创新成本是加强产学研深度融合的重要保障。考虑产学研协同创新中决策者风险偏好差异化情境,基于前景理论构建技术研发与成果转化的两阶段数据包络分析(DEA)固定成本分摊模型,并进一步考虑提高双方持续合作可能性,将满意度嵌入前景两阶段DEA固定成本分摊模型,探求产学研协同创新的最佳成本分摊策略。结果表明:学研方与企业方的风险偏好对固定成本分摊方案具有一定的影响,但是这种影响是有限的;与分散决策环境相比,集中决策环境下的固定成本分摊方案更均衡且满意度更高。为此,建议在产学研协同创新过程中,学研方和企业方集中决策、协商风险应对方案,切实建立风险共担、利益共享的协同创新机制。

数字化转型会促进企业产学研合作创新吗?

基于手工收集的2011—2021年A股生物医药制造业上市公司数据,本文实证考察了数字化转型对企业产学研合作创新的影响.研究发现,数字化转型对企业产学研合作创新具有促进作用,表现为数字化转型水平越高,企业产学研合作创新的可能性越大,该结果经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立.机制检验发现,降低信息收集成本和交流协同成本是数字化转型推动企业产学研合作创新的重要路径.异质性分析发现,在国有企业、规模较大企业、非省会城市企业以及知识产权保护环境较差地区企业,数字化转型的促进作用更为明显.进一步研究发现,在企业产学研合作创新活动中,数字化转型替代了部分由高铁开通带来的企业外部信息环境改善作用,两者呈替代关系.本文有助于全面认识数字化转型与企业创新的关系,拓展了企业产学研合作创新的相关研究.

长距离输水工程节点成本水价测算研究——以南山干渠为例

各级政府均在开展国家(地方)水网规划和实施建设,深入研究长距离引调水工程节点成本水价,是深化水价市场化改革,推动水利高质量发展,践行“两手发力”治水方略的现实要求。文章以新疆昌吉州南山干渠为研究对象,在整体工程综合成本水价测算的基础上,采用渠段环节水价法和投资分摊法两种方法进行各分水节点成本水价测算,阐述了两种方法的异同和相互验证性,揭示了工程整体综合成本水价与各分水节点供水量加权平均成本水价的恒等关系,为物价主管部门制定水价及其建设资金筹措提供参考依据。

我国社会物流成本研究综述

现代物流在建设现代化经济体系中发挥着先导性、基础性、战略性作用,降低社会物流成本是社会各界广泛关注的热点问题。通过文献梳理,文中对社会物流成本现状、衡量指标、影响因素、对策建议等现有研究内容分别予以阐述,并提出了几点思考。在此基础上,指出了现有研究在研究内容和研究方法上的不足,并展望后续研究的新方向。