Improved Mechanism for Detecting Examinations Impersonations in Public Higher Learning Institutions: Case of the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy (MNMA)

Currently, most public higher learning institutions in Tanzania rely on traditional in-class examinations, requiring students to register and present identification documents for examinations eligibility verification. This system, however, is prone to impersonations due to security vulnerabilities in current students’ verification system. These vulnerabilities include weak authentication, lack of encryption, and inadequate anti-counterfeiting measures. Additionally, advanced printing technologies and online marketplaces which claim to produce convincing fake identification documents make it easy to create convincing fake identity documents. The Improved Mechanism for Detecting Impersonations (IMDIs) system detects impersonations in in-class exams by integrating QR codes and dynamic question generation based on student profiles. It consists of a mobile verification app, built with Flutter and communicating via RESTful APIs, and a web system, developed with Laravel using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The two components communicate through APIs, with MySQL managing the database. The mobile app and web server interact to ensure efficient verification and security during examinations. The implemented IMDIs system was validated by a mobile application which is integrated with a QR codes scanner for capturing codes embedded in student Identity Cards and linking them to a dynamic question generation model. The QG model uses natural language processing (NLP) algorithm and Question Generation (QG) techniques to create dynamic profile questions. Results show that the IMDIs system could generate four challenging profile-based questions within two seconds, allowing the verification of 200 students in 33 minutes by one operator. The IMDIs system also tracks exam-eligible students, aiding in exam attendance and integrates with a Short Message Service (SMS) to report impersonation incidents to a dedicated security officer in real-time. The IMDIs system was tested and found to be 98% secure, 100% convenient, with a 0% false rejection rate and a 2% false acceptance rate, demonstrating its security, reliability, and high performance.

An LMI Method to Robust Iterative Learning Fault-tolerant Guaranteed Cost Control for Batch Processes

Based on an equivalent two-dimensional Fornasini-Marchsini model for a batch process in industry, a closed-loop robust iterative learning fault-tolerant guaranteed cost control scheme is proposed for batch processes with actuator failures. This paper introduces relevant concepts of the fault-tolerant guaranteed cost control and formulates the robust iterative learning reliable guaranteed cost controller (ILRGCC). A significant advantage is that the proposed ILRGCC design method can be used for on-line optimization against batch-to-batch process uncertainties to realize robust tracking of set-point trajectory in time and batch-to-batch sequences. For the convenience of implementation, only measured output errors of current and previous cycles are used to design a synthetic controller for iterative learning control, consisting of dynamic output feedback plus feed-forward control. The proposed controller can not only guarantee the closed-loop convergency along time and cycle sequences but also satisfy the H∞performance level and a cost function with upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties and any actuator failures. Sufficient conditions for the controller solution are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and design procedures, which formulate a convex optimization problem with LMI constraints, are presented. An example of injection molding is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the ILRGCC design approach.

VPLS Based Quality and Cost Control for Tennessee Eastman Process

Product quality and operation cost control obtain increasing emphases in modern chemical system engineering. To improve the fault detection power of the partial least square (PLS) method for quality control, a new QRPV statistic is proposed in terms of the VP (variable importance in projection) indices of monitored process variables, which is significantly advanced over and different from the conventional Q statistic. QRPV is calculated only by the residuals of the remarkable process variables (RPVs). Therefore, it is the dominant relation between quality and RPV not all process variables (as in the case of the conventional PLS) that is monitored by this new VP-PLS (VPLS) method. The combination of QRPV and T2 statistics is applied to the quality and cost control of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, and weak faults can be detected as quickly as possible. Consequently, the product quality of TE process is guaranteed and operation costs are reduced.

Stability Estimation for Markov Control Processes with Discounted Cost

This article explores controllable Borel spaces, stationary, homogeneous Markov processes, discrete time with infinite horizon, with bounded cost functions and using the expected total discounted cost criterion. The problem of the estimation of stability for this type of process is set. The central objective is to obtain a bounded stability index expressed in terms of the Lévy-Prokhorov metric;likewise, sufficient conditions are provided for the existence of such inequalities.

COST FB2钢热变形行为及热加工图

利用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机对COST FB2钢进行了等温压缩试验,研究了其在不同热变形工艺参数下的热变形行为、显微组织演变规律以及最优的热加工工艺窗口。结果表明,热变形过程中,流变应力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而降低,在不同的应变速率与变形温度下,流变应力曲线呈现出动态再结晶、动态回复与加工硬化特征。基于Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomon函数,求得COST FB2钢的热变形激活能Q为449.56 kJ·mol-1。建立了本构模型,该模型预测值与试验值吻合度较高。基于Prasad失稳判据建立了COST FB2钢热加工图,结合热变形后的显微组织特征,发现失稳区主要集中分布于变形温度900~950℃、应变速率0.04~0.5 s^(-1)范围内,其显微组织为沿变形方向拉长的带状组织,并存在局部流动性,对应的功率耗散值η较低;安全区显微组织主要特征是部分动态再结晶组织,功率耗散值η较高。确定了其0.8应变量下合理的热加工工艺窗口为:变形温度975~1050℃、应变速率0.01~0.14 s^(-1)以及变形温度1050~1175℃、应变速率0.01~0.5 s^(-1)。

Time consumption, productivity, and cost analysis of the motor manual tree felling and processing in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran

An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.

Sequential quadratic programming-based non-cooperative target distributed hybrid processing optimization method

The distributed hybrid processing optimization problem of non-cooperative targets is an important research direction for future networked air-defense and anti-missile firepower systems. In this paper, the air-defense anti-missile targets defense problem is abstracted as a nonconvex constrained combinatorial optimization problem with the optimization objective of maximizing the degree of contribution of the processing scheme to non-cooperative targets, and the constraints mainly consider geographical conditions and anti-missile equipment resources. The grid discretization concept is used to partition the defense area into network nodes, and the overall defense strategy scheme is described as a nonlinear programming problem to solve the minimum defense cost within the maximum defense capability of the defense system network. In the solution of the minimum defense cost problem, the processing scheme, equipment coverage capability, constraints and node cost requirements are characterized, then a nonlinear mathematical model of the non-cooperative target distributed hybrid processing optimization problem is established, and a local optimal solution based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithm is constructed, and the optimal firepower processing scheme is given by using the sequential quadratic programming method containing non-convex quadratic equations and inequality constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples.

Life cycle inventory for base metal ingots production in Japan including mining and mineral processing processes by cost estimating system database

CO2 emission levels of copper and zinc mines from which Japanese smelters import ore concentrates into Japan,were estimated by using a database called MLED. Eleven copper mines selected from data availability of mine site covered 84% of the total imported concentrates. Adding inventories of sea transportation and smelting processes to mine development process,total CO2 emission level for copper and zinc ingots produced in Japan were calculated. The results show that the emission share of mining and mineral processing processes for each mine is indicated around 30%-70% of total emission for ingots,which implies the importance of including the mining activities to the inventory of upper stream products.

Cost Optimization of Surface Grinding Process

This paper introduces a new study on cost optimization of surface grinding. In the study, the effects of grinding parameters including the dressing regime parameters, the wheel life and the initial grinding wheel diameter on the exchanged grinding wheel diameter which were investigated. In addition, the influence of cost parameters including the machine tool hourly rate and the grinding wheel cost were taken into account. In order to find the optimum exchanged grinding wheel diameter, a cost optimization problem was built. From the results of the optimization problem, a model for determination of the optimum exchanged grinding wheel diameter was found. By using the optimum diameter, both the grinding cost and grinding time can be reduced significantly.

Adaptive Strategies for Accelerating the Convergence of Average Cost Markov Decision Processes Using a Moving Average Digital Filter

This paper proposes a technique to accelerate the convergence of the value iteration algorithm applied to discrete average cost Markov decision processes. An adaptive partial information value iteration algorithm is proposed that updates an increasingly accurate approximate version of the original problem with a view to saving computations at the early iterations, when one is typically far from the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm is compared to classical value iteration for a broad set of adaptive parameters and the results suggest that significant computational savings can be obtained, while also ensuring a robust performance with respect to the parameters.

The Cost Control of Motor Housing Process

As for the assembly line of cost control of Toyota company in, the motor housing also needs cost control. Because the supply quantity of small motor is very large every month, the production line is needed to solve this problem. In addition to the control of equipment, personnel quantities and wages, the introduction of raw materials also needs to be controlled. Only in this way can we fundamentally solve the problem of high cost and low profit.

SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING WITH CONTROLLABLE PROCESSING TIMES AND COMPRESSION COSTS （PART I：EQUAL TIMES AND COSTS）

Abstract Most papers in scheduling research have treated individual job processing times as fixed parameters. However, in many practical situations, a manager may control processing time by reallocating resources. In this paper, authors consider a machine scheduling problem with controllable processing times. In the first part of this paper, a special case where the processing times and compression costs are uniform among jobs is discussed. Theoretical results are derived that aid in developing an O(n 2) algorithm to slove the problem optimally. In the second part of this paper, authors generalize the discussion to general case. An effective heuristic to the general problem will be presented.

Cost Control with Modeling in Motor Housing Process

With regards to the assembly line of cost control of Dechang company,the motor housing′s cost control of process will be necessarily appreciated.Though the supply quantity is large in a machine and the price of motor housing is cheaper,the cost control of automatic production line is significant in this respection.It is found that insufficiency power is main cause for production line failure.The cost control of equipment includes to structure wheel,conveyor and motor for benefit which also needs to be controlled in detail.Only in this way can we fundamentally resolve the main problem of high cost process.When the capital price L increases,Avc also increases too with nonlinear meantime,and Tc&Vc increase in proportion to K.Among them,the Tc increases the highest and then Vc increases lightly.Generally when labour quantity L and capital quantity K increase cost increases in proportion.

SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING WITH CONTROLLABLE PROCESSING TIMES AND COMPRESSION COSTS ： PROOF OF THEOREMS

Abstract This report is virtually the appendix part of the author's previous paper which includes the proofs for the theorems and lemmas.

Full-Process Cost Control of Real Estate Development Enterprises

In the present paper, cost control existing in stages of decision making, drawing design, construction bidding, construction, completion settlement, product sales of real estate development are analyzed and solutions for cost control in each stage are provided.

规范化体检管理流程对健康体检人群满意度及不良事件的影响

目的 探讨规范化体检管理流程对健康体检人群满意度及不良事件的影响。方法 选取2021年8月—2022年8月到佛山市中医院健康管理中心体检的74名健康人群为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为2组,各37名。对照组采用常规体检流程,观察组采用规范化体检管理流程。比较2组体检时间及健康知识掌握评分、满意度评分及不良事件发生率。结果 观察组健康知识掌握评分高于对照组,体检时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组满意度评分包括健康宣教(8.36±0.65)分、沟通能力(8.21±0.92)分、主动服务(9.16±0.21)分、护理礼仪(9.18±0.32)分,高于对照组的(6.62±1.21)、(6.45±1.35)、(8.26±0.56)、(8.05±0.45)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良事件总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 规范化体检管理流程应用在健康体检人群体检中效果明显,可缩短体检时间,提高体检满意度,减少不良事件发生率。

一站式预住院服务模式在肿瘤化疗患者中的应用实践

目的探讨一站式预住院服务模式在肿瘤化疗患者中的应用实践。方法选取江西省人民医院肿瘤科2023年1月至6月收治的180例恶性肿瘤化疗患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(90例)和观察组(90例)。对照组采用常规方法办理住院手续,观察组采用一站式预住院方法办理住院手续。比较两组患者办理入院手续耗时、治疗前的完成检查时间、住院天数、住院费用、病区护士接待新入院患者的护理耗时、患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数和患者满意度情况。结果观察组患者办理入院手续的耗时、治疗前的完成检查时间、住院天数短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院费用低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病区护士接待新入院观察组患者的护理耗时短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者住院治疗后的满意率为95.56%,高于对照组的87.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一站式预住院服务模式能有效缩短患者办理入院手续耗时,缩短治疗前的完成检查时间和住院天数,降低住院费用,缩短病区护士接待新入院患者的护理耗时,减少患者在病区和检查科室之间的往返次数,提高患者满意度,值得在临床进一步推广。

老油田掺水工艺能耗分析及节能优化技术研究

为实现老油田地面掺水工艺的简化优化,在水力和热力计算的基础上,利用Pipesim软件实现了双管掺水工艺、首端环状掺水工艺和末端环状掺水工艺的建模,研究了不同掺水方式、掺水量及掺水温度对能耗和运行费用的影响,并以总运行费用最低为目标函数,对不同工况下的最佳运行参数进行了求解。研究结果表明:随着掺水温度的升高,掺水系统的耗电量有所下降,随着掺水比的增加,耗电量呈先增加后降低再增加的趋势;耗气量与掺水温度和掺水比均呈正相关,在掺水比1.4之后的耗气量增幅不大;双管掺水工艺的运行费用最高,末端环状掺水工艺的运行费用最低。通过最优化求解,获得了不同月份的最优掺水温度和掺水量,工艺简化后,运行费用降低了63.3%~68.8%,年运行费用降低了37.31万元,节能潜力巨大。研究结果可为同类老油田地面方案的实施提供实际参考。

腹主动脉联合常规一站式胸痛三联CTA检查在急性胸痛患者诊疗中的价值

目的 探讨腹主动脉联合常规胸痛三联CT血管成像(triple rule-out computed tomography angiography, TRO-CTA)检查在急性胸痛患者检查中的价值。方法 回顾性纳入1 482例急性非创伤性胸痛患者,414例患者接受传统的TRO-CTA扫描,1 068例患者在临床医师的要求下接受包括腹主动脉的TRO-CTA扫描(TRO-CTAwAA)。两组患者主动脉期的扫描范围不同:常规TRO-CTA只扫描胸主动脉,TRO-CTAwAA扫描整个主动脉,其余所有的扫描参数均相同。采用卡方检验对两组主动脉主要血管异常(主动脉夹层、动脉瘤、穿透性溃疡、壁内血肿、血管闭塞和血栓形成)的检出率进行比较。采用方差分析(ANOVA)对两组辐射剂量(CTDIvol和DLP)和扫描时间进行比较。结果 TRO-CTAwAA组的主动脉异常检出率明显高于TRO-CTA组(35.1%vs. 4.8%,P<0.001)。在TRO-CTAwAA组中,有26.5%的血管异常在胸主动脉和腹主动脉上均可检出,另外8.6%只发生在腹主动脉上。两组间辐射剂量相比,TRO-CTAwAA组的总DLP明显高于常规TRO-CTA(P<0.001)。两组扫描时间对比差别无统计学意义(P=0.410)。结论 腹主动脉联合常规TRO-CTA检查,可显著提高急性胸痛患者主动脉血管异常的检出率,不增加检查流程。

全流程健康体检管理系统的设计与应用

目的解决体检管理系统信息孤岛问题,探索标准化、规范化的体检管理系统建设路径。方法健康体检管理系统设计依照体检业务检前、检中与检后流程设计,根据医院信息系统的医嘱字典定义体检检查项目名称与代码,利用主索引技术,通过医院集成平台直接从主数据的生产系统获取数据,实现临床数据与体检数据共享。结果该系统实现了体检者健康体检数据的互联互通及标准化管理,兼具终末管理及过程监督管理的需求。系统的应用有效降低了各体检套餐的开单耗时、缴费耗时与体检环节耗时,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);显著提升了体检医生满意度(P<0.001),符合体检中心人员对系统的期望值。结论该系统的设计与应用改进了现有健康管理服务模式,有利于系统向分院区辐射与推广。