Farming Ritual and Festival Folk Custom of Dong Ethnic Minority Group

In order to pray for harvest and express gratitude, Dong ethnic arranged sacrifices of farming in accordance with periodicity of rice production and its requirements to festivals and calendar. Meanwhile, New Year, Pray in Spring and Return in Autumn not only play significant roles in agricultural production, but also evolve to farming holidays which are enriched with more social connotations. Centered on husbandry and production, some folklore that is rich in local color has been formed in Dong society. The writer introduced some farming ritual of Dong ethnic group, such as, sowing, Kai Yang Men, Rain-praying, Chang Xin, reaping and Lunar New Year, summarized their belief in the land worship, festival ritual, ancestor ritual and ceres ritual. It is concluded that sacrifice is a production-related folklore, which is formed by repeated operation and constant practice. Some taboos were also prohibited in agricultural sacrifice because people were not able to change the unfavorable reality of farming with their insufficient experience and knowledge; however, they resorted to witchcraft for the purpose of harvest. It is believed that the activity of sacrifice will also be kept in the life of Dong ethnic group due to their dependency on agriculture and the land.

Genetic polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA HVS-I and HVS-II of Chinese Tu ethnic minority group

We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes, Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I and 40 in HVS-II were found in Chinese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences, and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-I, and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-II, respectively. By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-I, we defined some new types of sequence variations. We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-I sequences. According to Rst genetic distances, the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population, the Xi＇an Han population, the Chinese Korean, and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade. This indicated a close genetic relationship between them. There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations, Siberian, European, African, and other foreign populations. The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.

A Study on the Chess Culture of Ethnic Minority Groups in Gansu Province

As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago. Among these are various ethnic folk chess games. They are time-honored with many types such as the “Fang” chess of the Hui ethnic group, the “Jiu” chess of the Tibetans, the “King and Ministers” chess, the Mongolian chess, the Mongolian military chess, etc. These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics, as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group. It is of great significance, therefore, to study the ethnic chess by collecting, documenting and comparing different types of related chess. The paper explores ways to standardize, protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts, and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.

Book Review of A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao—A Guide to Traditional Yao Costumes and Ornaments

A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao,an album of pictures and texts on Yao clothing,the most comprehensive and systematic record of the dazzling costumes of the Yao ethnic minority which has been inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list of China since 2006,is of great academic value and practical significance to study the profound connotation of the Yao traditional culture.The various styles,colorful dress customs,and exquisite craftsmanship constitute the beautiful cultural landscape within the Yao ethnic minority,as well as the way to explore all the social aspects of the Yao ethnic minority.This book review aims to arouse the attention of all sectors of the community to the clothing of the Yao ethnic minority,which has met the greatest challenge of the collection and protection of the Yao costumes and ornaments.Thus it is expected to sort out and retain those precious records that have been drifting away via pictures and texts,which we have already started and will continue to do in accord with the national cultural development strategy.

On General Issues of Bilingual Education for Minority Ethnic Groups

Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country.China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems.In education,considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups,a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages;when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved,bilingual teaching will be employed.There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups:teaching in their own languages,with Mandarin Chinese added;teaching in Mandarin Chinese,with minority languages added;teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages.The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers.

Distribution of Dongxiang Folk Story Resources in Dongxiang Autonomous County,Gansu Province

Based on the field survey in Dongxiang Autonomous County of Gansu Province in 2017 and 2018,we found and obtained rich effective Dongxiang folk story resources.These first-hand story resources remain in relatively remote areas of the county,with elderly women in the Dongxiang Language Reservation Area in the central and east of the county as the main oral inheritance group.The distribution characteristics of folk stories:few people preserve most stories,while most people could not narrate complete stories,and few traditional story resources are widespread.At present,due to various reasons,the oral environment and inheritance status of folk stories in Dongxiang County is not optimistic,the survey is difficult,and the story resources are scattered,and there is a tendency to gradually disappear.Therefore,it is necessary to actively protect the existing Dongxiang folk artists and folk story resources,and to conduct digital sorting of these resources in time.

嘉绒藏族服饰符号在现代藏式家具中的创新设计

浓烈的色彩和神秘的符号不仅是藏族服饰和藏式家具的灵魂,也是整个藏文化的独特气息所在。在共同灵魂作用下,藏族服饰和藏式家具不可避免会产生相互交融。针对当下嘉绒藏式家具的市场“失语”困境,以符号学理论为基础,采用文献调查法和图示解析法提取嘉绒藏族传统服饰符号系统中有代表性的宗教信仰符号、性别结构符号、装饰纹样符号及材质色彩符号,将其用于现代藏式家具的设计实践指导中,最终通过设计案例找到二者之间的契合点和交融方式,验证设计思路的可行性,借此激发现代藏式家具的活力,从而推动嘉绒藏族传统文化的传承与创新。

中国古代北方民族丧葬仪式、特点及影响

葬礼作为人生的最后一项礼仪,是生者举行的哀悼和纪念死者的仪式。作为一种文化习俗,北方少数民族的丧葬仪式意蕴丰富,形态多样,并随着社会发展而不断演变。古代北方少数民族的丧葬仪式,呈现出共有性、宗教色彩浓厚、“游牧”特征、丧葬形式多样性等四个特点。北方民族丧葬仪式的变化,既有北方少数民族之间相互影响的因素,又有汉族对北方少数民族影响的因素。北方少数民族丧葬仪式的鲜明特征、汉化的发展趋势,体现了民族交往交流交融的多元化形态,是观察历史上民族交往交流交融的重要窗口。

古代中国边疆民族的服饰文化与交流

古代中国的边疆民族是多元文化的交汇点,西域的草原、南疆的丘陵形成了特有的服饰,反映了各民族的生活方式、宗教信仰和社会结构。服饰文化的多样性促进了商品的贸易,加强了文化的互动和影响。

从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变——《旅行杂志》中的云南边疆民族认知变迁

在以《旅行杂志》涉滇内容为切入点的探讨中,可以看到从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变及内地对云南边疆民族认知变迁。近代中国,“华夷”观与“中华民族”说并存。民国以后,尤其抗战后“中华民族”说渐被认同,但“华夷”观仍有影响。新中国建立后,“劳动者”“建设者”取代“华夷”,认同基准重构。《旅行杂志》不同时期对云南民族形象呈现不同,抗战前是“远夷”,抗战时是“典范”,建国后是“劳动者”“建设者”。形象差异源于接触程度和观念转变。中华民族形成过程中各民族共同开拓疆域、缔造国家、书写历史、创造文化、培育精神,《旅行杂志》从一个微观视角反映了其凝聚融合过程。

社会保障满意度何以提升少数民族群体的国家认同——以类型细分为视角的实证分析

突破对社会保障体系与国家认同的整全型认知,以国家认同和社会保障制度进行类型细分为主线构建分析框架,以“2021年中国社会状况综合调查”(CSS2021)数据为资料进行实证分析表明,当代中国少数民族群体的社会保障满意度对该群体的理性赞同型国家认同具有支撑促进作用,但不能促进该群体的情感归属型国家认同;少数民族群体对“普惠型社会保障”的满意度对该群体的国家认同具有支撑作用,但少数民族群体对“救济型社会保障”的满意度对其国家认同不具有影响。实证分析结果在一定意义上回应了理论界关于少数民族群体社会保障满意度与国家认同关系的理论论争,可为少数民族社会保障政策实施过程中精准发力提供理论参考,助力中华民族共同体意识的培育。

人口较少民族聚居区保持型双语教育兴起的归因分析——以裕固族聚居区为例

中国少数民族地区双语教育类型大致可分为过渡型双语教育和保持型双语教育两种,近年来在人口较少民族聚居区兴起的双语教育属于保持型双语教育。通过运用教育人类学持续观察法对裕固族聚居区的保持型双语教育的兴起进行归因分析,发现教育系统外部主要原因有本族语言及传统文化趋于濒危和族群性的焦虑加剧,以及可供社会行动者选择的实践策略空间在相关政策叠加实施的背景中生成和拓展;教育系统内部的主要原因有校本课程开发的蓬勃兴起和民族文化精英的强力推动。从当下中国的经验事实和情境分析来看,“完善差别化的区域政策”可以作为新时代少数民族地区双语教育政策的基本定位和主导逻辑。

海南苗族女性服饰的“短缺”设计特色及变迁分析

海南苗族女性的传统服饰是我国苗族女性服饰中的一种独立类型,但外界对其服饰的设计特色知之甚少。由研究可知,海南苗族女性的传统服饰具有突出的“短缺”设计特征,主要表现在上衣的前襟左长右短、蜡染裙的门襟开敞暴露等方面,但又通过上衣和下裙相互取长补短的配套设计弥补了这种“短缺”。海南苗族女性服饰具有半遮半露的独特风格,是适应海南苗族独特的地理居住环境和社会历史发展条件下的产物。同时,针对因这种“短缺”设计而引起的当代海南苗族女性传统服装样式的变迁现象,从非遗传承活态流变性规律的角度进行了分析和思考。

中华民族共同体意识融入校园教育路径研究——以云南民族地区民间文学类国家级“非遗”为例

民间文学类非物质文化遗产与中华民族共同体意识教育分属文化和教育两大不同系统,但却有着内在的关联。其关联在于不同民族的民间文学类“非遗”项目中蕴含着丰富的中华民族共同体意识,为开展中华民族共同体意识教育提供了直接的资源。在云南各民族民间文学“非遗”项目的教育资源、媒介优势及其多渠道多层次进校园的教育路径,对云南边疆民族地区中华民族共同体意识教育极具意义。

从特征辨识到图像生成:基于AIGC范式的苗族服饰设计

苗族服饰是中国民族服饰体系中重要的组成部分,在商品化发展中开辟了广阔的市场,但产品同质化现象将阻碍民族文化的进一步发展,人工智能生成内容(AIGC)的发展为传统服饰设计提供了新的可能。文章基于苗族服饰现代化的需要,通过搭建多模型组合流程,为苗族服饰成衣化设计提供灵感样本。实验结果表明,以服饰辨识性为基础,采用Lora训练方式,仅需少量样本即可实现苗族服饰特征在Stable Diffusion生成内容中的迁移。将深度学习引入非遗服饰现代化的进程中,旨在助力非遗服饰朝着成衣化、多样化、大众化方向发展,以数字化方式推动民族服饰转型升级。

达斡尔族传统纹样在娃衣设计中的应用

达斡尔族是黑龙江“三少”民族之一,该民族没有本民族的语言文字,其文化传承和保护陷入困境。达斡尔族传统服饰纹样反映了达斡尔族人民生活和历史文化的演变,其设计大都来源于大自然,体现了达斡尔族人民对自然、天地、动植物等的崇拜和敬畏之情,是一个重要的文化传播载体。通过研究达斡尔族服饰纹样的形式特点,分析斡尔族传统服饰的纹样、色彩、图案等服饰元素,将传统纹样进行融合创新再应用到娃衣设计中,使人们能够更好地认识和了解达斡尔族的民族文化,唤醒人们对传统文化尊重和热爱的同时,让人们感受到达斡尔族文化的独特魅力。并且能够传播保护非遗文化和达斡尔族的精神内涵,促进少数民族情感交流。

贵州苗族传统文化造物的童帽艺术研究

苗族传统文化思想影响着生活中造物。文章以贵州黔东南苗族村落为调研对象,了解苗族文化中不仅有着繁衍生命、多子多孙的生殖崇拜,更有着重视佑护子孙长大成人的美好寓意。庇护幼童的文化行为主要表现为民风民俗的造物行为。这类造物行为主要涉及服饰、器具等方面,以此形成苗族文化造物的多个类型。内容以苗族宗教信仰为线索,一是阐述苗族“佑子观”的形成及三种主要的传统造物类型;二是以苗族孩童头帽作为样本对象,寻访民间制作人,并通过图纹、材料、形制、刺绣针法等分析头帽的传统制作工艺;三是表明苗族“佑子观”的深层意蕴下现今苗族孩童童帽的概貌。

仪式与形式——通道侗族芦笙衣的演变与转向

芦笙衣,又名百鸟衣,为侗族传统的服饰之一,普遍出现在侗族的重大节日或者祭典仪式上,其中湖南通道、贵州黎平、广西三江的侗族芦笙衣最具代表性。通道侗族芦笙衣集多元文化之基因,以物化的形式成为侗族优秀历史文化的载体,承载着侗族的历史人文信息。多元文化与民族工艺的碰撞,文化基因与造物者意识形态的融合,铸就通道侗族芦笙衣丰富的审美意蕴及艺术特征,并深刻诠释了其文化形态特征和衍变特点。