A method to refine crude cottonseed oil using non-toxic polyamine-based cationic polymers

The traditional method to refine crude cottonseed oil is time-consuming and expensive.This study evaluates the effectiveness of coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation process using quaternary polyamine-based polymers in refining crude cottonseed oil.Flocculated by four commercial polyamine-based cationic polymers(SL2700,SL3000,SL4500 and SL5000)with varied molecular weight(MW)and charge density(CD)and followed by coagulation with sodium hydroxide,crude cottonseed oil can be effectively purified.Free fatty acids,gossypol,pigments and trace elements are all effectively and sufficiently removed by the four polymers in a MW-and CDdependent manner.Our results suggest that the use of polyamine-based cationic polymers may offer an effective and feasible alternative to the traditional method for crude cottonseed oil refining.

Superoxide Anion Release by Human Blood Phagocytes Can Increase the Microbicidal Activity Induced by a New Microemulsioned System Containing Cotton Oil

The study aimed to develop and characterize a microemulsified system based on cotton oil and verify its effect on superoxide release anion and microbicidal activity by human peripheral blood cells. Microemulsions were formulated using distilled water, degummed cotton oil, Span 80 (SP), Tween 80 (TW), and 1-butanol (BT). The pseudo-ternary diagram delimited ME regions, and the points were pre-selected. The physical-chemical and rheological characterization of the microemulsions was carried out. The ME activity on the interactions between leukocytes and bacteria was analyzed by superoxide release, phagocytosis, and microbicidal activity. The developed formulation was classified as Oil/Water, with an average pH of 5.76, and the viscosity showed resistance to temperature changes. The rheological model of the Power Law classified the microemulsion as a non-Newtonian fluid with pseudoplastic characteristics. The cell viability of cotton oil microemulsion was greater than 90%. There was an increase in the superoxide release by MN phagocytes when treated with cotton oil microemulsion. The cotton oil microemulsion increased phagocytosis and microbicidal activity. The present study suggests that cotton oil is an alternative biomaterial for therapeutic applications, especially in treating infections.

How to Adjust XPCC's Planting Structure of Grain,Cotton,Oil and Sugar?

XPCC has long shouldered the mission of exploitation of virgin land in border area,but the special geographic distribution leads to regional segmentation and administrative division in the planting structure of grain,cotton,oil and sugar for XPCC. Since 1980,XPCC's total planting area of grain,cotton,oil and sugar has increased steadily year by year. The yield levels show a unimodal trend; the total yield of cotton has been showing a geometric growth trend; the total yield of oil crops and sugar beet shows a fluctuating growth trend,but the total yield of grain crops shows a bimodal growth trend. XPCC's grain crops are mainly in the farms of Division 4 in Ili Valley and Division 6 in Changji;cotton production in South and North Xinjiang is basically the same,and the yield in South Xinjiang is slightly higher than in North Xinjiang,but cotton can not be planted in most farms of Division 9 and Division 10; oil crops are grown mainly in cold regions; sugar beet is mainly in the farms of Division 2,Division 4,Division 7 and Division 9. Some factors are limiting XPCC's farming development such as unreasonable agricultural structure,quite different regional production levels and great grain crop yield fluctuations. Therefore,it is recommended to optimize regional distribution,increase efforts to promote new technologies,and strengthen brand building to help XPCC to give play to the agricultural resource advantages.

Cottonseed Protein, Oil, and Mineral Nutrition in Near-Isogenic <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>Cotton Lines Expressing Leaf Color Phenotypes under Field Conditions

Information about the effects of phenotype traits on cottonseed protein, oil, and nutrients is scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of leaf color trait on seed nutrition in near-isogenic Gossypium hirsutum cotton expressing green (G) and yellow (Y) leaf color phenotypes. Our hypothesis was that leaf color can influence the accumulation of nutrients in seeds. Sets of isogenic lines were: DES 119 (G) and DES 119 (Y);DP 5690 (G) and DP 5690 (Y);MD 51ne (G) and MD 51ne (Y);SG 747 (G) and SG 747 (Y). Each NIL set is 98.44 % identical. Parent line SA 30 (P) was used as the control. The experiment was repeated for two years (2014 and 2015). The results showed that, in 2014, seed oil in DES 119 (G) and SG 747 (G) were significantly higher than their equivalent yellow lines. Green lines showed higher content of phosphorus compared with yellow lines. Higher levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn were recorded in DES 119 (G) and MD 51ne (G). In 2015, seed protein, oil, C, N, P, B, Cu, and Fe were higher in green lines than in yellow lines. There was a significant correlation between protein and nutrients, and between oil and nutrients in 2015, but not in 2014 as the temperature was warmer in 2015 than in 2014. This research demonstrated that leaf color can alter seed composition and mineral nutrition under certain environmental growing conditions such as temperature.

棉秆和油页岩共热解生物炭的氨氮吸附性能研究

使用棉秆(CS)和油页岩(OS)为原料,采用共热解的方式制备了共热解生物炭,探究了对氨氮的吸附性能。考察了不同热解时间、CS和OS比例、热解温度、CS的粒径对共热解生物炭的氨氮吸附量的影响规律,确定了最佳制备条件,并研究了吸附动力学和吸附等温线模型。研究表明,棉秆和油页岩共热解后生物炭的结构特性和表面形貌有较大改善,对氨氮的吸附能力有明显的提高。最佳的制备条件是热解温度为500℃、m(棉秆)∶m(油页岩)=3∶1、热解时间为30 min和CS的粒径为0.20~0.30 mm。在投加量为10.0 g/L、pH 9.0时,最佳条件所制备炭的吸附量为4.89 mg/g,是棉秆生物炭的2.2倍。吸附过程以准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述。吸附机制主要包括为离子交换、静电吸附和配位作用。

Waterproof and Oil Repellent Treatments of Cotton Fabric

The waterproof and oil-repellent finishing of the dyed single-sided plain cotton fabric was carried out by two-dip and two-pad process. The influences of baking temperature (&deg;C), baking time (min), concentration of finishing solution (g/L) and percentage of liquid on waterproof effect of fabric were analyzed;the influences of the contact angle and the baking temperature (&deg;C), the baking time (min) and the concentration of the finishing agent (g/L) on the oil repellency of the fabric were investigated. The results showed that the best water-repellent finishing technology for cotton fabric was the concentration of finishing agent 30 g/L, the baking temperature 110&deg;C, the baking time 1.5 min and the liquid-uptake 70%. The best oil-repellent finishing process for cotton fabric is 35 g/L for finishing agent, 150&deg;C for baking temperature, and 1.5 min for baking time and pick up rate of 80%. After cotton fabric is treated with water-repellent and oil-repellent agent, the water-repellent contact angle of the fabric can reach 128&deg;and the oil-repellent grade 6. The best finishing effect is obtained at this time. After the finishing agent acts on the surface of the fibre, the surface properties of the fibre can be changed, and the surface of the fibre can be changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The finishing agent has good film-forming property, which makes the surface of cotton fibre smooth and has good waterproof and oil-repellent performance.

Evaluation of Some Promising Soybean Genotypes to Infestation with Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) under Field Conditions

A two-year study was carried out in Giza Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt in the 2020 and 2021 summer seasons to evaluate the relative tolerance of ten soybean genotypes for cotton leafworm infestation under field conditions. Soybean genotypes H11L145, H155, H113, H4L4, H15L17, H129, H30, H19L96, Giza 111, and Crawford were distributed in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Soybean genotypes differed significantly for cotton leafworm at the 6th, 7th, and 8th week from sowing. Low values of cotton leafworm assemblages were recorded for H113, H4L4, H15L17, Giza 111, and H129. Low percentages of the larval survival number and weight, as well as the number of the survival of pupa were recorded by feeding on leaves of genotypes H4F4, H15L17, and Giza 111 under laboratory conditions. There were significant differences among the studied genotypes in most yield attributes in both seasons. Soybean genotypes H15L17, Giza 111, H113, H129, H19L96, and H4L4 gave higher seed yield per ha, meanwhile soybean genotypes H155, H19L96, H30, Giza 111, and H15L17 had higher seed oil content than the other genotypes in both seasons. The number and weight of larvae surviving, as well as the number of pupa survival, were negatively correlated with leaf total phenols and seed oil content. It can be concluded that soybean genotypes H15L17, H4L4, and Giza 111 are promising genotypes with desirable seed oil content for tolerating cotton leafworm infestation in breeding programs.

纯亚麻短麻色纺纱的生产及成纱性能

针对当前亚麻短麻色纺纱少且短麻利用率不高等问题,采用梳棉试样机对化学脱胶后的亚麻短麻纤维进行2次梳理开松,再经染色处理、给油加湿焖包处理,最后在棉纺设备上进行试纺。通过优化纺纱各工序的工艺参数配置,成功纺制出41.7 tex纯亚麻短麻色纺纱,测试了其成纱质量指标,并与41.7 tex亚麻湿纺染色纱、41.7 tex纯亚麻纱线染色纱进行性能对比。结果表明:在棉纺设备上所纺制的41.7 tex纯亚麻短麻色纺纱的主要成纱指标达到了T/CNTAC60—2020《干纺环锭纺纯亚麻本色纱》优等纱质量标准;其断裂强度、强力CV值、断裂伸长率等均介于同线密度的纯亚麻湿纺染色纱和纯亚麻纱线染色纱之间,可部分替代纯亚麻湿纺染色纱用于后续织造工艺。

酶促咖啡酸制备超疏水棉织物及其油水分离应用

海上溢油事故和工业废水的排放对环境造成的危害日益严重,为此选用棉织物并对其进行超疏水改性使其成为油水分离材料。先利用漆酶、咖啡酸和Fe^(2+)在棉织物表面构建微米级粗糙结构,之后利用低表面能物质十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)修饰制备出具有复合结构的超疏水改性棉织物。对改性棉织物的表面形貌、化学组成、耐久稳定性、自清洁性能和油水分离性能进行测试。结果表明:当咖啡酸浓度为3 mg/L、硫酸亚铁浓度为12 mg/L、漆酶浓度为0.75 U/mL、HDTMS浓度为1%(质量分数,下同)时,制备的改性棉织物具有良好的超疏水性能,静态接触角高达164.6°,滚动角为6.75°。改性棉织物在耐摩擦、耐酸碱、耐水洗的测试中均表现出稳定的超疏水性能,并表现出良好的自清洁性能,在经过15次油水分离循环后,分离效率能保持在96%以上,在自清洁服装和油水分离的应用方面具有巨大的潜力。

MTMS水解溶液整理棉织物的性能研究

为拓展棉织物在油水分离领域的应用,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为功能单体,将其与体积比为1∶1的氨水和无水乙醇(EtOH)混合水解,采用一步浸渍法制备超疏水/超亲油棉织物,分析了MTMS含量及水解时间对织物表面化学结构及润湿性的影响,探讨了整理棉织物涂层的稳定性、耐久性和油水分离性能。结果表明:当MTMS与EtOH体积比为1∶50并水解150 min时,所整理棉织物水接触角高达(158.6±0.9)°,滚动角为9°;MTMS整理织物表面引入了Si—CH_(3)、Si—O基团,Si元素含量为3.30%;整理棉织物经过8 000次循环摩擦、120 h紫外老化及24 h酸碱溶液或有机溶剂浸泡后,水接触角均保持在151°以上,具有优异的机械稳定性、化学耐久性和自清洁性;经5次油水分离测试,整理的棉织物分离效率均在97.0%左右,油水分离通量约为42.3 L/(m^(2)·h)。

高碘值脂肪酸皂对磷矿浮选性能及机理研究

为研究高碘值脂肪酸皂捕收剂正反浮选富集低品位胶磷矿性能,以湖北某胶磷矿为试验对象,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占96.77%,矿浆温度40℃下,以Na_(2)CO_(3)作为p H调整剂,水玻璃和NO-2作为正浮选抑制剂,H_(2)SO_(4)、H_(3)PO_(4)作为反浮选调整剂,以高碘值脂肪酸皂作为捕收剂,通过正浮选1粗1精1扫与反浮选1粗2扫闭路试验,获得磷精矿P_(2)O_(5)品位为30.32%,回收率为83.45%的浮选指标。结果表明,在正反浮选中使用高碘值脂肪酸皂作为捕收剂,能有效提高磷精矿的品位,磷矿P_(2)O_(5)品位从22.11%提至30.32%,高碘值脂肪酸皂具有较好的正反浮选性能。

棉花副产品利用研究进展

棉花是重要的经济作物,除了广泛应用的棉纤维以外,棉籽、棉籽壳、棉籽蛋白、棉叶、棉杆、棉酚等副产品经过再加工在各个产业都有很高的潜在利用价值,介绍了棉花副产品利用的研究进展,为棉花的综合利用提供参考。

重金属镉胁迫下棉花纤维品质和棉籽油质量的变化及评价

为探究Cd污染对棉花纤维品质和棉籽油质量的影响,明晰棉花产物质量变化规律,本试验以棉花品种中棉所65为材料,设置6个土壤有效Cd含量[0.97 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd1)、11.21 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd11)、14.26 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd14)、23.30 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd23)、49.36 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd49)和77.11 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd77)],测定不同含量Cd胁迫下棉花叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、各个器官的Cd含量、部分农艺性状、纤维品质及棉籽油质量,评价棉花纤维和棉籽油中Cd含量。试验结果显示:Cd胁迫对棉花株高影响差异显著。Cd11处理棉花总生物量较Cd1处理显著增加,而Cd23处理棉花总生物量显著下降。棉花富集Cd的主要器官为叶柄、茎和根,且不同含量土壤Cd污染环境下棉花不同器官对Cd的富集能力存在差异。随着Cd含量的增加,棉花纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、纤维伸长率和纺纱均匀性指数显著降低,而断裂比强度和马克隆值变化不显著。在Cd49和Cd77处理条件下,棉花纤维中Cd含量超过GB/T 18885—2020规定的总Cd含量,棉花纤维使用存在风险。棉籽油中未检测到Cd,Cd胁迫对棉籽油的过氧化值影响不显著。随着Cd离子含量增加,棉籽出油率先上升后下降,棉籽油的酸价增加,导致棉籽油质量下降。研究表明,棉花具有优异的Cd耐受性及Cd累积能力,Cd胁迫显著降低了棉花纤维上半部分平均长度、整齐度指数、纤维伸长率和纺纱均匀性指数,降低了棉籽油出油率,增加了棉籽油酸价。

木棉/棉水刺非织造布的制备及吸油性能评价

为了探究木棉制品在面部油脂吸附中的应用,将木棉和棉纤维以5种不同的比例(0∶10、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、10∶0)混合梳理成纤维网,通过三道水刺加固制成非织造布。测试并表征了这5种非织造布的表面形貌、孔径分布、表面润湿性、吸油性能和瞬间吸附性能,并与市面上现有的吸油面巾纸做了对比分析。结果表明:水刺不会破坏木棉的空腔结构,且5种样品均具有很好的疏水亲油性;当木棉/棉混合比为7/3时,非织造布的吸油倍率(31.28)和保油率(94.69%)最高,且油液主要会附着在纤维表面、纤维与纤维间隙及纤维空腔中;此外,当木棉与棉的混合比为5/5时,0.5 s内的平均吸附速率最大(1.569 g/s)。研究表明木棉/棉水刺非织造布具有很好的吸油保油性能,为后续开发绿色环保木棉基吸油面巾纸提供了一定的理论参考。

基于微型流化床的油页岩与棉秆共热解特性及其动力学

采用微型流化床反应分析仪分析油页岩与棉秆共热解特性,探讨不同热解温度和混合比例对H_(2)、CH_(4)、CO、CO_(2)释放特性的影响,并利用等转化率法求解动力学参数,研究共热解过程中的相互作用。结果表明,油页岩和棉秆的单独热解气体释放特性存在明显差异,而在等温共热解过程中,棉秆的添加能加快反应的转化率,提高气体生成速率。通过Friedman-Reich-Levi方法计算气体生成活化能,结果显示共热解活化能明显低于理论值,表明共热解能提高原料热解反应性,促进气体的生成。

原位构筑双尺度MOF超疏水棉织物的制备及其性能

棉织物的亲水性限制了其在自清洁防污、油水分离等方面的应用。为了解决这一问题,采用原位生长法在棉织物表面制备具有双尺度微纳米结构的金属有机框架,配合十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷赋予其低表面能。改性之后的棉织物静态接触角最高达164.1°,滚动角为6.9°;在1 000次摩擦和15次水洗测试后仍然保持超疏水性能,并表现出良好的自清洁性能;经过15次油水分离循环后,分离效率保持在96%以上,油水分离性能良好。

无氟防水防油剂X-8801在纯棉针织上的异面整理研究

选用具有防水防植物油性质的无氟整理剂X-8801、缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂AX-230和交联剂AX-101P,采用丝网印花的方法对纯棉针织物进行单面防水防污整理。探讨增稠剂用量、整理剂用量、焙烘温度和交联剂用量对整理效果的影响,测试了整理织物的手感和色变性能。结果表明,整理织物的防水防污面抗湿性可以达到4级,对老抽和玉米油的耐沾污性可以达到5级,同时织物的未处理面仍可保持本身的亲水性,润湿时间为1 s,且织物的手感和色变较小。结合交联剂AX-101P使用,可以提升整理效果的耐洗性,水洗5次后,抗湿性为3级,对老抽和玉米油的耐沾污性为5级。优化整理工艺为:无氟整理剂X-880170 g/L,交联剂AX-101P 10 g/L,增稠剂AX-23015%,150~170℃焙烘90 s。

提升散棉可纺性的抗静电整理

研究散棉的抗静电整理方法,以提升可纺性并兼顾环保与健康因素。经红外光谱分析发现工厂用抗静电剂含有潜在致癌成分氯化苄,因此被禁用,研究了传化环保抗静电剂及其与硅油复配后的效果。结果表明,与硅油复配的传化环保抗静电剂在抗静电性能上优于工厂用抗静电剂。此外对织物的手感、白度、色变和耐干/湿摩擦色牢度的影响与工厂用抗静电剂相当。因此,传化环保抗静电剂是一种可行的替代方案,为散棉的抗静电整理提供了一种环保解决方案,具有重要的应用潜力。

植物中药抗菌驱蚊功能棉纤维的制备及性能

为了赋予棉纤维抗菌、防蚊功能,将植物精油微胶囊、尼姆树果实、绿茶提取物配制成一定浓度的混合液,再放入经过预处理的棉纤维进行特殊处理,制得抗菌驱蚊棉纤维,并利用相关仪器或设备测试了该纤维的相关性能。结果表明:与未经处理的棉纤维相比,处理后的抗菌驱蚊棉纤维断裂强度降低了0.33 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率增加了1.04%,回潮率增加了1.51%。由抗菌驱蚊棉纤维洗前和水洗20次抗菌效果对比分析可知,功能棉纤维对3种菌的抑制率分别可以达到98.60%、97.22%、95.34%和95.42%、93.51%、90.46%;水洗0次和水洗20次的驱蚊率分别达到78.80%和47.80%。

Energy Valorization by Continuous Pyrolysis of Straight Vegetable Oils (SVOs)

Researches have been undertaken to find a form of valorization of the surplus production of vegetable oils in C&#244te d’Ivoire for their use as a substitute diesel. The first tests of the use of crude oils-diesel blends by the company Palmindustrie faced enormous difficulties. We have therefore undertaken a campaign of pyrolysis of Tropical Straight Vegetable Oils: palm, copra, peanut, cotton, cabbage palm and shea, between 400°C and 600°C under atmospheric pressure. A silica support was used in co-catalysis either with water or with methylcyclohexane, which is a model compound of cetanes contained in gas oil. This compound has the advantage, unlike the gas oil itself, of not masking the peaks of the pyrolysis recombinates of oils in the chromatograms. The condensed organic phase consists mainly of hydrocarbons including paraffins, olefins, alkylbenzenes and styrenes. The yields of liquid hydrocarbons vary between 72% and 86%. A comparative study of coke precursors and gas production was carried out. A discussion on the parameters to be considered for a large-scale implementation was undertaken.