Effect of Transgenic Bt plus CpTI Cotton on Carboxylesterase and Acetylcholinesterase of Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii

[Objective] The research aimed to assess the effect of transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton variety SGK321 on carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and provide theoretical basis for studying the biosafety of transgenic cotton.[Method] Cotton aphids were fed with SGK321 and Shiyuan321（normal parental varieties） for over 40 generations.Enzyme activities were compared between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2,3,41,42 and 43 generations with those on Shiyuan321.[Result] The carboxylesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1 generation was significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321.Acetylcholinesterase activity of cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for 1,2 and 3 generations were significantly higher than those feeding on Shiyuan321 in the same generation.But there was no significant difference of enzyme activity between cotton aphids feeding on SGK321 for a long term and those feeding on parental cotton.[Conclusion] The cotton aphid that feeding on transgenic Bt plus CpTI cotton SGK321 for a long time has adaptivity to SGK321 by regulating the detoxifying enzyme.

The damage risk evaluation of Aphis gossypii on wheat by host shift and fitness comparison in wheat and cotton

Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide. Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum. However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong＇Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat. The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method. A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study. The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypfi colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization. Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton. This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances. Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypfi on wheat production.

Biochemical Characterization of Detoxifying Enzymes in Dimethoate-Resistant Strains of Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and non-persistently transmitted. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though resistance to insecticides has been documented worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management strategies. The present investigation was conducted to study the development of resistance to an organophosphate (OP) compound-dimethoate, identify biochemical mechanism(s) involved in resistance and study cross-resistance to imidacloprid in laboratory selected A. gossypii strains in comparison to susceptible strains. Bioassay studies revealed that the LC50 values increased dramatically with dimethoate selection in resistant strains and the resistance ratio (RR) was 270-, 243- and 210-fold greater than that of the susceptible strains by 30th generation. Further, biochemical assays revealed enhanced activities of carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450-mediated p-Nitroanisole O-demethylase (PNOD) in resistant strains supporting their role in dimethoate detoxification. This study thus revealed that enhanced activity of detoxifying enzymes viz., CarE, GSTs and PNODs is one of the mechanisms underlying dimethoate resistance in A. gossypii collected from South India. Interestingly, the possibility of negatively correlated cross-resistance to imidacloprid was identified in three OP- resistant strains exhibiting 2.97-, 2.56- and 3.76-fold sensitivity to imidacloprid (a novel neonicotinoid). This indicated that the latter was less affected by the resistance mechanism(s) present.

Biochemical Characterization of Detoxifying Enzymes in Dimethoate-Resistant Strains of Melon Aphid, <i>Aphis gossypii</i>(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous sap sucking pest on wide varieties of crops including cotton and vegetables. It is a notorious vector of many plant viruses that are persistently and non-persistently transmitted. In nature, aphids are regulated by their natural enemies. However, chemical control remains a major management tool even though resistance to insecticides has been documented worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms by which insecticide resistance occurs and its early detection is desirable to develop effective management strategies. The present investigation was conducted to study the development of resistance to an organophosphate (OP) compound-dimethoate, identify biochemical mechanism(s) involved in resistance and study cross-resistance to imidacloprid in laboratory selected A. gossypii strains in comparison to susceptible strains. Bioassay studies revealed that the LC50 values increased dramatically with dimethoate selection in resistant strains and the resistance ratio (RR) was 270-, 243- and 210-fold greater than that of the susceptible strains by 30th generation. Further, biochemical assays revealed enhanced activities of carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450-mediated p-Nitroanisole O-demethylase (PNOD) in resistant strains supporting their role in dimethoate detoxification. This study thus revealed that enhanced activity of detoxifying enzymes viz., CarE, GSTs and PNODs is one of the mechanisms underlying dimethoate resistance in A. gossypii collected from South India. Interestingly, the possibility of negatively correlated cross-resistance to imidacloprid was identified in three OP- resistant strains exhibiting 2.97-, 2.56- and 3.76-fold sensitivity to imidacloprid (a novel neonicotinoid). This indicated that the latter was less affected by the resistance mechanism(s) present.

The influence of Tetranychus cinnabarinus-induced plant defense responses on Aphis gossypii development

Carmine spider mites （Tetranychus cinnabarinus） and cotton aphids （Aphis gossypii） are both serious pests of cotton, and cause reductions in yields of this key agricultural crop. In order to gain insights into how plant defense responses induced by one herbivore species affect the behavior and performance of another, we examined how infestation with T. cinnabarinus influences the development of A. gossypfi using cotton as a model. In this study, we measured the activities of several important biochemical markers and secondary metabolites in the leaves of cotton seedlings responding to infestation by T. cinnabarinus. Furthermore, the influences of T. cinnabarinus infestation on the development ofA. gossypfi in cotton were also examined. Our data showed that the activities of several key defense enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, peroxidase （POD）, lipoxygenase （LOX）, and polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, were substantially increased in cotton seedlings responding to spider mite infestation. Further, the contents of gossypol and condensed tannins, key defensive compounds, were significantly enhanced in leaves of cotton seedlings following T. cinnabarinus infestation. Moreover, the T. cinnabarinus-induced production of defense enzymes and secondary metabolites was correlated with infestation density. The developmental periods of A. gossypii on cotton seedling leaves infested with T. cinnabarinus at densities of 10 and 15 individuals cm-2 were 1.16 and 1.18 times that of control, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean relative growth rates of A. gossypfi on cotton leaves infested with T. cinnabarinus at densities of 8, 10 and 15 individuals cm-2 were significantly reduced. Therefore, these data suggested that the developmental periods of A. gossypfi were significantly lengthened and the mean relative growth rates were markedly reduced when cotton aphids were reared on plants infested with high densities of spider mites. This research sheds light on the role that inducible defense responses played in plant-mediated interspecific interactions between T. cinnabarinus and A. gossypfi.

棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover在棉花不同品种上的生长繁育和排蜜的研究

在室內饲养不同品种棉苗上的棉蚜,其生长、敏育和排蜜情况有显著差异。我们对新疆主栽的6个棉花品种上棉蚜的平均相对生长量、个体生殖力、种群数量增殖率和棉蚜排泄的蜜滴直径、蜜滴重量、棉蚜排蜜频率等进行了研究,并对棉花品种的內部含糖量进行了测定。在供试的棉花品种中,“军棉一号”和“大铃棉”叶片內部含糖量高,其相应地棉蚜生长发育快,排蜜量也多;长绒棉“新海三号”和“新海七号”次之;而“新陆早一号”和“新陆中一号”上的棉蚜相对生长发育慢,排蜜量也少。

金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421对棉蚜、绿盲蝽的田间防效

棉花是我国重要的经济作物,虫害严重制约了棉花生产,造成棉农的经济损失。目前,化学杀虫剂仍是防治棉花虫害的主要手段,长期使用化学杀虫剂导致棉蚜Aphis gossypii、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum产生抗药性,降低防治效果。本研究使用80亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421可分散油悬浮剂防治棉蚜、绿盲蝽,室内生测结果表明,金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421能有效侵染棉蚜和绿盲蝽,随着浓度的升高,对棉蚜和绿盲蝽的毒力增强。田间试验结果表明,该药剂能有效控制棉花主要害虫棉蚜和绿盲蝽。采用1200 mL/hm 2用量,药后14 d对棉蚜的防效达94.42%;采用1350 mL/hm 2用量,药后14 d对绿盲蝽的防效分别达到87.25%(新疆),91.62%(湖北)。

基于刺探电位技术的四个枸杞品种对棉蚜的抗性评价

【目的】明确4个枸杞品种对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的抗性差异,以探明抗虫因子及位点,并筛选抗蚜枸杞品种。【方法】利用刺吸电位图谱(electrical penetration graph, EPG)技术记录棉蚜成蚜在4个枸杞品种(宁杞1号、宁杞5号、宁杞7号和宁杞10号)上的取食行为,并利用室内抗蚜性鉴定和聚类分析相结合的方法对不同枸杞品种对棉蚜成蚜的抗性进行综合评价。【结果】棉蚜成蚜在取食4个枸杞品种时呈现出Np, A, G, B, C, Pd, E和F波8种波形。在棉蚜成蚜的取食过程中,E1总持续时间在宁杞1号上最长,在宁杞5号和宁杞7号上次之,在宁杞10号上最短;E2波持续时间以在宁杞10号上最长,在宁杞1号上最短;F波持续时间在宁杞1号上最长,在宁杞10号上最短,在宁杞5号和宁杞7号上的F波持续时间介于前两者之间,说明宁杞1号的机械抗性较强,而宁杞10号机械抗性较弱。通过抗蚜性的鉴定和聚类分析,将4个枸杞品种归为3类,第Ⅰ类:宁杞1号,为高抗蚜品种;第Ⅱ类:宁杞5号和宁杞7号,为抗蚜品种;第Ⅲ类:宁杞10号,为感蚜品种。【结论】棉蚜在4个枸杞品种上的取食行为存在差异,且4个枸杞品种的抗虫机制和位点也存在差异,宁杞1号在叶表皮、叶肉和韧皮部对棉蚜表现出抗性,抗蚜性最强,为高抗蚜品种;宁杞5号和宁杞7号在叶肉和韧皮部对棉蚜表现出抗性,但抗蚜性较弱,为抗蚜品种;宁杞10号能够被棉蚜长时间刺吸取食,其抗蚜性最弱,为感蚜品种。

Potential cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, was determined by assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the laboratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady beetle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total available time, indicating that convergent lady beetles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding by regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age-specific mortality in absence of prey revealed that lady beetles could survive for an extended period of time （more than 2 weeks） without prey. The ability of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the rebound of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural biological control. A two-year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders （27%） were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed by convergent lady beetles （23.5%）, hooded beetles （13.5%）, minute pirate bugs （11%）, green lacewings （9.5%）, bigeyed bugs （7.5%）, scymnus beetles （3%）, soft-winged flower beetles （2%）, damsel bugs （1.5%）, and assassin bugs （1.5%）. A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population below economic threshold for the entire growing season.

Demographic parameters of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover （Homoptera： Aphididae） on five cotton cultivars

Life table parameters of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were estimated on five cotton cultivars （‘ Sealand＇ ,‘Siokra＇ ,＇ Vararnin＇ ,‘ Bakhtegan＇ and ‘ Sahel＇ ）. Demographic parameters of the cotton aphid were assessed at 27.5 ± 1 ℃, 65% ＋ 10% RH and a photoperiod of 14：10 （L： D）h. The shortest developmental time for the nymphal stages was 5.5 days on ‘Siokra＇ and the longest was 6.1 days on‘ Sealand＇. The highest offspring per female was 29.6 on ‘Sahel＇ and the lowest was 15.3 on ‘Sealand＇. The rm values varied from 0.272 on ‘Sealand＇ to 0.382 （day^-1） on ‘Varamin＇. Jackknife estimates of the A. gossypii parameters on these cultivars indicated the greatest developmental rate and fecundity on ‘ Varamin＇ and the poorest on ‘ Sealand＇ cultivar.

干旱胁迫对棉花上棉蚜种群增长影响的评价方法

为建立干旱胁迫对棉花害虫种群增长影响的评价方法,本研究设置1%、3%和5%聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)溶液处理4叶期棉花苗,分别模拟轻度、中度、重度干旱胁迫,系统测定并比较分析了棉花植株生理特性及棉蚜种群密度。结果显示:随着PEG-6000浓度增加,棉花地上部分生物量和叶片相对含水量逐渐降低,而棉花植株上的棉蚜种群增长能力和平均密度明显下降。分析表明,干旱胁迫不利于棉花植株生长,进而对棉蚜种群增长产生负面影响。本研究为后续系统研究干旱胁迫对棉花-害虫-天敌互作关系的长期影响及其机制奠定了重要基础。

蓝光照射对黄瓜无翅瓜蚜驱避行为的影响

蓝光照射可以降低黄瓜Cucumis sativus上蚜虫的种群密度,但蓝光照射后无翅蚜虫是如何被驱离的尚未见报道。本文以盆栽黄瓜为供试材料,研究蓝光照射对黄瓜上无翅瓜蚜Aphis gossypii驱避行为的影响。结果表明,蓝光照射对设施黄瓜上的无翅蚜有较强的驱避作用,光照强度越大、照射时间越长,黄瓜上蚜虫的虫口减退率越大。蓝光照射后无翅蚜主要通过黄瓜主茎离开黄瓜向花盆的土下迁移,少部分蚜虫还可以顺着花盆向盆外迁移。光强越强,相同时间内迁离黄瓜的蚜虫越多。300 lux蓝光照射10 h后,蚜虫种群的校正虫口减退率达到64.03%。相同的蓝光光强和照射时间下,晚间蓝光照射处理后蚜虫的迁移数量多于白天。地面黄光环境对蓝光驱避黄瓜蚜虫具有较强的促进作用,盆外放置黄板,迁向盆外的蚜虫量增加。黄光点亮30 min后关闭,同时打开蓝光可以提高蓝光对蚜虫驱避作用。因此,蓝光照射可以驱离黄瓜上的无翅蚜,驱离的无翅蚜主要迁移到盆内土中,少量的可以迁出花盆。

Stylet penetration behaviors of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypfi on transgenic Bt cotton

Stylet penetration behaviors of cotton aphids Aphis gossypii Glover on a transgenic cotton line ＂GK-12＂ expressing Bt toxic protein of Cry 1A （Bt cotton） and a non- Bt conventional cotton line ＂Simian-3＂ （CK cotton） were recorded with the direct current electrical penetration graph （DC-EPG） technique. Cotton aphids reared on Bt cotton （abbreviated as Bt-aphids） and its parental non-Bt control line （CK-aphids） for more than 20 generations each, were used for recordings on two cotton lines. Among 47 selected parameters reflecting the activities of aphid stylets within plant tissues, there were eight parameters of CK-aphids showing significant differences between the performances of CK- aphids on Bt cotton and CK cotton, while for Bt-aphids, all the parameters were statistically equal between the performances on the two cotton lines. All parameters with significant differences indicated that CK-aphids could penetrate into Bt cotton more easily, but the phloem saps of Bt cotton were not as good as those of regular cotton for CK-aphids. Based on the present results, we concluded that there were some factors in Bt cotton affecting penetration behaviors of CK-aphids, but it just took several generations for CK-aphids to completely adapt Bt cotton, and Bt-aphids could feed on two cotton lines without difficulty.

不同寄主植物与棉蚜酯酶活性的关系

通过测定不同越冬寄主植物棉蚜Aphisgossypii种群α 乙酸萘酯 (α NA)酯酶的活力 ,结果表明 :山东高密棉田棉蚜种群酯酶活力是北京花椒棉蚜酯酶活力的 2 4倍 ,石榴、木槿上棉蚜酯酶活力是花椒棉蚜酯酶活力的 1 3～ 1 5倍。不同寄主植物棉蚜α NA酯酶和 β NA酯酶的频率分布表明 :鼠李、花椒棉蚜的α NA酯酶频率分布范围较集中 ,酯酶活力 (每 0 0 33头蚜虫的OD值 )小于 0 10时的频率分别为 70 %和 62 % ,其个体累积率达 50 %时的酯酶活性 (EF50 )分别为 0 0 8和 0 0 85(每 0 0 33头蚜虫的OD值 ) ;石榴、木槿和棉苗上α NA酯酶频率分别为 2 5%、 31%和4 5% ,其EF50 分别为 0 154、 0 1368和 0 1138,酯酶活力明显比鼠李和花椒棉蚜高 ;高密棉蚜为4 % ,EF50 为 0 2 113,频率分布范围较宽。β NA酯酶的频率分布 ,鼠李、花椒、木槿和棉苗上棉蚜酯酶活力 (每 0 0 33头蚜虫的OD值 )小于 0 10时为 52 %～ 62 %的个体 ,EF50 分别为 0 0 98、0 0 84、 0 10 2和 0 0 91,寄主之间差异不大 ,而石榴和高密棉蚜分别为 2 3%和 3% ,EF50 分别为0 135和 0 2 136,与其它

不同地理种群棉蚜对温度和光周期的生态适应性

实验室研究了采自越南胡志明市、我国海南三亚市、北京市和新疆石河子市 4个棉蚜地理种群对温度和光周期的适应性分化特征。在 1 8℃配合光周期 L:D=8:1 6和 L:D=1 0 :1 4的条件下 ,越南和中国海南种群无性蚜分化现象 ,而北京和新疆种群则产生大量性蚜并产下受精卵 ,表明短光照已不能诱导低纬度热带地区种群产生性蚜。应用实验种群生命表技术研究了 3 5℃、3 0℃、2 5℃、2 0℃、1 5℃五个温度下新疆种群、北京种群和越南种群的存活、生长发育、繁殖及内禀增长率的差异 ,结果表明 ,在 2 0℃～ 3 0℃的温度区间内 ,各种群间生命参数差异不显著 ,而在低温下 (1 5℃ ) ,差异则比较显著 ,成蚜寿命和产蚜量均为新疆种群 >北京种群 >越南种群 ,表现为高纬度种群大于低纬度种群 ,其内禀增长率也随纬度升高逐渐增大 ,而来自热带地区的越南种群对高温则比较适应 ,其在 3

棉花抗蚜性与可溶性糖含量的关系

为探讨可溶性糖含量与棉花抗蚜性的关系,在室内人工接蚜为害和田间自然蚜群两种条件下,测定不同抗蚜性棉花品种受棉蚜为害后叶片中可溶性糖含量及其对棉蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:未受棉蚜为害时,抗性品种中可溶性糖含量高于感性品种,棉蚜为害胁迫后,抗蚜棉花品种可溶性糖含量升高,感蚜品种的可溶性糖含量降低。棉蚜的生长发育和繁殖与棉花叶片中可溶性糖含量呈显著的相关,可溶性糖与棉蚜若蚜历期呈正相关,与内禀增长率呈负相关。本研究说明可溶性糖含量对棉花的抗蚜性有一定的影响,转基因棉可溶性糖含量低于常规棉品种可能是导致非目标害虫棉蚜猖獗的原因之一。

棉花抗蚜性及抗性遗传机制研究进展

从形态抗蚜性、生化抗蚜性和诱导抗蚜性等 3个方面总结了棉花对棉蚜抗性机制的研究进展。其中 ,形态抗性来源于叶片茸毛等一些主要物理性状 ,生化抗性则与单宁类、萜烯类化合物等次生物质以及氨基酸、可溶性糖等营养物质有关 ,而诱导抗性主要通过为害胁迫和外源刺激 2种途径诱导产生。文章还对棉花部分形态抗蚜性状遗传机制的研究做了概述。

转基因棉花中糖类和游离氨基酸含量的变化对棉蚜泌蜜量及蜜露主要成分的影响

以3个转基因棉和2个亲本对照棉花品种为研究材料,分别测定了这5种棉花植株体内主要糖分与游离氨基酸含量;同时,分别用这5个棉花品种的叶片饲养棉蚜AphisgossypiiGlover并测定其蜜露分泌量及其主要营养成分。结果表明,转基因棉花“国抗22”叶片中葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的平均含量及可溶性糖总量分别比亲本对照棉“泗棉3号”减少61.76%、89.05%、77.86%和23.61%,转基因棉花“苏抗103”和“中抗310”叶片中葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的平均含量及可溶性糖总量分别比亲本对照棉“苏棉12”下降14.15%、32.80%、92.22%、11.46%和46.81%、93.19%、61.11%、43.91%,游离氨基酸总量及各种氨基酸、果糖、鼠李糖、海藻糖的含量在不同转基因棉与亲本对照棉花品种间也存在很大差异,其中一些处理间的差异达显著或极显著水平。这表明外源基因的导入已经影响到了转基因棉花品种中主要糖分与游离氨基酸的合成。棉蚜取食转基因棉花品种“国抗22”后,蜜露的日平均分泌量比取食对照品种“泗棉3号”减少40.54%,取食其他两个转基因棉花品种“苏抗103”和“中抗310”后蜜露的分泌量也比取食对照棉花品种“苏棉12”降低22.67%和30.0%,但棉蚜取食转基因棉花后蜜露中游离氨基酸的总量均高于对照棉花品种,蜜露中可溶性总糖、蔗糖和各种氨基酸含量在取食转基因棉和常规棉花品种间存在一定差异。

我国棉蚜抗药性研究现状

简要综述自 2 0世纪 6 0年代以来 ,我国棉蚜的抗性发生和发展情况 ,以及棉蚜抗性机制的研究进展。害虫的抗性与农药的使用密切相关。我国棉蚜的抗性随着有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药在我国棉区的交替使用或停用而波动。国内外的研究结果证明 。

南疆地区棉田蚜虫种群数量动态研究

2002-2004年研究了南疆地区棉花蚜虫的发生和种群动态及棉花品种的影响。结果表明为害棉花的蚜虫有棉蚜（Aphis gossypiiGlover）、棉长管蚜（Acyrthosiphon gossypiiMordvilko）、桃蚜（Myzus persicaeSulzer）、拐枣蚜（Xerophilaphis plothikoviNevsky）和棉黑蚜（Aphis atrataZhang）,其中棉蚜和棉长管蚜是主要为害种类。2002、2003和2004年,棉蚜和棉长管蚜的最高密度分别为15 138和2 787头/百株,25 333和1 213头/百株,343 925和13 643头/百株。对转基因抗虫棉GK19（表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白）、SGK321（表达Cry1A＋CpTI杀虫蛋白）和普通棉花泗棉3号、石远321的研究表明几种蚜虫在不同品种上的季节性数量动态没有显著性差别。