Flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylase genes regulate fiber color formation in naturally colored cotton

Using naturally colored cotton(NCC)can eliminate dyeing,printing and industrial processing,and reduce sewage discharge and energy consumption.Proanthocyanidins(PAs),the primary coloration components in brown fibers,are polyphenols formed by oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units derived from anthocyanidins.Three essential structural genes for flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylation encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase(F3H),flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’H)and flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’H)are initially committed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to produce common precursors.The three genes were all expressed predominantly in developing fibers of NCCs,and their expression patterns varied temporally and spatially among NCC varieties.In GhF3Hi,GhF3’Hi and GhF3’5’Hi silenced lines of NCC varieties XC20 and ZX1,the expression level of the three genes decreased in developing cotton fiber,negatively correlated with anthocyanidin content and fiber color depth.Fiber color depth and type in RNAi lines changed with endogenous gene silencing efficiency and expression pattern,the three hydroxylase genes functioned in fiber color formation.GhF3H showed functional differentiation among NCC varieties and GhF3’H acted in the accumulation of anthocyanin in fiber.Compared with GhF3’H,GhF3’5’H was expressed more highly in brown fiber with a longer duration of expression and caused lighter color of fibers in GhF3’5’H silenced lines.These three genes regulating fiber color depth and type could be used to improve these traits by genetic manipulation.

Studies on Hereditary Properties of Colored Cotton in Xinjiang

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic characteristics of colored cotton varieties grown in Xinjiang. [Method] Five white upland and two white sea is- land cotton varieties were processed complete diallel crosses with five brown cotton varieties and five green cotton varieties respectively, constructing 96 F2 populations, and the population number of those in line with Mendel＇s law were counted. The individual fiber colors were statistically analyzed in each F2 generation. The cluster analysis was carried out to the parents based on their agronomic traits, and the SSR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of parents. [Result] Both green and brown fiber colors were determined by single nuclear gene; brown fiber color mainly presented dominant heredity, while green fiber color presented dominant, incomplete dominant or recessive heredity. The cluster analysis indicated that brown cotton vari- eties in Xinjiang had closer genetic relationships with Xinjiang-native upland cotton varieties than other upland cotton varieties in China, but distant from sea island cot- ton varieties; while green cotton varieties grown in Xinjiang showed distant genetic relationships with both native and other upland cotton varieties in China, and most distant from sea island varieties. SSR genetic diversity analysis of the parents showed that in all white/brown cross combinations, Xinluzao31 and Xincaimian11 showed the highest polymorphism while 293-ZM-2 and Xincaimian5 showed the low- est; in white/green cross combinations, Xinluzao31 and Green 85 showed the highest polymorphism while Xinluzao13 and Xingcaimian12 showed the lowest. [Conclusion] According to the genetic model and cluster analysis of colored cotton, the quality of cotton can be improved by hybridizing the colored cotton with Xinjiang native or in- land cotton varieties of China. This study provides germplasm resources and further study basis for the breeding of new colored cotton varieties, and materials to the fiber color gene mapping and cloning in future, as well as the technical assurance for the directional breeding of quality colored cotton varieties.

Study on the Genetics and Development of Fiber Pigments and Color Deviation After Wetting Process of Naturally Colored Cotton

The genetic control of fiber pigment color in naturally colored cotton was studied. The expression of brown and green fiber color was controlled by incompletely dominant single genes and incompletely dominant major genes, respectively. Production and accumulation of the fiber pigment were related to special expression of enzymatic genes for pigment synthesis in fiber cells. At the stage of fiber lengthening, naturally colored cotton, like white cotton, appeared purely white. But when fiber cell walls entered the thickening stage, pigment appeared by degrees. When the fiber was completely matured (on boll dehiscence), the color reached its darkest level. After wetting process treatment, the hues of the fiber pigment changed in regular patterns. The hue circle for brown and green cotton changed in the opposite direction with wetting process treatment. In general, the treated cotton color and luster became dark and vivid, and this trend provided the possibility for enhancing the fiber quality by suitable environmental friendly finishing. The analysis showed that the color and luster of the cotton may be controlled by a series of pigments which show different chemical performance.

Study on the Pigments of the Colored Cotton

The ecological characteristics and fiber structure of the colored cotton were introduced briefly. The color changing mechanisms of the pigments extracted from colored cottons and some plants were discussed with the results of different experiments, which could offer an academic reference for the color fixations of the colored cotton textile produces and promote the development of the natural colored cotton industry.

Analysis of Genetic Polymorphic SSR Markers in Germplasm Resources of the Natural Colored Cotton

Short sequence repeats(microsatellite,SSR) and expressed sequence tags-SSR(EST-SSR) markers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity of natural colored cotton varieties.About

Effect of Eco-finishing on Naturally Colored Cotton

This paper studies desizing and polishing of naturally colored cotton with different enzyme. The reactivity of cellulases was measured. The percentage of decrement, bulkiness and color difference of fabrics both before and after eco-finishing were tested. The reasons were analyzed. The results indicates that the desizing of amylase can be applied on naturally colored cotton, and cellulases have polishing effect on it. Moreover eco-finishing with enzyme can provide many better properties to naturally colored cotton than that of normal finishing. Also this process has no pollution as enzyme can be degraded by bioreaction.

Genetics and Expression of the Brown Lint Gene in Colored Cotton

The major cotton grown commercially in the world is white lint,but recently many people prefer to have garments made by natural colored cotton.This can be used directly in textile industries,avoiding the complicated and unsafe processes of bleaching and dying,and thus it is eco-friendly.However,little is known about the heredity of the colored lint gene in colored cotton.In the present study,

Scouring Process of Natural Color Cotton Products

In order to improve the absorbency of color cotton products, alkali and pectase scouring processes under different conditions were tested, by comparing the actual results of two different scouring processes. It was considered that the pectase scouring process more suits color cotton products.

Developmental and hormonal regulation of fiber quality in two natural-colored cotton cultivars

Cotton cultivars with brown （Xiangcaimian 2）, green （Wanmian 39） and white （Sumian 9） fiber were investigated to study fiber developmental characteristics of natural-colored cotton and the effect of hormones on fiber quality at different stages after anthesis. Fiber lengths of both natural-colored cottons were lower than the white-fibered control, with brown-fibered cotton longer than green. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natural-colored cotton were also lower than the control. The shorter fiber of the green cultivar was due to slower growth during 10 to 30 days post-anthesis （DPA）. Likewise, the lower fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natured-colored cotton were also due to slower growth during this pivotal stage. Indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content at 10 DPA, and abscisic acid （ABA） content at 30 to 40 DPA were lower in the fibers of the natural-colored than that of the white-fibered cotton. After applying 20 mg L-1 gibberellic acid （GA3）, the IAA content at 20 DPA in the brown and green-fibered cottons increased by 51.07 and 64.33%, fiber ABA content increased by 38.96 and 24.40%, and fiber length increased by 8.13 and 13.96%, respectively. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation were also enhanced at boll opening stage. Those results suggest that the level of endogenous hormones affect fiber quality. Application of external hormones can increase hormone content in natural-colored cotton fiber, improving its quality.

Harnessing Microalgae Biomass from Lake Taihu as a Natural Biocolorant Source for Sustainable Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Cotton with Ultrasonication

Most water bodies worldwide are infested with algae bloom and Lake Taihu is no exception, various techniques have been developed to harvest microalgae from Lake Taihu as part of the lake cleaning program and this results in a large algae biomass to deal with. This study made use of the algae biomass harvested as a biocolorants source for textile application and also evaluated its dyeing characteristics with mercerized and bleached cotton. The fabrics were dyed with either ultrasound or water bath method. The ultrasound method improved dye extraction yield from 17.8% for the conventional method to 26.7%, which was also enhanced to 33.2% with the addition of HCl (1 cm). The ultrasound dyeing method was effective at improving dye uptake at a reduced dyeing temperature when compared to the conventional method and also produced different shades of color after dyeing with different mordants. The dyed fabrics had good fastness properties for laundry, crocking and light. The dyed fabrics also showed a good ultraviolet protection factor. The use of algae biomass as a potential source of colorants for textile application will provide an alternate dye source that is environmentally friendly.

纯亚麻短麻色纺纱的生产及成纱性能

针对当前亚麻短麻色纺纱少且短麻利用率不高等问题,采用梳棉试样机对化学脱胶后的亚麻短麻纤维进行2次梳理开松,再经染色处理、给油加湿焖包处理,最后在棉纺设备上进行试纺。通过优化纺纱各工序的工艺参数配置,成功纺制出41.7 tex纯亚麻短麻色纺纱,测试了其成纱质量指标,并与41.7 tex亚麻湿纺染色纱、41.7 tex纯亚麻纱线染色纱进行性能对比。结果表明:在棉纺设备上所纺制的41.7 tex纯亚麻短麻色纺纱的主要成纱指标达到了T/CNTAC60—2020《干纺环锭纺纯亚麻本色纱》优等纱质量标准;其断裂强度、强力CV值、断裂伸长率等均介于同线密度的纯亚麻湿纺染色纱和纯亚麻纱线染色纱之间,可部分替代纯亚麻湿纺染色纱用于后续织造工艺。

纯棉筒子纱的原位矿化染色

采用原位矿化染色技术对纯棉筒子纱进行活性染料染色。优化的染色工艺为:固色碱剂XGA 3.0%(omf),固色时间60 min,矿化pH为3.5,偶合剂XBC为1.5%(omf),氧化剂XYS为5%(omf),60℃矿化处理30 min。结果表明:采用原位矿化染色工艺对纯棉筒子纱进行染色,排放染色残液色度值比传统工艺降低98%,染品耐干摩擦色牢度比传统工艺高半级,耐湿摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度与传统工艺一致,且可获得与传统工艺基本一致的颜色效果。

环保型助剂对棉织物染色均匀性与色牢度的影响

随着环保法规的日益严格和消费者对可持续产品需求的增加,传统的染料和助剂在棉织物中的应用虽然能够提高染色效果,但伴随着环境污染与资源浪费,无法满足可持续发展的要求。环保型助剂因具有环保特性,可以促进棉织物染色工艺的绿色化,有利于环保和经济效益的共同发展。采用实验研究方法,探讨环保型助剂对棉织物染色均匀性与色牢度的影响,以期为环保型助剂的进一步创新和纺织行业可持续发展战略的制定提供参考。

基于改进MobileNetV2的棉花颜色分级检测

针对棉花颜色级检验中感官检验容易受到主观因素影响、仪器检验不稳定的问题,提出一种使用改进MobileNetV2神经网络实现棉花颜色级检测的方法。通过自主设计的图像采集装置,收集白棉一级到白棉五级5种棉花颜色级样品,制作数据集。将MobileNetV2网络后三层进行特征融合,并嵌入CBAM注意力机制,同时与GhostNet、ShuffleNetV2和原始MobileNetV2模型进行对比,预测棉花颜色分级。结果表明:改进后的MobileNetV2在测试集的准确率达到92.10%,相对于GhostNet、ShuffleNetV2和原始MobileNetV2分别提高了3.01个百分点、4.61个百分点、1.24个百分点,具有较好的检测效果。

壳聚糖改性棉织物的黑枸杞色素染色

提取黑枸杞天然色素,对壳聚糖改性棉织物进行直接法染色,探究了染浴pH值、温度、时间、氯化钠浓度等因素对染色效果和防紫外性能的影响,通过对染色织物的色深值Integ、颜色特征值及UPF值综合评价,得到最佳染色工艺。结果表明,具体工艺如下:浴比1∶30,提取母液30 mL,pH值为4,食盐为0,焙烘温度110℃,焙烘时间4 min;染色过程中可不添加食盐,实现了无盐染色,大大减轻了染料废水处理的负担;经此方法染色所得紫色棉织物不但具有较好的耐摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度和耐日晒色牢度,同时具有优良的防紫外线性能。

绢丝/毛/棉色纺纱的组成调控与性能分析

绢丝质地柔软光滑、手感舒适,在服装与家居纺织品等领域中得到了广泛应用,是中国绢纺产业的重要产品之一;然而,目前绢丝织物生产仍存在高能耗、高排污问题,且产品竞争力不足。为此,采用低污染的色纺技术对绢丝进行精确配色,并引入羊绒、羊毛、棉等纤维组分,制备色泽独特且性能优异的色纺纱,以满足市场多样化的需求。通过调控纱线中纤维组成与配比,探究其对混纺色纱条干、机械性能及色牢度的影响规律。通过引入不同颜色与配比的各类纤维后,纤维间的优势互补提升了绢丝系列产品的机械性能、色牢度,完善了绢丝产品性能的不足,实现了绢丝系列产品的多样化,减少了绢纺业的生产能耗与排污。

苏木与红花或栀子色素对棉的拼色研究

采用天然色素对改性棉织物进行媒染拼色染色,探讨苏木与红花或栀子色素的拼色染色性能,研究媒染剂对拼色染色性能的影响,测试拼色染色织物的色牢度。结果表明,苏木与红花或栀子色素拼色可使棉织物获得丰富的色泽,媒染剂对拼色染色织物的色相有较大影响,随染料浓度变化染色织物的颜色特征值呈规律变化;媒染拼色染色织物的耐水洗、摩擦和日晒色牢度均在3级及以上。

pH变色织物的制备及其汗液监测性能

以2-氨基-6-硝基苯并噻唑为重氮组分,4-硫酸乙酯砜基苯胺和1-氨基-8-萘酚-3,6-二磺酸与三聚氰氯的二缩产物为偶合组分,合成了一只pH变色活性染料(变色点pH=6.15)。该染料水溶液在pH≤6.15时为红色,pH>6.15时为蓝色,染料变色前后的波长跨度区间为89 nm,吸光度比值高达2.75,具有良好的变色可视性。采用该染料对棉织物染色,制备了具备汗液监测功能的pH变色棉织物,染料与棉织物间以稳定的共价键结合,且织物在酸汗模拟溶液和碱汗模拟溶液条件下分别显示红色和蓝色,变色响应时间≤20 s,变色响应循环稳定性≥40次,耐水洗、耐摩擦和耐日晒色牢度较好。

基于图像处理的数码印花棉织物色差检测

织物色差等级评定目前主要依赖于人工对比标准样卡进行判定,其等级判断易受人为主观因素影响。为对棉织物色差进行客观、全局化评定,文中提出3种基于OpenCV的织物色差评定方法:首先在D_(65)光源下获取标准样卡的不同色差等级灰度图像,使用高斯滤波对图像进行降噪,然后分别采用MSE均方误差、PSNR峰值信噪比、SSIM结构相似性指数算法对标准样卡灰度图像进行量化处理,建立并寻找最佳模型。为验证模型的准确性,采用数码印花对经过不同前处理工艺的棉织物喷印染色作为测试样本,通过模型得到色差等级,并与人工评定色差结果对比。结果表明:3种图像处理评定织物色差模型的评定结果均与人工评定具有高度一致性,图像处理方法更加简洁、客观和高效。