Two separate experiments were carried out: the first one involved a study of the chemical and some intrinsic feed characteristics of raw cotton stalk( CS) and the efficiency of chemical,biological treatments on the im...Two separate experiments were carried out: the first one involved a study of the chemical and some intrinsic feed characteristics of raw cotton stalk( CS) and the efficiency of chemical,biological treatments on the improvement of the feed value of CS. CS was treated with chemical treatment by mixing 3% Ca( OH)2( CS + Ca),3% urea( CS + U),3% urea +3% Ca( OH)2( CS + Ca + U). Moreover,CS was treated with biological treatment by inoculation of either Lentinus edodes( CS + Po) or Pleurotus ostreatus( CS + Pl) or crushing CS by adding minor ingredient processed into pellet feed,samples from all treatment were analyzed for the nutrients,In vitro dry matter digestibility( INDMD) and free gossypol detoxification rate. The second investigated was the use of crushed or granulation CS as a test feed followed by voluntary feed intake and preference test with sheep. CS + Ca + U treatment can reach up the CP and IVDMD to 9% and 36%,respectively. CS + Po decreased the fiber component and improved CP content and IVDMD. The free gossypol content declined and the free gossypol detoxification rate reached more than 50%. By feeding sheep under the same level of concentrate and corn silage,the voluntary feed intake and daily weight gain in granulation group is higher than in crushing group( P < 0. 05). Crushing CS by adding minor ingredient processed into a pellet feed was best in terms of improved nutritional quality,feed intake and preference,and it was safe and practical method that can be widely used in sheep production systems,to promote the CS feed utilization in similar areas.展开更多
Technological progress consists of the development of improving techniques and technology. It occurs through the creation and implementation of new, more productive, economic and design-perfect machines, mechanisms, a...Technological progress consists of the development of improving techniques and technology. It occurs through the creation and implementation of new, more productive, economic and design-perfect machines, mechanisms, apparatus, devices, structures and the development of new technological processes. The direct process of technical progress lies in improving the instrument of labor, which is expressed mainly in increasing the power of the machine, the speed of its operation, improving and simplifying its design, in the transition to more advanced technical connections, as well as automating the control system of the main elements of automatic control systems, is a sensor giving information about the operating mode of technological machines.展开更多
In the process of separating the fiber from the seed, the density of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin is constantly changing. With an increase in the density of the seed roll, the quality indicators of fib...In the process of separating the fiber from the seed, the density of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin is constantly changing. With an increase in the density of the seed roll, the quality indicators of fiber and seed deteriorate, energy consumption increases, machine breakdowns increase, and with a decrease in density, the productivity of the machine decreases. For this reason, the regulation of the density of the seed roll is one of the important problems in the ginning process. For this, the speed of rotation of the feed rollers changes, which, with an increase in speed, the mass of cotton increases, and with a decrease, it decreases. Thus, the density of the seed roll is controlled. The article describes the problem of regulating the density of a seed roll in a saw gin of the DP series, an overview of the work on regulating the operation of the machine is given. In this work, the force of cotton pressure between two feed rollers is also theoretically investigated. Graphs of changes in the force of cotton pressure between two rollers are plotted depending on various initial pressure forces. The results of the study will be used in the further improvement of the cotton feeding regulation in order to maintain the optimum density of the seed roll, which will preserve the quality of the fiber and seeds while increasing the productivity of the machine.展开更多
The article proposes to use the Euler equations to describe the motion of a stationary stream in the cleaning zones, which allows us to determine the laws of the distribution of pressure, density and speed along the a...The article proposes to use the Euler equations to describe the motion of a stationary stream in the cleaning zones, which allows us to determine the laws of the distribution of pressure, density and speed along the arc of contact of the moving layer of raw cotton with the surface of the mesh during impact with spikes on the pulp. It was found that the pressure, density and flow velocity along the cleaning arc as a result of the hammer spikes change stepwise with decreasing pressure and density and increasing flow velocity along this arc.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360565)
文摘Two separate experiments were carried out: the first one involved a study of the chemical and some intrinsic feed characteristics of raw cotton stalk( CS) and the efficiency of chemical,biological treatments on the improvement of the feed value of CS. CS was treated with chemical treatment by mixing 3% Ca( OH)2( CS + Ca),3% urea( CS + U),3% urea +3% Ca( OH)2( CS + Ca + U). Moreover,CS was treated with biological treatment by inoculation of either Lentinus edodes( CS + Po) or Pleurotus ostreatus( CS + Pl) or crushing CS by adding minor ingredient processed into pellet feed,samples from all treatment were analyzed for the nutrients,In vitro dry matter digestibility( INDMD) and free gossypol detoxification rate. The second investigated was the use of crushed or granulation CS as a test feed followed by voluntary feed intake and preference test with sheep. CS + Ca + U treatment can reach up the CP and IVDMD to 9% and 36%,respectively. CS + Po decreased the fiber component and improved CP content and IVDMD. The free gossypol content declined and the free gossypol detoxification rate reached more than 50%. By feeding sheep under the same level of concentrate and corn silage,the voluntary feed intake and daily weight gain in granulation group is higher than in crushing group( P < 0. 05). Crushing CS by adding minor ingredient processed into a pellet feed was best in terms of improved nutritional quality,feed intake and preference,and it was safe and practical method that can be widely used in sheep production systems,to promote the CS feed utilization in similar areas.
文摘Technological progress consists of the development of improving techniques and technology. It occurs through the creation and implementation of new, more productive, economic and design-perfect machines, mechanisms, apparatus, devices, structures and the development of new technological processes. The direct process of technical progress lies in improving the instrument of labor, which is expressed mainly in increasing the power of the machine, the speed of its operation, improving and simplifying its design, in the transition to more advanced technical connections, as well as automating the control system of the main elements of automatic control systems, is a sensor giving information about the operating mode of technological machines.
文摘In the process of separating the fiber from the seed, the density of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin is constantly changing. With an increase in the density of the seed roll, the quality indicators of fiber and seed deteriorate, energy consumption increases, machine breakdowns increase, and with a decrease in density, the productivity of the machine decreases. For this reason, the regulation of the density of the seed roll is one of the important problems in the ginning process. For this, the speed of rotation of the feed rollers changes, which, with an increase in speed, the mass of cotton increases, and with a decrease, it decreases. Thus, the density of the seed roll is controlled. The article describes the problem of regulating the density of a seed roll in a saw gin of the DP series, an overview of the work on regulating the operation of the machine is given. In this work, the force of cotton pressure between two feed rollers is also theoretically investigated. Graphs of changes in the force of cotton pressure between two rollers are plotted depending on various initial pressure forces. The results of the study will be used in the further improvement of the cotton feeding regulation in order to maintain the optimum density of the seed roll, which will preserve the quality of the fiber and seeds while increasing the productivity of the machine.
文摘The article proposes to use the Euler equations to describe the motion of a stationary stream in the cleaning zones, which allows us to determine the laws of the distribution of pressure, density and speed along the arc of contact of the moving layer of raw cotton with the surface of the mesh during impact with spikes on the pulp. It was found that the pressure, density and flow velocity along the cleaning arc as a result of the hammer spikes change stepwise with decreasing pressure and density and increasing flow velocity along this arc.
