Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

Predicting Bursting Strength Behavior of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Various Percentages of Cotton, Polyester, and Spandex Fibers

The bursting strength is an essential quality parameter of knit fabric. The fabric structure, weight, types of fibers, and fiber blend proportion influence the bursting strength parameter. The tenacity of polyester fiber is better than cotton and spandex. The study focused on predicting knit fabric bursting strength test value using different fibers (cotton, polyester, and spandex) with varying percentages of the blend ratio. This study used fifteen categories of blended fabrics. The Pearson Correlation and the hypothetical ANOVA regression analysis were conducted to do the statistical significance test. The experimental result reveals that the bursting strength test result increased with the increased percentage of polyester and suggested a suitable regression equation. The dominance of the polyester fiber was observed throughout the experiment, i.e., the higher the polyester blend proportion, the higher the bursting strength value. The inclusion of polyester in blends can reduce the cost of fabric. The developed prediction model or equation can help the fabric manufacturer make appropriate decisions regarding getting the expected bursting strength. The researcher hopes that the findings from this study will motivate new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile manufacturing industry.

Use of the Newly Synthesized Aqueous Polyurethane Acrylate Binders for Printing Cotton and Polyester Fabrics

The use of the four new synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders in the pigment print paste for screen printing cotton and polyester fabrics and pigment fixation through the polymerization process of the binder by using the thermofixation technique as well as the UV curing technique was studied. The effect of changing time and temperature of thermofixation, and the time of UV curing on the color strength, and prints fastness properties were also studied. The results showed that, the newly synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders could be successfully used for pigment fixation on cotton and polyester using the two fixation techniques and in general their prints possessed better color strength values as compared to those obtained upon using the selected commercial binders.

Recovery of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics by Alkali Dissolution

A new type of alkali-soluble polyester/cotton blended yarns was used to knit a compact knitted fabric on a circular weft knitting machine,treated with 5 g/L NaOH solution for 60 min at a temperature of 100℃,and the polyester was completely dissolved.The dissolved polyester could be polymerized again by a polycondensation reaction.After the cotton fibers were opened and combed,the length and mechanical properties of the cotton fibers were tested.The physical and mechanical properties of the separated cotton fibers were good.The chemical structure and crystallinity were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.It could be seen that the chemical structure of cotton fibers was almost unchanged after treatment,and the crystallinity decreased slightly.It provides some reference for the separation and recycling of waste polyester/cotton fabrics.

Effect of Blending Ratio on the Properties of Ramie/Polyester Blended Yarn

The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.

Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明:目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。

基于改性逆向热致相分离法聚砜微孔膜的制备与性能

针对逆向热致相分离法(RTIPS)制备聚砜(PSF)微孔膜成膜体系稳定性较差的问题,首先对亲水性的端羟基型超支化聚酯(HBPE)进行封端,然后以PSF为膜材料,通过添加亲水剂封端HBPE构建四元低临界共溶温度(LCST)成膜体系PSF/HBPE/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/聚乙二醇400,采用改性逆向热致相分离法(m-RTIPS)一步制备了亲水性PSF微孔膜。对封端HBPE进行了结构分析和分子量测试,分析了HBPE的封端率对四元成膜体系浊点和黏度的影响,研究了HBPE的封端率对PSF微孔膜的形貌、渗透性、亲水性、抗污染性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,成功对HBPE进行了封端,封端后HBPE的分子量增加;成膜体系的浊点和黏度随HBPE封端率的升高而增大,但黏度上升的幅度较小;3种添加不同封端率HBPE的PSF微孔膜的纯水通量、截留率、亲水性和力学性能都优于纯PSF微孔膜;随HBPE封端率的增加,膜的纯水通量下降,但截留率差别很小。当HBPE封端率为30%时,PSF膜纯水通量恢复率达88%,抗污染性最佳。添加不同封端率HBPE都可制得表面多孔的膜,当HBPE封端率为50%时,PSF膜具有全双连续结构的形貌,其拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别为4.86,143.92 MPa和22.68%,综合力学性能优异。

磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收和磷肥利用效率的影响

为探究磷肥有机替代、秸秆还田对棉花养分吸收、磷肥利用效率及棉花产量的影响,本研究基于国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站5年田间微区棉花连作定位试验,以7种施肥措施为样本,于2022年棉花成熟期开展棉田土壤田间调查研究。结果表明,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田均能提升棉株氮磷钾养分吸收,各器官氮素平均含量在1.75~40.90 g·kg^(-1)之间,磷素平均含量在1.46~11.28 g·kg^(-1)之间,钾素平均含量在3.11~25.03 g·kg^(-1)之间。综合肥料投入和养分吸收,50%的磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田最能增强棉株吸氮能力和促进干物质积累,50%的磷肥有机替代对棉株吸磷能力最强且最有利于实现棉花节肥增钾的效果。棉株各器官N:P变化范围为1.20~12.01,磷肥有机替代和秸秆还田使茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳的N∶P明显降低,棉株生物量、籽棉产量随茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳N∶P的降低而增加,本试验棉花生长更倾向于受N、P共同限制。磷肥利用率随有机替代量的增加从12.54%提升到33.04%,土壤磷素盈余量随有机替代量的增加从28.20 kg·hm^(-2)降低到19.66 kg·hm^(-2)。研究表明,在北疆灰漠土棉区采用50%磷肥有机替代,即施磷(P2O5)60.0 kg·hm^(-2)和配施羊粪9 784.8 kg·hm^(-2),对棉花产量、生物量、养分吸收的综合效应最优,值得推广应用。

播期推迟对棉花根系生长发育特征及产量的影响

【目的】研究推迟播期对棉花根系生长发育特征和产量的影响,为黄河流域棉区棉花适期播种提供依据。【方法】2022―2023年在河北农业大学威县试验站开展田间试验,设置常规播期(4月15日)和推迟播期(5月1日)2个处理,分析推迟播期对棉花品种冀农大23号的根系分布、根系生长速率、根冠比、干物质积累量和产量等的影响。【结果】与常规播期相比,推迟播期条件下,棉花根系长度和生物量的最大增长速率分别增加2.92~5.35 cm·d^(-1)和0.40~0.76 mg·d^(-1);深层土壤中棉花根系占比提高,其中30~60 cm土层根系长度占比和根系生物量占比分别增加2.99~3.55百分点和3.94~4.42百分点;生育后期棉株地上部干物质积累量和根冠比无明显差异;根系载荷能力显著降低6.43%~17.69%;2022年籽棉产量无显著差异,2023年单位面积铃数和籽棉产量分别显著增加9.72%和7.66%。相关分析表明,0~60 cm土层根长密度、0~60 cm土层根系生物量密度、根系生物量最大增长速率和30~60 cm土层根系长度占比均与籽棉产量极显著正相关。【结论】黄河流域棉区推迟播期(5月1日)可通过提高棉花根系生长速率、深层土壤中根系长度和根系生物量的占比,增强根系吸收功能以保障地上部干物质的积累,促进棉花高产。

壳聚糖基膨胀阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。

混纺比对PLA棉混纺纱力学性能的影响

为了研究混纺比对PLA棉混纺纱力学性能的影响关系,制备了PLA含量为10%~90%的9种混纺纱以及纯PLA纱、纯棉纱,并对其力学性能进行测试。将混纺纱中各组分纤维的强伸曲线用纯PLA纱和纯棉纱的强伸曲线替代,建立混纺纱强伸性能预测模型,以提升模型预测的精准度。结果表明:试验所用PLA/棉的临界混纺比为70/30,当PLA含量低于70%时,混纺纱的断裂强度随着PLA含量的增加逐渐下降,而断裂伸长率趋于稳定;当PLA含量高于70%时,混纺纱的断裂强度和断裂伸长率都逐渐增大;混纺纱力学性能指标的实测值与模型预测值具有高度一致性,体现了预测模型的准确性。认为该预测模型为预测混纺纱力学性能提供了一种比较简便的方法。

不同磷水平对土壤化学性质和棉花产量及其构成的影响

本研究探讨不同磷水平对北疆灰漠土棉田土壤化学性质和棉花产量及其构成的影响,为确定最佳施磷量和深入了解当前棉田肥力及棉花生产状况提供实践指导。以“国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站”已进行了5 a的棉田土壤磷素肥力演替特征定位施肥试验为研究对象,本研究对不施肥、不施磷、常规施化肥磷100%、化肥磷减施25%、化肥磷增施25%、化肥磷增施50%处理的土壤化学性质、磷素有效性特征和棉花产量及其构成进行分析。结果表明:随着施磷量的增加,有利于提升土壤养分含量。速效氮、有效磷、速效钾增幅分别在3.0%~16.10%、29.20%~111.77%、70.10%~72.10%之间,各速效养分含量依次与施肥初期相比,年均最高分别增长2.12、1.53、22.85 mg·kg^(-1)。全氮、全磷、全钾增幅分别在21.10%~35.10%、1.60%~54.0%、9.30%~10.90%之间,各全量养分含量依次与施肥初期相比,年均最高分别增长0.03、0.06、0.41 g·kg^(-1)。施磷150 kg·hm-2时,土壤有效磷含量和磷活化能力均显著最强,磷活化系数达2.13%,有效促进了土壤全磷向有效磷的转化。随着施磷量的增加,土壤有机质、有机碳含量均在施磷150 kg·hm^(-2)时显著提升,增幅均在11.86%~36.50%之间,有机质年均增长0.33 g·kg^(-1)左右,由于受北疆石灰性土壤自然特性和气候条件限制,结合碳氮磷比表明土壤有机质处于缺乏状态。对土壤p H和总盐分别呈下降和提升的趋势,范围分别在7.91~8.05和1.55~1.85 g·kg^(-1)之间,但效应均不显著。连续5 a施磷150 kg·hm^(-2),能在确保棉株整个生育时期养分需求的同时节约磷肥用量且对棉花增产效果最佳,籽棉产量可达4658 kg·hm^(-2),与不施肥、不施磷、常规施化肥磷100%相比,分别显著增产16.83%、15.01%、11.63%。本研究综合土壤养分、肥料投入、棉花产量指标,得出在北疆灰漠土棉田施磷150 kg·hm^(-2)较为可行。

流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法结合随机森林模型快速鉴别棉、涤纶纺织品

为实现对棉、涤纶纺织品的快速准确鉴别,开发了电烙铁灼烧-流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法。结果表明,电烙铁灼烧-流过式介质阻挡放电电离质谱法无需样品前处理,操作简便,单次数据采集用时仅为4~5 s。使用棉、涤纶与棉涤混纺纺织品样品的质谱指纹图谱数据,建立了基于随机森林算法的预测模型。优化后的随机森林模型五折交叉验证与袋外验证的误判率分别为2.50%和2.52%。基于袋外验证混淆矩阵,求得该模型的预测准确率为97.5%,对棉与涤纶样品的精确率、召回率和F1分数均高于95%,满足快速鉴别要求。该方法可为棉、涤纶纺织品真伪鉴别与品质评价提供技术参考。

BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物染整工艺

采用活性染料/分散染料对BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物进行染色,比较不同染色工艺的得色效果、耐汗渍色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度以及耐光色牢度等指标,筛选BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物的大生产工艺,从而减少实际大生产时染色带来废水对环境造成的污染,以优化染色质量与成本。实验结果表明:选择方案4#进行印染加工更加节约用水成本、时间成本、用电成本。染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,具有生产可行性。

涤棉双层针织物的轻度亲疏水整理研究

为提升涤棉双层针织物的亲肤感以及吸湿快干能力,选取双层针织物,内层为疏水层,由16.67 tex/144 f(150 D/144 f)十字截面涤纶长丝编织而成,外层为亲水层,由14.67 tex纯棉纱线编织而成,采用吸湿排汗整理剂TM对织物疏水面进行轻度亲水整理,并采用疏水整理剂Nuva N1802 liquid对织物亲水面进行轻度疏水整理。研究不同浓度的亲疏水整理剂对针织物吸湿快干性能的影响。测试透气率、透湿率、芯吸高度、干燥速率、动态水分传递等性能。结果表明:当涤纶表面采用0.1%亲水整理剂和棉层采用0.1%疏水整理剂,吸湿快干效果达到最优,透湿性和芯吸高度的提升增加了人体的亲肤感。

磷-氮-硅协同阻燃/抗菌涤棉织物的制备与性能

为实现涤棉织物的阻燃/抗菌协同整理,以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为反应物,分别合成了八氨丙基八硅倍半氧烷和2-氯乙基DOPO,通过轧烘焙方法将其整理到涤棉织物上,并对其进行氯化处理。结果表明:阻燃/抗菌整理涤棉织物的阻燃等级达到B1级;整理后未氯化的织物在30 min接触时间内对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的对数减少值分别达到2.56 log和2.06 log,而经氯化处理后其能够在1 min的接触时间内杀灭接种的细菌,表现出迅速且优异的抗菌性能。

PEDOT:PSS复合涤/棉导电非织造布的制备及其性能

为制备具有良好导电性能和使用性能的非织造布,利用原位聚合的方法在涤/棉非织造布上原位生长致密的聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩):聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PEDOT:PSS)导电聚合物,探究掺杂剂体积占比、氧化剂体积占比等工艺参数对导电非织造布性能的影响。实验结果表明:PSS∶过硫酸铵(APS)∶EDOT的比例为2∶1.5∶1、聚合时间为10 h为最佳工艺,制备的导电非织造布的电导率最高为29.044 mS/cm;最佳制备工艺下导电非织造布的断裂强力为20.18 N,伸长率为85.23%;导电织物耐洗涤性良好,透气率可达329.19 mm/s,为导电非织造布在柔性电子中的应用提供参考。

智能导湿涤棉织物的制备及温敏湿热管理行为

以N,N-二甲基(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)氨基丙磺酸内盐为单体,采用紫外光照射法制备具有高临界溶解温度(UCST)的聚合物PDMAPS,再将其喷涂至疏水改性涤棉织物表面,得到温敏导湿涤棉织物。研究了PDMAPS的结构和温敏性,并系统评价温敏导湿涤棉织物的微观结构、温敏亲/疏水性转变及温敏透湿性。结果表明:PDMAPS具有可逆的温敏亲/疏水性转变功能,在20℃时(UCST),喷涂PDMAPS一侧转为亲水性,而未喷涂PDMAPS一侧仍为疏水性,从而构建润湿性梯度,透湿量可提升至5497.5 g/(m^(2)·24 h),显示出优异的温度自适应湿热管理功能。

基于涤棉混纺织物的荧光碳点对Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测

该文以废弃涤棉混纺织物为碳源,分别在乙二醇和硫酸溶液中通过溶剂热法合成了两种荧光碳点,实现了对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。通过透射电镜与红外光谱表征了碳点的形貌与组成,并基于紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了碳点的电子跃迁形式及发光类型。在乙二醇体系中制得的碳点(ETCCDs)能够选择性检测Cr(Ⅵ),检出限为0.093 mg/L,其检测机理为荧光内滤效应;硫酸体系中制备的碳点(WTCCDs)能够选择性检测Hg(Ⅱ),检出限为0.018µmol/L,检测机理为能量转移。对实际水样中的Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)进行检测,验证了上述两种碳点的实用性。基于涤棉混纺织物制备的荧光碳点不仅实现了对两种重金属离子的检测,同时也为废旧纺织物的再生利用提供了借鉴意义。