Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril-Waterborne Polyurethane Composite Films

To improve the performance of polyurethane films,small amounts of cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)were physically blended with a waterborne polyurethane(WPU)emulsion,and then CNF/WPU composite films were prepared by cast-coating and drying.The particle size of the emulsions and the chemical structure,micromorphology,thermal stability,mechanical properties,and water resistance of the composite films were characterized using a Malvern laser particle size analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),an electronic strength machine,water contact angle analysis(WCA),and water absorption tests,respectively.The results showed that at a low CNF content of 0.3 wt%,the particle size of the WPU emulsion and chemical structure of the film did not change significantly.In addition,the tensile strength of the composite film increased by up to 108%compared to the neat WPU film,and the thermal stability and water resistance were slightly improved.The addition of CNF greatly enhanced the tensile strength while maintaining the other original properties of the WPU film,which may greatly improve the service life and tear resistance of commercial coatings in the future.

DynamicMechanical and Chemorheology Analysis for the Blended Epoxy System with Polyurethane Modified Resin

As the important matrix material,epoxy resin has been widely used in the composites for various fields.On account of the poor toughness of epoxy resin limiting their suitability for advanced applications,considerable interests have been conducted to modify the epoxy resin to meet the engineering requirements.In this study,the bio-based polyurethane(PU)modified resin was adopted to modify the pure bisphenol-A epoxy by blending method with various proportions.Aiming to illuminate the curing behavior,mechanical and thermal properties,the blended epoxy systems were characterized by viscosity-time analysis,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)at different frequencies and temperatures,mechanical tensile test,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The results indicated that the introduction of PU modified epoxy was found to significantly inhibit the viscosity growth rates especially when the content of PU modified epoxy resin is higher than 60%.Notwithstanding the dynamic modulus and T_(g)reduced with the increment of PU modified epoxy,remarkable increment on the elongation at break was found and the flexibility was greatly promoted with the introduction of PU modified epoxy.The proportion of PU modified epoxy in the blends should be put balance considerations to obtain optimal mechanical properties.TGA results and FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the addition of PU modified epoxy did not change the thermal decomposition mechanism and chemical reaction mechanism,but the addition of PU modified epoxy inhibits the curing reaction of epoxy resin by measured and calculated the damping temperature domain
T from 35.7℃ to 48.9℃.

Use of the Newly Synthesized Aqueous Polyurethane Acrylate Binders for Printing Cotton and Polyester Fabrics

The use of the four new synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders in the pigment print paste for screen printing cotton and polyester fabrics and pigment fixation through the polymerization process of the binder by using the thermofixation technique as well as the UV curing technique was studied. The effect of changing time and temperature of thermofixation, and the time of UV curing on the color strength, and prints fastness properties were also studied. The results showed that, the newly synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders could be successfully used for pigment fixation on cotton and polyester using the two fixation techniques and in general their prints possessed better color strength values as compared to those obtained upon using the selected commercial binders.

Novel Waterborne Fluorinated Polyurethane Containing Fluoroalkyl Side Chain:Synthesis,Characterization and Application on Cotton Fabric

A polyether diol poly[3-bromomethyl-3-tridecafluorooctyloxymethyloxetane]glycol(PFBOX 3) was prepared in 91% yield from ring opening polymerization of 3-bromomethyl-3-tridecafluorooctyloxymethyloxetane 2 which was derived from 3,3-dibromomethyloxetane 1 and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanol.The waterborne fluorinated polyurethane FPU was thus obtained by condensed polymerization of PFBOX 3 with isophoronediisocyanate(IPDI).The structure of FPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR).FPU showed good thermal stability under 300℃.The surface properties of FPU were studied by applied on cotton fabric.The treated fabric surface showed excellent water repellent property as the contact angle reached 147°.On the other hand,the surface showed slightly oil repellent property as the contact angle for nujol droplet was 126°.

MODULUS-COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE FOR BLENDS OF PVC WITH SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES OF DIFFERENT SOFT SEGMENTS

The dynamic mechanical modulus at 25℃ for blends of segmented polyurethanes with PVC was studied by using suitable mechanics models of multi-component systems. The analysis indicates that the blend morphology was mainly determined by soft segment structure of polyurethanes. The PPO-PU/PVC blends show typical two-phase morphology and their modulus-composition relations may be described by Halpin-Tsai model for domain-matrix two-phase systems.While the PCL-PU / PVC, PTMA-PU/PVC and PTMO-PU/PVC blends fit the Kerner's packed grain composite model. These results may imply that the modulus-composition relationship is sensitive to the interactions between the components and the mixture morphology of the blends.

GAS PERMEATION OF SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES AND THEIR BLENDS WITH PVC

Film specimens of four segmented polyurethanes with different soft segments, namely polycaprolactone, polytetramethylene adipate, polytetramethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, and their blends with PVC of different compositions were obtained by solution cast. The permeability of these films to O_2, N_2 and H_2 and their density were measured by using gas chromatography and technique of density gradient column. The polyether polyurethanes were found to have higher permeability than the polyester ones due to their low glass transition temperature and /or the low density value. The blends of PVC and polyether polyurethanes, especially the PPO-based polyurethane, are incompatible, and their permeability coefficient-composition dependence has the typical S-shaped curves. PVC is well compatible with the soft segments in its blends with polyester polyurethanes. For these blends the composition dependence of permeability is characterized by a negative deviation from the semilogarithmic additivity rule, and it is possible to prepare blends having T_g 20℃ lower than that of PVC, but retaining its low permeability almost unchanged, results were discussed in according with the different approaches for the permeation behavior of compatible and incompatible blends.

Finishing Effect on Warmth Property of Cotton/Kapok Blended Knitted Fabric

Nowadays,more and more natural or functional fibers are being investigated due to their utilization in thermal underwear.Kapok fiber is one of the natural cellulosic fibers whose source is the kapok plant. It has hollow body and sealed tail,which exhibits desirable features required for functional textiles of this nature. In this study,cotton / kapok( 80 /20 by mass) blended yarn with two types of yarn size 18. 5 and 14. 8 tex,respectively are knitted into plain stitches. The fabrics are undergone with an optimal preparation plan according to orthogonal design. Then,after dyeing and softening,fabric properties including thermal and water-vapour resistances, wicking property, pilling behaviour, and surface morphology,are tested and scrutinized for their candidacy for thermal underwear. The results showed that cotton / kapok blended fabrics have good thermal resistance which is significantly higher than those of cotton / modal blended fabrics,and the same water vapour resistance compared with cotton / modal blended fabrics which are normally used as underwear. Cotton / modal blended knitted fabrics has better pilling grade than cotton / kapok blended fabrics. Meanwhile, the cotton / kapok blends fabrics have good wicking property. Collectively,it was concluded that cotton / kapok blended fabric was appropriate for thermal underwear. However,the main limitation of these fabrics is their pilling properties.

Study of Rotor Spun Basofil/Cotton Blended Yarn Quality Characteristics during Optimisation of Processing Parameters

Yarn quality characteristics are affected by processing parameters. A 36 tex rotor spun yarn of 50/50 Basofil/ cotton （B/C） blended yarn was spun, and the spinning process optimised for rotor speed, opening roller speed and twist factor. Selected yarn characteristics were studied during the optimization process. During the optimizations process yarn elongation and hairiness reduced with increase in rotor speed. Tenacity increased with increase of rotor speed. The increase in TF caused tenacity and CV of count to increase up to a peak and then started to decrease with further increase of TF.While TF caused an increase in yarn hairiness, elongation decreased to a minimum level and then started to increase with further increase of TF. CV of count and hairiness increased with increase in opening roller speed, but tenacity and elongation decreased with increase in opening roller speed. The optimization process yielded the optimum levels for rotor speed, opening roller speed and twist factor （TF） as 45,000 rpm, 6,500 rpm and 450 respectively. As per uster Standards the optimum yam showed good results for CV of count, CV of tenacity and thin places/km.

Studying the Effect of Polyester Fiber Blend Ratio and Pilling Cycle on Blended Knit Fabrics

Pilling is a severe concern for blended fabrics. The aesthetic look and smoothness are the buyers’ prime requirements. The main focus of the study was to see the pilling behavior from various percentages of polyester fiber blend ratio as well as the different pilling cycles on blended fabrics. The cotton, polyester, and elastane prepared the study fabrics. These fabrics are (90% Cotton/5% Polyester/5% Elastane, 90% Cotton/6% Polyester/4% Elastane, 90% Cotton/7% Polyester/3% Elastane, 90% Cotton/8% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 90% Cotton/9% Polyester/1% Elastane, 85% Cotton/10% Polyester/5% Elastane, 85% Cotton/11% Polyester/4% Elastane, 85% Cotton/12% Polyester/3% Elastane, 85% Cotton/13% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 85% Cotton/ 14% Polyester/1% Elastane, 80% Cotton/15% Polyester/5% Elastane, 80% Cotton/16% Polyester/4% Elastane, 80% Cotton/17% Polyester/3% Elastane, 80% Cotton/18% Polyester/2% Elastane, and 80% Cotton/19% Polyester/1% Elastane). The selected polyester blend ratios were 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19% respectively. The study used the Martindale pilling tester with 2000, 5000, and 7000 cycles, respectively. The evaluation followed the ISO 12945-2:2000. The study findings are that the polyester fiber blend ratio did not influence the pilling grade on blended fabrics for pilling cycles 2000, and the pilling grade remained constant at 4 - 5. The pilling grade started to deteriorate in pilling cycle 5000 for the fabrics 85%C/10%P/5%E, 85%C/11%P/4%E, 85%C/12%P/3%E, 85%C/ 13%P/2%E, 85%C/14%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, and the fabrics made from 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 4, 3, 3, 3, and 3 respectively. For the pilling cycles 7000, the pilling grade further deteriorated for the fabrics 80%C/15%P/5%E, 80%C/16%P/4%E, 80%C/17%P/3%E, 80%C/ 18%P/2%E, 80%C/19%P/1%E showed the pilling grade 3, 3, 2, 2, and 2 respectively. The study finds the dominance of polyester fiber throughout the experiment. The author hopes this study’s outcome will help new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile industry’s sustainable development research and development team.

Predicting Bursting Strength Behavior of Weft Knitted Fabrics Using Various Percentages of Cotton, Polyester, and Spandex Fibers

The bursting strength is an essential quality parameter of knit fabric. The fabric structure, weight, types of fibers, and fiber blend proportion influence the bursting strength parameter. The tenacity of polyester fiber is better than cotton and spandex. The study focused on predicting knit fabric bursting strength test value using different fibers (cotton, polyester, and spandex) with varying percentages of the blend ratio. This study used fifteen categories of blended fabrics. The Pearson Correlation and the hypothetical ANOVA regression analysis were conducted to do the statistical significance test. The experimental result reveals that the bursting strength test result increased with the increased percentage of polyester and suggested a suitable regression equation. The dominance of the polyester fiber was observed throughout the experiment, i.e., the higher the polyester blend proportion, the higher the bursting strength value. The inclusion of polyester in blends can reduce the cost of fabric. The developed prediction model or equation can help the fabric manufacturer make appropriate decisions regarding getting the expected bursting strength. The researcher hopes that the findings from this study will motivate new researchers, advanced researchers, and the textile manufacturing industry.

生物基阻燃水性聚氨酯涂料的制备及对胶合板性能的影响

针对包装、建筑和家具领域使用的胶合板易燃的问题,对胶合板进行阻燃处理,利用蓖麻油、马来酸酐、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、季戊四醇、三乙胺、硼酸锌、丙酮、乙二胺,通过丙酮法制备生物基阻燃水性聚氨酯乳液,采用浸渍涂布法制备阻燃杨木胶合板。根据GB/T 1040.3—2006对水性聚氨酯胶膜的物理性能进行测试,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱表征硼酸锌添加量不同的乳液的官能团,采用氧指数测定仪、热重分析仪、锥形量热仪、导热系数测试仪表征阻燃处理前后杨木胶合板的阻燃性能、热稳定性、热释放速率和隔热性能,并探究了阻燃杨木胶合板的抗流失性能。结果表明:阻燃杨木胶合板具有良好的阻燃性能,当硼酸锌添加量达到7.5g时阻燃杨木胶合板的极限氧指数可达34.8%,残炭率较对照样提高了360.94%,最大热释放速率降低了24.10%,总热释放量下降了43.32%,总烟释放量下降了37.50%,导热系数下降了24.14%,同时抗流失性也有所提升。生物基阻燃水性聚氨酯乳液可以增强杨木胶合板的阻燃性能,较直接添加硼酸锌具有更好的抗流失性,可以为胶合板提供更持久的阻燃效果。

基于有机硅改性聚氨酯/二氧化硅的超疏水棉织物制备及其性能分析

为提高水性聚氨酯整理棉织物的疏水性,采用侧链型聚二甲基硅氧烷与硅烷偶联剂KH550制备交联型水性有机硅改性聚氨酯(WSPU)乳液,然后将疏水二氧化硅(SiO_(2))粒子的分散液喷涂在经WSPU浸轧整理的棉织物表面,制备得到基于WSPU/SiO_(2)的超疏水棉织物。考察KH550的质量分数对WSPU乳液烘干后所得乳胶膜性能的影响,探讨了WSPU与SiO_(2)复合整理棉织物的结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明:当KH550的质量分数为3.0%时,WSPU乳胶膜具有良好的机械性能与疏水性。当SiO_(2)分散液的质量分数为1.0%时,WSPU与SiO_(2)复合整理后的棉织物表面富集硅元素且具有微纳复合结构,织物水接触角达151.8°,滚动角为4.8°,呈现较好的自清洁性能与抗黏附性能;由于复合涂层与纤维间存在物理作用及化学键合,WSPU与SiO_(2)复合整理棉织物具有优异的耐水洗牢度,经20次水洗后水接触角仅下降3.0°。该研究为制备性能稳定的超疏水织物提供了参考。

非对称结构纤维膜的制备及其热调控性能

为获得在寒冷环境下可通过零能耗的方式使人体保持合适体温的织物,将浸渍法和静电纺丝法相结合,以二维过渡金属碳氮化合物(MXene)、聚多巴胺(PDA)、聚氨基甲酸酯(PU)为原料,棉织物(Fc)为基底,制备了二维过渡金属碳氮化合物黏附聚多巴胺-棉织物(MXene/PDA-C)为亲水层,PU纤维膜为疏水层的非对称结构(PU/MXene/PDA-C)纤维膜复合材料。借助扫描电子显微镜、液态水分管理仪、接触角测试仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等对所制备的PU/MXene/PDA-C进行表征测试。结果表明:当疏水层静电纺丝时间为15 min时,非对称结构纤维复合膜的单向液体运输能力最好,具有优异的水蒸气透过率,可将人体皮肤的汗液快速导出;此外,MXene赋予非对称结构纤维复合膜出色的光热转化性能,在模拟太阳光照射下,与普通棉织物相比,能够升温约30℃。

木质素基水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇共混膜制备及性能

环境友好型薄膜代替传统石油基薄膜用于农用地膜等领域愈发引起广泛的关注和研究。薄膜性能的提高仍然是当下所要攻克的难题。针对解决传统聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)在薄膜领域力学强度低,耐水性及隔绝紫外能力差的缺点,同时为了能够更好的提高生物质资源的使用价值,该研究以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,木质素(Lignin)、水性聚氨酯(waterborne polyurethane,WBPU)作为填料剂,对木质素进行液化制备木质素液化物L(D),采用溶液浇筑法成功制备木质素基水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇共混膜。通过对共混膜的光学性能,形貌特征,化学结构和晶体结构进行表征分析,探究了木质素用量,L(D)/WBPU质量比对共混膜的影响。结果表明,L(D)与WBPU均能与PVA充分混合,并在含有15%L(D)的共混膜中表现出的力学性能和耐水性能最好,拉伸强度提升了10%,耐水性提高了32%,同时加强了膜的抗紫外能力,在400 nm紫外区的透光率从81.44%降低至7.69%;在不同L(D)/WBPU质量比的作用下,膜的耐水性和抗紫外性都得到进一步的加强,耐水性最高提升了68%,400 nm紫外区的透光率接近于0。该研究制备的共混膜具备较高的应用潜力,同时对食品、医药包装等领域有一定的参考意义。

混纺比对PLA棉混纺纱力学性能的影响

为了研究混纺比对PLA棉混纺纱力学性能的影响关系,制备了PLA含量为10%~90%的9种混纺纱以及纯PLA纱、纯棉纱,并对其力学性能进行测试。将混纺纱中各组分纤维的强伸曲线用纯PLA纱和纯棉纱的强伸曲线替代,建立混纺纱强伸性能预测模型,以提升模型预测的精准度。结果表明:试验所用PLA/棉的临界混纺比为70/30,当PLA含量低于70%时,混纺纱的断裂强度随着PLA含量的增加逐渐下降,而断裂伸长率趋于稳定;当PLA含量高于70%时,混纺纱的断裂强度和断裂伸长率都逐渐增大;混纺纱力学性能指标的实测值与模型预测值具有高度一致性,体现了预测模型的准确性。认为该预测模型为预测混纺纱力学性能提供了一种比较简便的方法。

聚乳酸聚氨酯嵌段预聚体增韧PLA/TPU共混物

合成聚乳酸聚氨酯嵌段共聚物预聚体(PLA-b-PUP),以其作为聚乳酸(PLA)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的活性相容剂,通过原位反应增容制备PLA/TPU/PLA-b-PUP超韧共混物.通过拉伸试验、冲击试验、SEM、FTIR、DSC和TGA研究共混物的力学性能、热性能和增韧机理.结果表明,PLA-b-PUP中的异氰酸酯基团与PLA和TPU上的活性基团发生反应,显著改善了PLA/TPU共混物两相界面的相容性.随着PLA-b-PUP的加入量增加,共混物中PLA的玻璃化转变温度和相对结晶度逐渐降低,当PLA-b-PUP的质量分数为PLA/TPU共混物的4%时,共混材料的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度分别达到无相容剂时的8.12和2.73倍,表现出良好的增容增韧效果.添加PLA-b-PUP后,共混物的初始分解温度有所降低,但最快分解温度有所提高.

壳聚糖基膨胀阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。

共轭静电纺PLA/PU纳米纤维混纺纱的制备及性能表征

探讨了共轭静电纺PLA/PU纳米纤维混纺纱的制备及性能。通过共轭静电纺技术,结合PLA优良的可纺性和PU良好的力学性能,进行纳米纤维纺纱,制备连续均匀的PU纳米纤维纱和PLA纳米纤维纱,通过调整正负极推注速率实现PLA/PU纳米纤维混纺纱的制备。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析仪等对所纺制纱线的结构与性能进行测试表征。结果表明:最佳纺纱工艺参数为纺丝正负极电压9.5 kV,正负针头呈与水平方向30°夹角向上倾斜,喇叭口转速400 r/min,卷绕辊转速5.3 r/min;PLA/PU纳米纤维混纺纱随着PLA喷丝量的增加,捻回角先增大达到平衡后略微减小,PLA/PU比例为3∶4时捻回角达到最大为39.54°,纱线直径波动范围最小,均匀性好,内部纤维粗细最均匀,孔隙率为34.04%,较纯PU明显提高;随着PLA喷丝量的增加,混纺纱断裂强力、断裂伸长、初始模量和断裂功逐渐降低。

BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物染整工艺

采用活性染料/分散染料对BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物进行染色,比较不同染色工艺的得色效果、耐汗渍色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度以及耐光色牢度等指标,筛选BCI棉/再生涤混纺针织织物的大生产工艺,从而减少实际大生产时染色带来废水对环境造成的污染,以优化染色质量与成本。实验结果表明:选择方案4#进行印染加工更加节约用水成本、时间成本、用电成本。染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,具有生产可行性。

基于涤棉混纺织物的荧光碳点对Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测

该文以废弃涤棉混纺织物为碳源,分别在乙二醇和硫酸溶液中通过溶剂热法合成了两种荧光碳点,实现了对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。通过透射电镜与红外光谱表征了碳点的形貌与组成,并基于紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了碳点的电子跃迁形式及发光类型。在乙二醇体系中制得的碳点(ETCCDs)能够选择性检测Cr(Ⅵ),检出限为0.093 mg/L,其检测机理为荧光内滤效应;硫酸体系中制备的碳点(WTCCDs)能够选择性检测Hg(Ⅱ),检出限为0.018µmol/L,检测机理为能量转移。对实际水样中的Cr(Ⅵ)和Hg(Ⅱ)进行检测,验证了上述两种碳点的实用性。基于涤棉混纺织物制备的荧光碳点不仅实现了对两种重金属离子的检测,同时也为废旧纺织物的再生利用提供了借鉴意义。