Densities and viscosities for ionic liquids [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][Cl] and their binary mixtures at various temperatures and atmospheric pressure

The density and viscosity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate[BMIM][BF4]and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride[BMIM][Cl]and their binary mixtures within the temperatures from 303.15 K to323.15 K and at ambient pressure were determined in this work.The temperature dependences of density and viscosity were satisfactorily described with the linear model and the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher type equation,respectively.The molar volume and viscosity of binary IL mixtures were predicted through ideal mixing rules showing that almost null deviations for IL mixtures were observed and their mixing was remarkably close to linear ideal behavior in the molar volumes,while comparatively large errors in viscosity occurred.Additionally,the molar volume of the investigated pure ILs and their mixtures could well be predicted by a predictive model presented by Valderrama et al.(Fluid Phase Equilib.,275(2009)145).

Calculation of Viscosity and Diffusion Coefficients for Two Binary Gaseous Mixtures Using the Semi-empirical Inversion Method

The accurate reduced potential energies for two binary gas mixtures including benzene- methanol and methane-tetrafluoromethane at low density have been obtained by direct inversion of the viscosity collision integral equations. The kinetic theory along with the extended principle of corresponding-states has been used to calculate the viscosity and dif- fusion coefficients over a wide range of temperature and composition. Good agreements between calculated and experimental data are obtained.

Density, Viscosity, and Excess Properties for Binary Mixture of Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether ＋ Water from 293.15 to 333.15 K at Atmospheric Pressure

Densities and viscosities were measured as a function of composition for binary liquid mixture of diethylerie glycol monoethyl ether [CH3CH2O（CH2）2O（CH2）2OH] ＋ water from 293.15 to 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure, with a capillary pycnometer and Ubbelohde capillary viscometer respectively. From the experimental data, the excess molar volume V^E, viscosity deviation △η, and the excess energy of activation for viscous flow △G^＊E were calculated. These data were correlated by the Redlich-Kister type equations to obtain the coefficients and standard deviations. The results showed a strong molecular interaction between diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and water.

The Movement of a Mixture of Cotton with an Air Stream during Pneumatic Transport by Pipeline of Variable Cross Section

The article considers the movement of a mixture of air and raw cotton through a pipeline with a variable cross-section as a multi-speed heterogeneous medium. The regularities of the movement of components inside the pipeline, the equation of change in the porosity of cotton, air pressure and component velocities in time and along the transportation line are obtained. It was found that in the initial 20 - 25 m part of the pneumatic transport pipe there is a sharp decrease in pressure and air flow velocity, while the speed of cotton increases rapidly due to which there is a strong deformation of cotton stretching under the influence of aerodynamic force, which occurs due to the difference in the velocities of the components of the mixture, as a result of which the cotton loosens, and its porosity increases intensively.

Determination of physical properties for the mixtures of [BMIM]Cl with different organic solvents

Physical properties including refractive index, density, viscosity and conductivity for binary mixtures of l-butyl- 3-methyl imidazolium chloride （[BMIM]CI） and different organic solvents at 298.15 K have been investigated. Ex- cess molar volumes have been calculated and obtained data has been fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation. The density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing concentration of [BMIM]CI, however, excep- tions do exist as in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/[BMIM]CI. For DMSO/[BMIM]CI, the density decreases with increasing concentration. The addition of different organic solvents was able to disrupt the interactions within mixtures, leading to free mobility of ions. The free mobility of ions has been found to enhance conductivity and decrease viscosity to varying extents in all mixtures studied. It has been observed that solubility parameters, dielectric constants and composition of the solvents used play a vital role in determining the resultant properties. The data obtained will play an important role in understanding the effect of the addition of organic solvents in ILs to enhance their applicability.

Rotational viscosity of a liquid crystal mixture: a fully atomistic molecular dynamics study

Fully atomistic molecular dynamics （MD） simulations at 293, 303 and 313 K have been performed for the four- component liquid crystal mixture, E7, using the software package Material Studio. Order parameters and orientational time correlation functions （TCFs） were calculated from MD trajectories. The rotational viscosity coefficients （RVCs） of the mixture were calculated using the Nemtsov-Zakharov and Fialkowski methods based on statistical-mechanical approaches. Temperature dependences of RVC and density were discussed in detail. Reasonable agreement between the simulated and experimental values was found.

Ultrasonic, Volumetric and Isentropic Compressibility of Binary Mixtures of 1,4-Dioxane with Primary Alcohols at 303.15 K

Density, viscosity and sound velocity of six binary liquid mixtures of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol and octanol with 1,4-dioxane have been measured over the entire range of composition at temperature 303.15K. From the experimental densities, viscosities and sound velocity, the excess molar volume (VE), deviation in viscosity (Δη) and deviation in isentropic compressibility (ΔKS) have been calculated. The results have been used to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.

About Viscosity of Cotton Fiber

The biological variety is mainly connected with presence of the field ecosites,which determine the mechanism of interaction(the symbiosis,pathogenesis,and etc.) that differ typically of such

Effect of Dynamic Pressure on the Shock Structure and Sub‑shock Formation in a Mixture of Polyatomic Gases

We study the shock structure and the sub-shock formation in a binary mixture of rarefied polyatomic gases,considering the dissipation only due to the dynamic pressure.We classify the regions depending on the concentration and the Mach number for which there may exist the sub-shock in the profile of shock structure in one or both constituents or not for prescribed values of the mass ratio of the constituents and the ratios of the specific heats.We compare the regions with the ones of the corresponding mixture of Eulerian gases and perform the numerical calculations of the shock structure for typical cases previously classified and confirm whether sub-shocks emerge.

A Comparative Study of the Flow Field of High Viscosity Media in Conventional/Rotary Hydrocyclones

The flow fields inside conventional and rotary hydrocyclones were simulated respectively. In these simulations, water only and oil-water mixture, with distinctly different viscosities, were used as continuous phases. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental measurements. Simulation results showed that the conventional hydrocyclone could effectively separate sand from water, but could not separate sand from high viscosity water/oil emulsion. This showed that the viscosity of continuous phases influenced greatly both the separation efficiency and the flow field distribution in the conventional hydrocyclone. For high viscosity oil/water sand dispersion （mixture）, the rotary hydrocyclone has better separation performance than the conventional one, with a more favorable flow field distribution.

Dynamics of Unsteady MHD Convective Flow with Thermophoresis of Particles and Variable Thermo-Physical Properties past a Vertical Surface Moving through Binary Mixture

The dynamics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic convective fluid flow with radiation and thermophoresis of particles past a vertical porous plate moving through a binary mixture in an optically thin environment is investigated. The approximate form of the radiative heat flux is considered as the fourth power of temperature. Chemical reaction that occurs as the chemically reacting fluid flow through binary mixture is accounted for in energy and species concentration equations. Exponential space dependent heat source is introduced to generate additional heat energy across the fluid domain. The corresponding influence of heat energy is properly accounted for. It is assumed that viscosity and thermal conductivity vary as a linear function of temperature. The governing boundary layer equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. A novel method of obtaining root finding starting with three guesses in shooting techniques is presented. The corresponding nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations is solved numerically by shooting technique along with quadratic interpolation scheme. Graphical results of the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown for certain pertinent parameters controlling the fluid flow. The quadratic interpolation method is found to produce better estimated values of , which satisfy the degree of accuracy and proportional to the physical quantities.

热风黏合烘箱有限元仿真分析与结构优化

为研究和提升热风黏合烘箱内部流场和温度场的均匀性,采用有限元分析方法对烘箱内部流场进行了仿真分析与优化。使用SolidWorks建立了烘箱流体域三维模型,根据烘箱工作时条件设定仿真计算的边界条件,通过实验测量得到纤维网的流阻数值,设定流阻相同的多孔介质模型代替纤维网实际结构,利用Fluent软件对烘箱内部流体域模型进行仿真计算,通过实验验证了仿真建模及计算的正确性。仿真结果表明:现有结构的烘箱上风道内流场不匀,纤维网表面温度场均匀性较差,针对仿真结果反映出的问题对烘箱结构进行了优化;优化后的烘箱仿真结果显示烘箱内部流场均匀性提升,纤维网上表面温度的总体均匀度由86.43%提升到93.06%。对烘箱进行结构优化后不仅提升了烘箱内部整体流场和温度场的均匀性,同时有利于降低烘箱的能耗。

离子液体[EOEMIM][NTf_(2)]与甲醇二元混合物的密度和粘度性质及半经验估算

为了更好的研究离子液体二元体系的性质,同时为了离子液体的应用研究提供理论数据,本研究测定了离子液体1-乙基乙基醚-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺盐[EOEMIM][NTf_(2)]与甲醇二元混合体系(即摩尔分数x1=0.0000~1.000)在T=(288.15~318.15)K温度范围内间隔5 K的密度值和粘度值。二元混合物的密度和粘度值随着温度T的升高而减小,随着摩尔分数的增加而增大。二元混合物的平均摩尔体积随着温度的升高而减小,随着摩尔分数的增加而增大。热膨胀系数随着温度和摩尔分数的变化缓慢。二元混合物的超额摩尔体积均是负值,Redlich-Kister方程将超额摩尔体积对摩尔分数作图,在最低点时值最小,说明此时离子液体与甲醇分子间的相互作用力最强。粘度偏差和超额粘滞流动活化Gibbs自由能分别对摩尔分数进行R-K方程拟合,拟合效果良好。结合R-K方程参数值,提出估算二元混合物任何组成的平均摩尔体积半经验方法和粘度半经验方法,二元混合物的平均摩尔体积和粘度的估算值分别与他们相对应的实验值较好的一致。

赤泥填料对排水沥青混合料路用性能的影响

为探究赤泥填料对排水沥青混合料路用性能的影响,首先选择两种国产高黏改性剂PT-HVA和AR-HVA制备得到高黏改性沥青,并将成品苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(styrene-butadiene-styrene,SBS)改性沥青作为对照组,对三种改性沥青进行各项沥青性能试验。结果表明:两种改性剂的最佳掺量均为15%。接着以三种改性沥青为胶结料配制三种排水性沥青混合料(填料为赤泥和矿粉),并进行各项路用性能试验。结果表明:由赤泥制备的混合料的路用性能良好,其中AR-HVA高黏改性沥青+赤泥制备的混合料性能最优,动稳定度达11053次/mm,残留稳定度为91.46%,冻融劈裂比为89.60%,飞散损失为5.20%,老化系数为24.60%。同时,由赤泥制备而成的混合料的弯拉强度和弯拉应变比由矿粉制备的混合料的小,这表明赤泥虽能有效地提高混合料的高温性能、水稳性能、抗松散性能和抗老化性能,但会降低混合料的低温性能。

分子动力学模拟预测天然气密度和黏度的可行性研究

天然气作为相对清洁、低碳的能源,在我国的一次能源消费占比持续增长,其物性的精准预测对天然气集输利用过程分析至关重要。通过收集文献中天然气在不同温度和压力下的物性实测数据,对比分析了分子动力学模拟和常用经验模型计算天然气密度和黏度的预测精度,明确了不同组成天然气适用的最佳物性预测模型。结果表明,分子动力学模拟在预测天然气黏度方面具有较强的适用性,尤其是在高温高压条件下,当温度为444.4 K时,平均相对误差小于5%;天然气密度则采用现有相对成熟的经验模型更合适,而采用分子动力学模拟方法的几种力场模型预测其精度均不高;天然气密度和黏度预测模型的预测精度,不仅受温度和压力范围的影响,还与天然气组成有关。

基于离散元的棉田仿生减阻犁体设计与试验

针对当前铧式犁在棉田土壤犁耕作业过程中易黏附、阻力大、能耗高等问题,立足两种典型棉田土壤,以犁体、棉田土壤和两者之间的相互作用为研究对象,提出犁体曲面模型优化和表面结构仿生相结合的方法。以穿山甲体表的鳞片三角圆弧状结构和蜣螂体表的凸包结构相结合作为仿生原型,研制一种棉田仿生脱附减阻犁体,分别对两种棉田土壤的物理和化学特性进行试验测定并建立离散元模型。进行传统犁体与仿生犁体的耕作过程仿真与试验,在1号土样中仿生犁体相对传统犁体减阻5.4%,土壤减粘性能提升44.15%;在2号土样中仿生犁体相对传统犁体减阻7.8%,土壤减粘性能提升45.49%,研究结果表明仿生犁体对棉田土壤减粘降阻效果明显。

腈纶、棉、胶原蛋白与黏胶混纺针织面料的开发

选用腈纶纤维、棉纤维、胶原蛋白纤维、黏胶纤维为原料,以30∶30∶20∶20比例进行混纺,开发一款含胶原蛋白的双面组织起毛绒面料。介绍了面料的织造工艺、染整工艺以及技术要点,并对面料的理化性能、弹性性能、保暖性能、回潮率和抗菌性能进行测试。结果表明:面料的各项物理和化学测试均能满足客户要求,弹性回复性、保暖性、吸湿性和抗菌性均优良,是新一代的保暖、亲肤、环保型面料。

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融制保温纤维试验研究

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有Ca、Si、Al、Na等金属氧化物成分,本文提出垃圾焚烧飞灰与垃圾焚烧炉渣、废玻璃配伍熔融制备保温纤维的方法,并进行中试研究。结果表明,辅料的加入降低混合物料的熔点并提高了熔浆的粘度。单独飞灰或飞灰比例过高时无法成纤,随着四辊离心机转速的提高,纤维平均直径会变细,使用80%飞灰+20%炉渣的配方,四辊转速分别为3960 r/min、3960 r/min、4290 r/min、4620 r/min时,纤维平均直径降至6.04μm。熔融得到的保温纤维中重金属得到有效固定,Cr、As、Pb的去除率分别达到了87.6%、96.7%、99.9%。

高含水稠油混合液当量黏度的测试研究

原油黏度是油田地面工程集输系统规划与设计的重要物性参数。传统搅拌法测定高含水稠油混合液黏度,存在低转速无法均匀分散、高转速偏离实际工况的问题,采用高速搅拌分散与低速剪切测试交替进行,此剪切程序设计适用于高含水稠油混合液的搅拌测黏方法。此方法克服了环道法用油量大且实验操作复杂的缺点,并具备旋转黏度计连续测量且操作方便的优点。采用高低速交替搅拌法测定高含水稠油流动特性曲线,测量结果与实验环道法相比,1#油样的平均相对偏差为6.16%,平均绝对偏差为3.23 mPa·s,2#油样的平均相对偏差为2.61%,平均绝对偏差为3.69 mPa·s。结果表明:测试误差在允许范围内,测定得到的流动特性曲线呈现良好的规律性,混合液剪切稀释性随其含水率和温度降低而逐渐增强。

富油型高黏高弹桥面铺装过渡层材料服役性能研究

针对混凝土桥面板铺装工程对铺装层材料的性能需求,提出富油型高黏高弹桥面铺装过渡层材料,开发出60℃黏度>70万Pa·s的过渡层材料专用高黏高弹改性沥青,研究了不同油石比、不同级配、不同厚度的过渡层材料与组合结构的服役性能规律.结果表明:富油型高黏高弹过渡层材料具备优异的高温、低温,以及水稳定性能,在组合结构的形式中与混凝土桥面板的25℃的剪切强度、拉拔强度分别达到0.98、0.71 MPa.动态荷载下,随着油石比与厚度的提高,组合结构试件的初始裂纹出现、裂缝扩展速度降低,起到阻止裂缝传递与反射的作用,在0.2应力水平下铺装层组合结构疲劳寿命可达到10万次.超薄组合铺装结构服役性能优异,可有效防止铺装层出现推移、拥包、开裂等桥面病害.