Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major...Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major approach for cucumber, and its frequency has been up to 23%. For example, significantly enhancement of the transformation efficiency of this plant species was achieved from the cotyledon explants of the cultivar Poinsett 76 infected by Agrobacterium strains EHA105 with efficient positive selection system in lots of experiments. This review is to summarize some key factors influencing cucumber regeneration and genetic transformation, including target genes, selection systems and the ways of transgene introduction, and then to put forward some strategies for the increasing of cucumber transformation efficiency. In the future, it is high possible for cucumber to be potential bioreactor to produce vaccine and biomaterials for human beings.展开更多
Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplifi...Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects (E-l-0 model). The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I . In cross II, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross III were similar to those in cross II. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome.展开更多
Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes.
There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on micro...There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.展开更多
An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for furth...An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.展开更多
Plant height in cucumber is not only an important trait for breeding,but also one of the model traits suitable for the study of developmental biology.Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and simple sequence rep...Plant height in cucumber is not only an important trait for breeding,but also one of the model traits suitable for the study of developmental biology.Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers techniques were applied for the construction of genetic linkage maps in cucumber.To understand the dwarf trait genetic basis in cucumber,the quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified using F_6 recombinant inbred line populations(RILs)comprising 336 lines from the cross between the two cultivars D0462(the dwarf)and DN129(the vine).In total,six SSR markers and 15 AFLP markers were detected on the five linkage groups covering 152.8 cM with a mean marker interval of 7.28 cM.Only one QTL was found to be linked with plant height and the dwarf trait locus remained in the fourth linkage group.The contributory percentage of the single QTL to plant height was 11.39%.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><s...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i>&l...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the planting adaptability of vegetables in Shanghai.[Methods]In this paper,cowpea(Vigna unguiculate(L.)Walp.),cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)and potato(Solanum tubero...[Objectives]To explore the planting adaptability of vegetables in Shanghai.[Methods]In this paper,cowpea(Vigna unguiculate(L.)Walp.),cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)and potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)were selected as experimental materials and planted in the open air.The growth status,the occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and the taste evaluation of these four kinds of common vegetables were mainly studied.[Results]The results showed that the four kinds of common vegetables in Shanghai had strong growth,strong adaptability,less pests and diseases,and good taste.[Conclusions]The cowpea,cucumber,eggplant,and potato are suitable for planting in Shanghai.展开更多
Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins(NIPs) are a family of channel-forming transmembrane proteins that function in the transport of water and other small molecules.Some NIPs can mediate silicon transport across plasma m...Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins(NIPs) are a family of channel-forming transmembrane proteins that function in the transport of water and other small molecules.Some NIPs can mediate silicon transport across plasma membranes and lead to silicon accumulation in plants,which is beneficial for the growth and development of plants.Cucumber is one of the most widely consumed vegetables;however,the functions of NIPs in this crop are still largely unknown.Here,we report the functional characteristics of Cs NIP2;2.It was found that Cs NIP2;2 is a tandem repeat of Cs NIP2;1,which had been demonstrated to be a silicon influx transporter gene.Cs NIP2;2 has a selectivity filter composed of cysteine,serine,glycine and arginine(CSGR),which is different from all previously characterized silicon influx transporters in higher plants at the second helix position.Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with Cs NIP2;2 c RNA demonstrated a higher uptake of silicon than the control,and the uptake remained unchanged under low temperature.Cs NIP2;2 was found to be expressed in the root,stem,lamina and petiole,and exogenous silicon treatment decreased its expression in the stem but not in other tissues.Transient expression of Cs NIP2;2-e GFP fusion sequence in onion epidermal cells showed that Cs NIP2;2 was localized to the cell nucleus,plasma membrane and an unknown structure inside the cell.The results suggest that Cs NIP2;2 is a silicon influx transporter in cucumber,and its subcellular localization and the selectivity filter are different from those of the previously characterized silicon influx transporters in other plants.These findings may be helpful for understanding the functions of NIPs in cucumber plants.展开更多
Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a complex amendment on the soil organic matter content, pH, microbial quantity, Cd uptake and nutritional quality of the fruit of cucumber (Cucumis sativ...Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a complex amendment on the soil organic matter content, pH, microbial quantity, Cd uptake and nutritional quality of the fruit of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) planted in two levels (CdCl2·2.5H2O mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) of Cd-contaminated soil in which different concentrations of complex amendments (0, 600, 900, 1 200 mg/kg) were added. The results showed that when applying 1 200 mg/kg amendment, the organic mat-ter content, bacterial number and total microorganism amounts in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil increased by 23.17% and 32.89%, 87.61% and 96.02%, 59.95% and 55.81%, respectively. When 900 mg/kg amendment was applied, the fungi number in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil reached the maximum, in-creasing by 137.50% and 106.72% respectively. However, applying the amendment had no significant effect on the pH of soil. The security and nutritional quality of cu-cumber fruits were obviously improved comparing with control. The Cd content in cucumber fruits decreased by 31.40% and 24.35%, respectively, in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble fixation content in cucumber fruits of 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil went up by 25.00% and 91.42%, 37.03% and 27.06%, 14.29% and 58.80%, respectively. lt was indicated that the complex amendment can obviously improve the quality of cucumber fruit and thus can be used in the in situ_repair of Cd-contaminated soil.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the Biogreen 21 Program, RDA, Korea (PJ00810304)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2014–2015)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, China (KM200910011001)
文摘Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major approach for cucumber, and its frequency has been up to 23%. For example, significantly enhancement of the transformation efficiency of this plant species was achieved from the cotyledon explants of the cultivar Poinsett 76 infected by Agrobacterium strains EHA105 with efficient positive selection system in lots of experiments. This review is to summarize some key factors influencing cucumber regeneration and genetic transformation, including target genes, selection systems and the ways of transgene introduction, and then to put forward some strategies for the increasing of cucumber transformation efficiency. In the future, it is high possible for cucumber to be potential bioreactor to produce vaccine and biomaterials for human beings.
文摘Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects (E-l-0 model). The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I . In cross II, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross III were similar to those in cross II. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome.
文摘Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes.
基金Project supported by Scientific Grant of TianJin Normal University (1CHS02B)Special Grant of the President of TianJin Normal University
文摘There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.
基金This paper is translated from its Chinese version in Scientia Agricultura Sinica.This research was partially supported by the Transcentury Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education of China to Dr.Chen Jinfeng(30470120)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671419)+2 种基金the National Hi-Tech R&D Program(2004AA241120)the Tang Foundation Cornell-China Scholar Programthe Pickle Seed Research Foundation of Pickle Packers International.The authors sincerely thank Dr.Zhai Huqu,the President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for his support in this research.
文摘An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.
基金Supported by the"Academic Backbone"Project of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG06)Supporting Certificate of Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBH-Q16021)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2019C033)。
文摘Plant height in cucumber is not only an important trait for breeding,but also one of the model traits suitable for the study of developmental biology.Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers techniques were applied for the construction of genetic linkage maps in cucumber.To understand the dwarf trait genetic basis in cucumber,the quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified using F_6 recombinant inbred line populations(RILs)comprising 336 lines from the cross between the two cultivars D0462(the dwarf)and DN129(the vine).In total,six SSR markers and 15 AFLP markers were detected on the five linkage groups covering 152.8 cM with a mean marker interval of 7.28 cM.Only one QTL was found to be linked with plant height and the dwarf trait locus remained in the fourth linkage group.The contributory percentage of the single QTL to plant height was 11.39%.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project for Agriculture Development of Shanghai Agricultural Commission[Hu Nong Ke Tui Zi(2019)No.1-8]Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19DZ1203501)。
文摘[Objectives]To explore the planting adaptability of vegetables in Shanghai.[Methods]In this paper,cowpea(Vigna unguiculate(L.)Walp.),cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)and potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)were selected as experimental materials and planted in the open air.The growth status,the occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and the taste evaluation of these four kinds of common vegetables were mainly studied.[Results]The results showed that the four kinds of common vegetables in Shanghai had strong growth,strong adaptability,less pests and diseases,and good taste.[Conclusions]The cowpea,cucumber,eggplant,and potato are suitable for planting in Shanghai.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072561 and 31772290)。
文摘Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins(NIPs) are a family of channel-forming transmembrane proteins that function in the transport of water and other small molecules.Some NIPs can mediate silicon transport across plasma membranes and lead to silicon accumulation in plants,which is beneficial for the growth and development of plants.Cucumber is one of the most widely consumed vegetables;however,the functions of NIPs in this crop are still largely unknown.Here,we report the functional characteristics of Cs NIP2;2.It was found that Cs NIP2;2 is a tandem repeat of Cs NIP2;1,which had been demonstrated to be a silicon influx transporter gene.Cs NIP2;2 has a selectivity filter composed of cysteine,serine,glycine and arginine(CSGR),which is different from all previously characterized silicon influx transporters in higher plants at the second helix position.Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with Cs NIP2;2 c RNA demonstrated a higher uptake of silicon than the control,and the uptake remained unchanged under low temperature.Cs NIP2;2 was found to be expressed in the root,stem,lamina and petiole,and exogenous silicon treatment decreased its expression in the stem but not in other tissues.Transient expression of Cs NIP2;2-e GFP fusion sequence in onion epidermal cells showed that Cs NIP2;2 was localized to the cell nucleus,plasma membrane and an unknown structure inside the cell.The results suggest that Cs NIP2;2 is a silicon influx transporter in cucumber,and its subcellular localization and the selectivity filter are different from those of the previously characterized silicon influx transporters in other plants.These findings may be helpful for understanding the functions of NIPs in cucumber plants.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Commission of Rural Affairs Science&Technology Program(20120129)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Leafy Vegetable Innovation Team Program(BAIC07-2016)~~
文摘Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a complex amendment on the soil organic matter content, pH, microbial quantity, Cd uptake and nutritional quality of the fruit of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) planted in two levels (CdCl2·2.5H2O mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) of Cd-contaminated soil in which different concentrations of complex amendments (0, 600, 900, 1 200 mg/kg) were added. The results showed that when applying 1 200 mg/kg amendment, the organic mat-ter content, bacterial number and total microorganism amounts in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil increased by 23.17% and 32.89%, 87.61% and 96.02%, 59.95% and 55.81%, respectively. When 900 mg/kg amendment was applied, the fungi number in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil reached the maximum, in-creasing by 137.50% and 106.72% respectively. However, applying the amendment had no significant effect on the pH of soil. The security and nutritional quality of cu-cumber fruits were obviously improved comparing with control. The Cd content in cucumber fruits decreased by 31.40% and 24.35%, respectively, in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble fixation content in cucumber fruits of 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil went up by 25.00% and 91.42%, 37.03% and 27.06%, 14.29% and 58.80%, respectively. lt was indicated that the complex amendment can obviously improve the quality of cucumber fruit and thus can be used in the in situ_repair of Cd-contaminated soil.