Construction monitoring of lock head base plate using distributed optical fibre sensing technique

The concrete hydration heat release process of the base plate is monitored using Roman optical time domain reflectometry（ROTDR） sensing sensors. The monitoring data shows that the internal maximum temperature of the base plate is about 54 ℃ after the concrete was cured for 120 h. The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） temperature sensors are adopted to measure the surface temperature of the concrete and the temperature results are used to compensate the data measured by the pulse-prepump Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer （PPP-BOTDA） to obtain the real concrete surface strain of the base plate. The monitoring data is analyzed to obtain a clear understanding of the strain state of the base plate under the effect of concrete hydration heat release. The monitoring results demonstrate the potential of distributed optical fibre sensing techniques as a powerful tool in real-time construction monitoring, and also provide an important insight into the design, construction and maintenance of large hydraulic structures.

Seismic performance evaluation of steel frame-steel plate shear walls system based on the capacity spectrum method

This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure is converted to the capacity spectrum of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） system. The capacity spectrum method （CSM） is programmed by means of MATLABT.0 computer language. A dual lateral force resisting system of 10-story steel frame-steel plate shear walls （SPSW） is designed according to the corresponding China design codes. The base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure subjected to the monotonic increasing lateral inverse triangular load is obtained by applying the equivalent strip model to stimulate SPSW and by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis. The seismic performance of this dual system subjected to three different conditions, i.e. the 8-intensity frequently occurred earthquake, fortification earthquake and seldom occurred earthquake, is evaluated by CSM program. The excessive safety of steel frame-SPSW system designed according to the present China design codes is pointed out and a new design method is suggested.

Field plate structural optimization for enhancing the power gain of GaN-based HEMTs

A novel source-connected field plate structure, featuring the same photolithography mask as the gate electrode, is proposed as an improvement over the conventional field plate （FP） techniques to enhance the frequency performance in GaN-based HEMTs. The influences of the field plate on frequency and breakdown performance are investigated simul- taneously by using a two-dimensional physics-based simulation. Compared with the conventional T-gate structures with a field plate length of 1.2 gm, this field plate structure can induce the small signal power gain at 10 GHz to increase by 5-9.5 dB, which depends on the distance between source FP and dramatically shortened gate FE This technique minimizes the parasitic capacitances, especially the gate-to-drain capacitance, showing a substantial potential for millimeter-wave, high power applications.

Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) Model for Ultra-Fast Cooling in Plate Mill

New generation thermo-mechanical control process（TMCP） based on ultra-fast cooling is being widely adopted in plate mill to product high-performance steel material at low cost. Ultra-fast cooling system is complex because of optimizing the temperature control error generated by heat transfer mathematical model and process parameters. In order to simplify the system and improve the temperature control precision in ultra-fast cooling process, several existing models of case-based reasoning（CBR） model are reviewed. Combining with ultra-fast cooling process, a developed R5 CBR model is proposed, which mainly improves the case representation, similarity relation and retrieval module. Certainty factor is defined in semantics memory unit of plate case which provides not only internal data reliability but also product performance reliability. Similarity relation is improved by defined power index similarity membership function. Retrieval process is simplified and retrieval efficiency is improved apparently by windmill retrieval algorithm. The proposed CBR model is used for predicting the case of cooling strategy and its capability is superior to traditional process model. In order to perform comprehensive investigations on ultra-fast cooling process, different steel plates are considered for the experiment. The validation experiment and industrial production of proposed CBR model are carried out, which demonstrated that finish cooling temperature（FCT） error is controlled within±25℃ and quality rate of product is more than 97%. The proposed CBR model can simplify ultra-fast cooling system and give quality performance for steel product.

High-Efficiency Generation of 0.12 mJ, 8.6 Fs Pulses at 400 nm Based on Spectral Broadening in Solid Thin Plates

We demonstrate eftlcient generation of continuous spectrum centered at 40Ohm from solid thin plates. By frequency doubling of 0.8m J, 3Ors Ti：sapphire laser pulses with a BBO crystal, 0.2m J, 33fs laser pulses at 400nm are generated. Focusing the 400-nm pulses into 7 thin fused silica plates, we obtain 0.15mJ continuous spectrum covering 350-450 nm. After compressing by 3 pairs of chirped mirrors, 0. 12 m J, 8.6 fs pulses are achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that sub-10-fs pulses centered at 400nm are generated by solid thin plates, which shows that spectral broadening in solid-state materials works not only at 800nm but also at different wavelengths.

Calculus of the Railway Vertical Stiffness Depending on the Base Plate Stiffness and the Ballast for High Speed Railways

The study aims to determine a mathematical formula that correlates the vertical stiffness of the principal elements of a high speed railway. To do this, beginning on the traditional formulations, a new mathematical model has been proposed, and has been verified and confirmed with the real information of high speed railways. Finally, there has been obtained a simple expression that correlates simply the vertical stiffness of the railway with the vertical stiffness of the elements that compound it, essentially with the base plate and the ballast system set. On the other hand, also the accuracy of the model has been verified to select the stiffness of the base plate and the ballast system depending on one of this stiffness and the total vertical stiffness that it is wanted. With this simplified formula, it is possible to optimize the vertical stiffness of the railway to obtain the best behavior in each zone and to reduce the final cost of the use of the via, taking in consideration the energy needed to move the trains, the maintenance cost, the useful life, etc.. The process to optimize the railway stiffness in each point depends on the vertical stiffness of the ballast and the sub-ballast, and it is possible to use different plate bases with different stiffness to obtain the optimal stiffness that has been previously obtained with a cost and maintenance analysis.

A RECTANGULAR ELEMENT OF THIN PLATES BASED UPON THE GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES

Based on generalized variational principles, an element called MR-12 was constructed for the static and dynamic analysis of thin plates with orthogonal anisotropy. Numerical results showed that this incompatible element converges very rapidly and has good accuracy. It was demonstrated that generalized varialional principles arc useful and effective in founding incompatible clement.Moreover, element MR-12 is easy for implementation since it does not differ very much from the common rectangular element R-12 of thin plate.

A two-dimensional fully analytical model with polarization effect for off-state channel potential and electric field distributions of GaN-based field-plated high electron mobility transistor

In this paper, we present a two-dimensional （2D） fully analytical model with consideration of polarization effect for the channel potential and electric field distributions of the gate field-plated high electron mobility transistor （FP-HEMT） on the basis of 2D Poisson＇s solution. The dependences of the channel potential and electric field distributions on drain bias, polarization charge density, FP structure parameters, A1GaN/GaN material parameters, etc. are investigated. A simple and convenient approach to designing high breakdown voltage FP-HEMTs is also proposed. The validity of this model is demonstrated by comparison with the numerical simulations with Silvaco-Atlas. The method in this paper can be extended to the development of other analytical models for different device structures, such as MIS-HEMTs, multiple-FP HETMs, slant-FP HEMTs, etc.

Does driving-day-based tradable credit scheme outperform license plate rationing? Examination considering transaction cost

This article models a novel driving-day-based tradable credit scheme (DD-TCS) to alleviate urban traffic congestion. In this model, car-using allowances (in terms of the number of days in a month, termed as "credit") are freely and uniformly allocated to all travellers, who are also allowed to trade them in a market according to his/her travel needs (e.g. driving more or fewer days than the free endowment). As opposed to most studies on TCS, this paper explicitly considers the transaction cost (e.g. infor-mation cost of finding potential traders) in the trading market. To assess the feasibility of DD-TCS, we compare it against the license plate rationing (LPR) scheme, which has been practically implemented in many cities such as Beijing and Chengdu in China. Taking the performance of LPR as a benchmark, we quantify the threshold values of the transaction cost in DD-TCS when the two schemes yield equivalent performance (in terms of the total gener-alized cost). In numerical studies, we also compare the DD-TCS and LPR with the no-action case and the congestion pricing case (representing the theoretical optimum). Results show that both DD-TCS and LPR outperform the no-action case under certain conditions. With small trans-action cost, DD-TCS may achieve a lower system cost that can be very close to the ideal optimum. In addition, parameter analysis shows that DD-TCS performs better than LPR in a wide range of transaction cost, where the threshold values appear to account for a considerable portion of the auto travel time. This implies that DD-TCS will be more appealing than LPR in practice because a transaction cost lower than the extremely large threshold values can be easily achieved for the trading market, e.g. via a mobile platform and modern communication techniques.

Force-Based Quadrilateral Plate Bending Element for Plate Using Large Increment Method

A force-based quadrilateral plate element( 4NQP13) for the analysis of the plate bending problems using large increment method( LIM) was proposed. The LIM, a force-based finite element method( FEM),has been successfully developed for the analysis of truss,beam,frame,and 2D continua problems. In these analyses,LIMcan provide more precise stress results and less computational time consumption compared with displacement-based FEM. The plate element was based on the Mindlin-Reissner plate theory which took into account the transverse shear effects.Numerical examples were presented to study its performance including accuracy and convergence behavior,and the results were compared with the results have been obtained from the displacementbased quadrilateral plate elements and the analytical solutions. The4NQP13 element can analyze the moderately thick plates and the thin plates using LIMand is free from spurious zero energy modes and free from shear locking for thin plate analysis.

核聚变装置偏滤器靶板材料选择与研究进展

可控热核聚变能是人类最理想的清洁能源之一,是解决人类能源和环境问题的根本途径。目前,可控热核聚变能的发展面临诸多挑战,偏滤器靶板作为磁约束核聚变装置中的重要部件,其设计和制造是维持等离子体放电、实现核聚变反应堆稳定运行亟需解决的关键问题之一。作为等离子体轰击最严重区域,偏滤器靶板经受着高能粒子流辐照和高热负荷冲击(10 MW·m^(-2)稳态负荷和20 MW·m^(-2)瞬态负荷),同时承担着磁约束聚变装置最主要的排热功能。因此,研发具有优异性能的靶板材料是推动核聚变能发展的关键一步。目前,金属铍、碳基材料以及钨基材料是主要的3种偏滤器靶板候选材料。基于国内外现有研究成果,论述了偏滤器靶板材料的选择与研究进展,对比分析了3种候选材料的优势以及存在的问题,以期为偏滤器靶板材料的选择、研发提供借鉴。

考虑轴力与底板约束的埋入式钢柱脚刚度模型

为准确预测埋入式(特别是浅埋)钢柱脚节点的初始转动刚度,将柱脚的埋入段简化为地基梁,基于初参数法完善考虑轴力影响的Winkler地基上的Timoshenko梁理论,提出受锚栓和混凝土约束的柱脚底板转动刚度的计算方法,进而建立可以综合反映柱脚埋深、埋入段剪切变形、钢柱轴力、底板约束影响的埋入式钢柱脚转动刚度模型。基于已验证的有限元模型进行参数分析,研究埋深比、轴力和锚栓布置对柱脚转动刚度的影响。与有限元结果的对比表明,提出的刚度模型较过往文献中理论模型具有更高的精度和更好的适用性,尤其是对于埋深比为0.5~1.5的浅埋柱脚节点。理论与有限元结果表明:埋深比较小时,柱脚转动刚度随埋深比的增加快速增大,而埋深比增加到一定程度后,其对转动刚度几乎无影响;柱脚转动刚度随钢柱轴压力增加呈增大的趋势;对于浅埋柱脚节点,底板约束对其转动刚度的影响较大,而随着埋深的增大,其影响逐渐减小;底板转动约束对埋深比小于1.5的节点刚度具有显著影响,当埋深比增大至2.5,其影响可以忽略。

HOMOGENIZATION-BASED METHOD FOR BENDING ANALYSIS OF PERFORATED PLATE

Owing to the existence of distributed holes, it is difficult tosolve the bending problem of perforated plates by the conventionalfinite element method. A homogenization-based method for this problemis presented in this paper. As an example, the bending analysis of acircular perforated plate with distributed step-wise cylindricalholes is made. The deflection and the fundamental frequen- cyobtained by present method are in good agreement with experimentaldata, this implies that the method is effective.

带短肋钢筋桁架预制底板受弯性能研究

为研究带短肋钢筋桁架预制底板的力学性能,采用ABAQUS建立有限元模型,对比了该板与钢筋桁架预制底板的受弯性能,探讨了短肋形式对该板受弯性能的影响,分析了短肋长度、宽度、数量等因素对该板受弯性能的影响。结果表明:与钢筋桁架预制底板相比,带短肋钢筋桁架预制底板的承载力和刚度更高,带短肋钢筋桁架预制底板具有可行性;矩形短肋可有效提高该板的承载力和刚度;短肋长度、宽度对该板受弯性能影响较大,最大相差21.73%,且短肋长度主要影响承载力,宽度主要影响刚度;短肋混凝土强度等级、厚度,数量对该板受弯性能影响较小,最大相差3.5%。

功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展

钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)混合框架结构以其结合了混凝土优异的抗压性能及钢材优异的抗弯性能而受到广泛关注,而可恢复功能结构以其震后快速恢复使用功能的能力,也成为地震工程界研究的新热点。功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构可以在弯矩较大的梁端和柱脚部位设置可更换构件,实现结构的功能可恢复能力。文中简述了近年来功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构研究进展,重点关注各类型功能可恢复钢梁、功能可恢复摇摆柱脚的构造研究,介绍了功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构性能分析研究进展。最后,对功能可恢复RCS混合框架结构仍需深入研究的问题进行了展望。

基于机加工偏差的网架锥头力学性能研究

为研究机加工偏差对锥头力学性能影响,文中采用数值模拟的方法,建立规格为180×120/35mm的锥头有限元模型,探讨了锥头底板厚度、高强螺栓与锥头底板接触面积、非轴心力、锥头壁厚不均匀等机加工偏差对锥头承载能力和破坏模式的影响,得出不同偏差对锥头承载力和破坏模式的影响规律。根据分析结果,确定了锥头底板厚度不允许出现负偏差、优化螺栓端头尺寸和底板尺寸的匹配、锥头焊接完成后的垂直度检查、锥头中心偏移不宜超过5mm等质量控制建议,为精准评估锥头承载能力提供支持。

基于Kriging模型与FORM的钢板组合梁桥结构优化设计

考虑材料参数的不确定性以及设计变量多重约束条件的影响,提出了基于可靠性分析的钢板组合梁桥结构优化设计方法。首先,利用拉丁超立方试验设计(Latin hypercube design,LHD)构建试验组合方案,并通过有限元分析获取试验设计组合下的最大挠度响应值。基于获取的训练样本,构建能够表征结构最大挠度值与随机输入之间映射关系的Kriging代理模型。基于建立的代理模型,以钢结构截面积最小化为目标函数,建立符合规范要求与可靠度约束的优化数学模型,并采用一阶可靠性方法(first order reliability method,FORM),实现设计变量优化。通过比较具有相同设计变量上限,但下限分别为初始值的80%和70%两种优化设计方案,评估了两者在相同阈值以及不同阈值下设计变量的优化结果。最后对方案二在阈值为17 mm下的优化结果进行极限状态验算。结果表明:两个优化设计方案在阈值为17 mm下的优化结果更具合理性,并且方案二在同一阈值下具有更高的优化程度。随着阈值增加,优化程度增加,且腹板高度在较大阈值下对结果影响更大,而翼缘宽度在较小阈值下影响更大。

装配式蒸压加气混凝土底板叠合楼板力学性能研究

提出了一种装配式蒸压加气混凝土(AAC)底板叠合楼板,该叠合楼板采用带凹槽的预制AAC板作为底板,在凹槽中布设肋梁钢筋,再现浇混凝土形成。通过静力试验和数值模拟研究了该叠合楼板的破坏机理、裂缝分布、承载能力、变形能力和整体工作性能,分析了跨度、配筋率和构造形式等因素对楼板力学性能的影响。对该叠合楼板进行数值分析,验证了有限元模型的合理性。结果表明:叠合楼板试件的破坏形态分为受压混凝土压碎和底板裂缝超限;预制AAC板侧开槽的构造形式能提高楼板的整体工作性能;试件的延性均值在2.5左右,具有较好的变形能力,且试件开裂后刚度变化不大;预制底板配筋率对叠合楼板的极限承载力和刚度影响显著,提高底板的配筋率可以明显提高叠合楼板的承载力和刚度。最后提出了装配式AAC叠合楼板的设计方法。

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心超高层建筑结构设计

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心地处高烈度区,与渭河断裂之间的距离约2km,应考虑近场效应。项目采用钢管混凝土框架(钢梁)+钢筋混凝土核心筒混合结构,存在扭转不规则、刚度突变、有加强层和通高层等不规则项。为提高结构刚度,在避难层设置了2道伸臂桁架加强层。采用YJK、MIDAS Building软件进行了小震弹性对比分析,采用YJK进行了小震弹性时程分析。根据设定的抗震性能目标,对主体结构主要部位和关键构件进行了性能化设计;采用SAUSAGE软件进行了罕遇地震作用下的动力弹塑性时程分析;采用ANSYS软件对伸臂桁架关键节点进行有限元分析。结果表明:各项指标均符合设计要求,结构及构件均达到预设性能目标,结构体系合理,安全可靠。本工程部分墙体为钢板混凝土剪力墙,设计中应注重钢板混凝土剪力墙的构造措施,施工中应采取措施控制钢板变形。

冷喷涂Cu包覆AlN增强铜基复合涂层的制备与性能研究

目的 通过冷喷涂技术在铜基体上制备了具有高致密高硬度的Cu/AlN涂层,并研究化学镀预处理工艺对冷喷涂Cu/AlN复合涂层微观形貌、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。方法 采用冷喷涂技术在铜基体表面分别沉积Cu、Cu-AlN(球磨混合)和Cu-Cu@AlN(化学镀包覆)涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了涂层截面的微观形貌,通过能谱仪(EDS)对涂层元素组成进行了检测,并计算了涂层中AlN的沉积量。借助维氏硬度计和电化学工作站分别对涂层进行了显微硬度和电化学腐蚀行为测试。结果扫描电镜结果显示,Cu-Cu@AlN和Cu-AlN涂层有着比纯Cu涂层更加致密的微观组织,并且与基体的结合更好,孔隙更少。能谱仪结果显示AlN在涂层中分布均匀,并且Cu-Cu@AlN涂层中AlN的含量明显大于Cu-AlN涂层。Cu-Cu@AlN涂层具有最高的显微硬度(151.8HV),相比基体提升71%。在模拟海洋环境中的电化学测试结果表明,Cu-Cu@AlN涂层的自腐蚀电位最高(-0.1667V),表明其腐蚀倾向最低,自腐蚀电流密度最低(1.18μA/cm^(2)),相比Cu-AlN涂层降低了1个数量级,表明其具有最佳的耐腐蚀性能。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,Cu-Cu@AlN涂层具有最高的电荷转移电阻(1625?·cm^(2)),证实其具有最佳的耐蚀性,这与动电位极化测试的结果一致。结论 通过化学镀预处理的粉体制备出的Cu-Cu@AlN涂层致密,AlN含量高,该涂层的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能最好,有望应用在铜及铜合金制备的船舶构件,从而延长其在海洋环境中的服役寿命。