Verification of Depth Adjustment Factor in Eurocode 5 for Tropical Hardwood Timbers

The depth adjustment factor for bending strength stated in Eurocode 5(EC5)is only applicable to timbers having a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3).However,most Malaysian timbers are hardwood,some with a characteristic density reaching above 700 kg/m^(3).Therefore,the objective of this study was to examine whether the depth adjustment factor stipulated in EC5 is valid for Malaysian hardwood timbers.Six timber species were selected for this study,namely Kapur(Dryobalanops C.F.Gaertn.),Kempas(Koompassia Maingay ex Benth.),Keruing(Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.),Light red meranti(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.),Geronggang(Cratoxylum Blume)and Balau(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.).The determination of bending strength and characteristic density was conducted according to BS EN 408:2010 and BS EN 384:2016,respectively.A graph for mean bending strength vs.(150/h)was plotted for each timber species.The power function was selected to analyze the relationship between the two variables.The power of the regression equations varied depending on the characteristic density of the timber species.For species with a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3),such as Kapur,Keruing,and Light red meranti,the power was between 0.16 to 0.17.In contrast,for species having a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3),namely Kempas and Balau,the power was higher at 0.23 and 0.24,respectively.Geronggang was an exception to this pattern.These values are close to the depth adjustment factor given in EC5,which is 0.2.Based on the results,it can be suggested that the adjustment factor of 0.2 is also applicable to Malaysian hardwood timbers with a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3).

Impacts of automated passenger cars on the capacity of a freeway basic section: applicability in the determination of vehicle adjustment factors in mixed traffic

The highway capacity manual(HCM)provides a formula to calculate the heavy vehicle adjustment factor(fHV)as a function of passenger car equivalent factors for the heavy vehicle(ET).However,a significant drawback is that the methodology was established solely based on human-driven passenger cars(HDPC)and human-driven heavy vehicles(HDHV).Due to automated passenger cars(APCs),a new adjustment factor(fAV)might be expected.This study simulated traffic flows at different percentages of HDHVs and APCs to investigate the impacts of HDHVs and APCs on freeway capacity by analyzing their influence on fHV and fAV values.The simulation determined observed adjustment factors at different percentages of HDHVs and APCs(fobserved).The HCM formula was used to calculate(fHCM).Modifications to the HCM formula are proposed,and vehicle adjustment factors due to HDHVs and APCs were calculated(fproposed).Results showed that,in the presence of APCs,while fobserved and fHCM were statistically significantly different,fobserved and fproposed were statistically equal.Hence,this study recommends using the proposed formula when determining vehicle adjustment factors(fproposed)due to HDHVs and APCs in the traffic stream.

A Pilot Study about Recurrence of Cancer： Impact ofPsychosocial Factors on Patients＇ Adjustment

The need to prevent cancer leads the authors to propose three innovative courses of cancer as categories of disease. Theobjectives of the research are to study the impact of different factors on adaptation to the recurrence of cancer and to assess the qualityof life, the anxiety as a state and the depression as a state and the evolution of the disease on a period of three months. During thislongitudinal and prospective study, the author met 32 subjects after announcing the recurrence of their cancer, and saw again 21 of them,three months later. In two times of the study, the author made fill out several questionnaires concerning various variables. The mainresults allow showing that the majority of the subjects did not present new recurrence of cancer and that the use of the Fighting spiritstrategy is representative of them. The author＇s linear regressions and the author＇s comparisons of averages allowed the authors severalrelations about to different categories of disease. Supporting therapies and management programs for stress would be beneficial for thepatients who have recurrence of their cancer.

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS AND ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURE

In this paper, adjustment factors J and R put forward by professor Zhou Jiangwen are introduced and the nature of the adjustment factors and their role in evaluating adjustment structure is discussed and proved.

Effect of Facet Displacement on Radiation Field and Its Application for Panel Adjustment of Large Reflector Antenna

Large reflector antennas are widely used in radars, satellite communication, radio astronomy, and so on. The rapid developments in these fields have created demands for development of better performance and higher surface accuracy. However, low accuracy and low effi- ciency are the common disadvantages for traditional panel alignment and adjustment. In order to improve the surface accuracy of large reflector antenna, a new method is pre- sented to determinate panel adjustment values from far field pattern. Based on the method of Physical Optics （PO）, the effect of panel facet displacement on radiation field value is derived. Then the linear system is constructed between panel adjustment vector and far field pattern. Using the method of Singular Value Decomposition （SVD）, the adjustment value for all panel adjustors are obtained by solving the linear equations. An experiment is conducted on a 3.7 m reflector antenna with 12 segmented panels. The results of simulation and test are similar, which shows that the presented method is feasible. Moreover, thediscussion about validation shows that the method can be used for many cases of reflector shape. The proposed research provides the instruction to adjust surface panels efficiently and accurately.

Optimal fuzzy PID controller with adjustable factors based on flexible polyhedron search algorithm

A new kind of optimal fuzzy PID controller is proposed, which contains two parts. One is an on line fuzzy inference system, and the other is a conventional PID controller. In the fuzzy inference system, three adjustable factors x p, x i , and x d are introduced. Their functions are to further modify and optimize the result of the fuzzy inference so as to make the controller have the optimal control effect on a given object. The optimal values of these adjustable factors are determined based on the ITAE criterion and the Nelder and Mead′s flexible polyhedron search algorithm. This optimal fuzzy PID controller has been used to control the executive motor of the intelligent artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation indicates that this controller is very effective and can be widely used to control different kinds of objects and processes.

A Flux DC Bias Suppression Scheme of Single-stage Full-bridge PFC Converters Based on Dead Zone Adjustment

由于单级桥式功率因数校正（power factor correction,PFC）AC/DC变换技术电路的特点,导致高频变压器存在偏磁现象,影响了系统正常工作。传统方式通过增加变压器气隙或使用隔直电容来防止变压器出现偏磁,但是该类方案影响了系统性能,并增加了电路的复杂程度。结合有源钳位单级PFC变换器工作特点,提出一种基于死区调节的偏磁抑制策略,通过改变系统的开关时序,能够有效抑制偏磁,具有不增加主电路复杂程度、不影响系统性能、数字控制和模拟控制都能够实现等优点。在提出抑制策略的基础上,设计实现电路,给出死区设计方法及影响规律,最后进行实验研究。理论分析及实验结果表明,该策略能够在不影响系统性能的基础上,有效抑制单级桥式PFC变换器的高频变压器偏磁。

Research of Sail Height Adjustment on Sail-Assisted Ship in Different Loading and Wind Conditions

The relationship between ship stability and sail area is firstly investigated based on the sail-assisted ship＇s stability in this paper. Then a height-adjustable sail structure is proposed that could be automatically adjusted according to the wind conditions, ship loading and other requirements. The influences on the sail height in different ship load conditions, different wind apparent velocity and wind direction are analyzed of a sail-assisted bulk carrier. Finally a control procedure of sail height adjustment in real time is proposed according to the actual load conditions, wind conditions, ship velocity and other parameters to make the best use of wind energy, which is significant for the practical application of sail-assisting technology in the future.

护士领导调节聚焦行为、逆境商与创新行为的关系

目的:调查研究北京市某三级甲等医院护士创新行为现状,并分析其与领导调节聚焦行为、护士逆境商的关系。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2022年10月—12月采用一般资料调查表、领导调节聚焦行为量表、逆境商量表和护士创新行为量表对北京市某三级甲等医院的560名护士进行横断面调查。结果:护士感知的领导调节聚焦行为条目均分为(5.70±0.80)分,其中促进型聚焦维度条目均分为(6.19±1.02)分,防御型聚焦维度条目均分为(5.27±0.92)分;逆境商条目均分为(3.29±0.62)分,其中控制维度条目均分(3.39±0.64)分,归因维度条目均分(3.10±0.73)分,延伸维度条目均分(3.37±0.68)分,忍耐维度条目均分(3.31±0.67)分;护士创新行为条目均分(3.81±0.74)分;领导调节聚焦行为、护士逆境商与护士创新行为均呈正相关。结论:促进型的领导调节聚焦行为对护士的创新行为具有重要影响,逆境商在一定程度上影响护士创新行为。医院管理者应注重培养临床护理管理者的调节聚焦行为,提高护士逆境商,从而提升护士的创新行为能力,促进护理专业发展。

基于改进蚁群算法的自动落布车路径规划

针对自动落布车在使用蚁群算法(ant colony algorithm,ACA)进行路径规划过程中出现的收敛次数多、收敛速度较慢且容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种改进蚁群算法(improved ant colony algorithm,IACA)。首先对信息素挥发系数ρ进行自适应调整,令其做动态变化,克服算法的收敛次数过多,加快算法收敛速度,减少算法的收敛时间;其次引入细菌觅食算法中趋化操作的趋化步长因子对信息素更新公式进行改进,削减算法迭代的后期信息素浓度值,使算法在后期跳出局部最优值,提高算法全局搜索能力。利用MATLAB将改进后的算法在3种不同的栅格环境中进行仿真验证。结果表明:相比传统蚁群算法,改进后的算法收敛次数减少81.1%,最小路径长度减少6.3%,收敛时间减少20.7%。最后搭建ROS小车实验平台,利用ROS机器人系统对改进蚁群算法在模拟的织布车间环境中进行实验验证。结果表明:对比传统蚁群算法,改进蚁群算法在寻优时间上减少了8.6%。

我国城镇职工养老保险精算因子测算与比较——基于退休制度改革的探讨

为缓解老龄化趋势下养老金支出不断增加的压力,以我国城镇职工养老保险体系的可持续发展为着眼点,探讨延迟退休的养老金待遇给付标准设计。建立养老金财富精算模型,从精算中性的视角测算我国9个省份精算因子Φ值和α值,并测算利率变化对精算中性调整系数α值的影响。实证结果表明,在北京、海南、河南和黑龙江,按照目前的养老金给付制度,延迟退休会增加参保人的养老金财富。若改革退休制度、延迟退休年龄,对不同退休年龄参保人养老金待遇的给付标准可以参考α值设定。

“组团式”教育援藏政策执行的制约因素与调适策略

“组团式”教育援藏政策执行是将促进西藏教育内涵式发展的政策目标转化为现实效果的唯一途径。但执行过程出现选择式、替换式和停滞式等执行偏差问题。基于政策执行影响因素分析模型,发现政策问题的复杂性、政策文件的规制能力、政策执行主体的行动和政策环境等因素综合作用于执行过程。因此,明晰政策问题的可处理程度、提升政策文件的规制能力、提高政策执行力、善于利用政策环境的积极因素是推进政策有效执行的基本调适策略。

1990-2019年中国心血管疾病流行现状、疾病负担及发病预测分析

背景心血管疾病是严重危害人类健康的重大慢病,且仍是我国乃至全球一个亟待解决的公共卫生问题。目的探讨1990—2019年中国心血管疾病流行特征和疾病负担情况,预测2020—2050年中国心血管疾病发病情况,为心血管疾病相关防治策略的制订提供参考。方法检索2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019)数据库,提取1990—2019年中国及全球心血管疾病负担及危险因素的相关数据并进行分析,使用基于GBD 2019数据库可公开的发病率、患病率、死亡率以及对应的年龄标准化(简称标化)率来量化心血管疾病的疾病流行情况,使用伤残损失寿命年(YLD)、早死损失寿命年(YLL)、伤残调整寿命年(DALY)量化疾病负担情况,构建ARIMA模型预测2020—2050年中国心血管疾病的发病情况。结果1990—2019年中国心血管疾病的发病率、患病率及死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,其中发病率、患病率及死亡率分别增长了93.75%、99.75%、57.39%。女性的标化发病率、标化患病率均高于男性,标化死亡率低于男性(P<0.05)。从2019年数据上看,中国心血管疾病总体发病率随着年龄升高呈上升趋势,在95岁及以上年龄组达到最高值。男性和女性的发病率趋势与总体趋势相似,但略有差异。总体患病率随着年龄升高呈上升趋势,女性高于男性。在45岁以后心血管疾病的死亡率呈现上升趋势,男性的死亡率在各个年龄段均高于女性。1990—2019年男性YLL率、YLD率、DALY率增长了36.99%、102.42%、40.78%,女性增长了2.79%、107.13%、11.50%。从2019年数据来看,中国总人群心血管疾病的YLL率、YLD率、DALY率总体随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势,尚无拐点出现。男性YLL率、DALY率随人口老龄化进展逐渐升高并远高过女性,女性YLD率在55~59岁年龄组后逐渐升高并远高过男性。1990—2019年,全球心血管疾病的标化发病率、标化患病率及标化死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,而中国的标化发病率和标化患病率仍有所增加,标化死亡率虽有所降低,但仍高于全球范围。从全球整体水平上看,中国心血管疾病的标化YLL率、标化DALY率虽同全球一样呈下降趋势,但2000年以后中国心血管疾病的疾病负担高于全球整体水平,且标化YLD率逐年增加。与心血管疾病死亡相关的危险因素主要是吸烟、吸二手烟、饮酒、体力活动少、高空腹血糖、高收缩压、高BMI、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及肾功能不全。从中国及全球相关数据来看,高收缩压(高血压)依然是造成心血管疾病死亡的首要危险因素,且死亡人数逐年增加。高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(高脂血症)是全球及近年来中国心血管疾病死亡的第二因素。2020—2050年中国心血管疾病标化发病率仍呈上升趋势,预计到2050年心血管疾病的标化发病率将达到663.618/10万。结论1990—2019年我国心血管疾病的发病率、患病率及死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,因心血管疾病导致的疾病负担较重,在未来50年尚无拐点出现,疾病流行及负担情况均高于全球范围。预计到2050年心血管疾病的标化发病率将达到663.618/10万。

框架结构梁柱抗震内力调整研究

框架梁端剪力调整之前,应先计算控制截面内力,后进行梁端弯矩调幅,使结构更加安全。框架结构梁柱抗震内力调整在手算一榀框架计算中是一个难点,且容易出错。为解决这一问题,可根据具体计算实例,归纳出框架梁柱抗震内力调整计算的基本步骤和方法,计算出在框架梁端弯矩正负号判别、弯矩最不利组合、最大剪力设计值确定等位置容易出现错误,并结合实例予以纠正。框架柱的抗震内力调整顺序是先进行“强柱弱梁”的调整,再进行“强剪弱弯”的调整,中柱在进行“强柱弱梁”的内力调整时,因其需要同时考虑节点左右梁端的弯矩,节点上下柱的线刚度,计算量大,采用柱端弯矩增大系数的简化计算方法,简单明了,误差很小,对边柱同样适用。

1990-2019年金砖国家慢性阻塞性肺疾病疾病负担研究

背景作为新兴经济体,金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)疾病负担的显著增加成为其共同面临的卫生挑战。目的本研究旨在了解金砖国家因COPD所致疾病负担现状、既往变化趋势和归因危险因素,为我国评价和制定COPD防控策略、加强金砖国家卫生合作提供依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019),对1990—2019年金砖国家COPD的患病率、死亡率、伤残寿命调整年(DALY)率的变化趋势进行描述,使用Joinpoint软件计算其年度变化百分比(APC)与平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),运用人群归因危险百分比(PAF)估计不同危险因素导致COPD疾病负担的比例。结果2019年金砖国家疾病负担均随年龄增长呈上升趋势,在45岁以上增长迅速且存在一定性别差异;1990—2019年金砖国家COPD患病率均呈上升趋势,除印度外其他金砖国家的死亡率和DALY率均观察到下降趋势;金砖国家标化患病率、标化死亡率和标化DALY率的AAPC均呈下降趋势,中国下降幅度最大,AAPC分别为-1.14%、-4.22%和-4.17%(P<0.05);烟草使用是巴西、俄罗斯、中国和南非COPD疾病负担的首位危险因素,PAF均超过50%,而印度的首位危险因素为空气污染。结论金砖国家COPD疾病负担依然沉重,且不同国家内部存在差异;金砖国家COPD防治行动取得积极成果,但总体改善程度不及亚太高收入国家;中国COPD疾病负担总量下降趋势明显,但防控形势依旧严峻;金砖国家应更加关注中老年群体的COPD防治,同时持续关注因烟草使用和环境污染等引起的健康效应问题。

基于偏振复用调制的周期性光学任意波形生成方案

针对复杂波形生成的需求,提出了一种基于偏振复用调制的周期性光学任意波形信号生成方案。通过精心调控正交相移键控(QPSK)调制器的调制指数、射频偏移及偏置相移等关键参数,使得2个正交偏振态上的调制器能够分别输出傅里叶级数中的正弦和余弦谐波叠加形式的光强。当这些光强合束后,就能得到幅度和相位均可精确控制的函数波形,而且还具备可调谐函数波形信号输出的特性。仿真结果表明:当均方根误差小于等于0.05时,该方案可生成对称因子可调(20%~80%)斜坡波、占空比可调(30%~100%)三角波和半占空比可调(20%~80%)斜坡波3种典型波形,验证了该方案的可行性。

去除推荐场景多混淆因子的因果去偏方法

如何去除推荐场景中存在的偏差问题,是推荐系统提升效果的重大挑战。现有的推荐模型只是拟合数据,基于相关性去除偏差会受到虚假相关性的影响;基于因果关系去除偏差则由于场景复杂很难抽取更加全面的因果关系。因此,尽可能多地考虑各因素之间的因果关系并去除偏差问题很有必要。该文从因果角度对用户行为在物品分类的分布不平衡和物品类别流行度两个混淆因子在推荐流程中的因果关系进行研究,提出考虑多因素的去混淆方法,有效去除推荐中的偏差问题。首先,分析各变量之间的因果关系并构建因果图;其次,使用前门调整和后门调整去除两个混淆因子造成的虚假相关性以及偏差;最后,将该方法应用在神经网络因子分解机上,在两个公开数据集上进行了实验并验证。从仿真实验结果可知,该方法相比于目前的最优方法都有不同程度的提升。

1990至2019年海南省肝癌疾病负担变化趋势及其危险因素分析

目的:分析海南省1990至2019年肝癌疾病负担的变化趋势及其危险因素归因情况。方法:根据2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)研究的海南省数据,利用Joinpoint回归模型分析1990至2019年海南省肝癌发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)的变化趋势,平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)用于描述年平均变化趋势,年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)用于描述不同阶段时间变化趋势,归因DALY率用于描述危险因素归因情况。结果:1990至2019年海南省肝癌年龄标化发病率、年龄标化死亡率及年龄标化DALY率均呈下降趋势,分别下降了59.30%、61.21%和64.03%(P<0.001)。1990至2019年海南省40岁以下人群肝癌的年龄标化DALY率均较低,1990年的年龄标化DALY率的峰值出现在55~59岁年龄组,2019年后移至75~79岁年龄组。在1990至2019年期间,吸烟一直是海南省肝癌归因DALY率的主要危险因素,而在2019年,高BMI已经超越了药物使用因素,成为肝癌疾病负担的第三大危险因素。结论:海南省肝癌疾病负担总体呈下降趋势,峰值年龄段后移,吸烟、饮酒和高BMI仍是主要危险因素,应继续加强肝癌的早诊早治及危险因素干预等防控工作。

1990—2021年我国慢性肾脏病疾病负担及其危险因素分析

目的研究1990—2021年我国慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)疾病负担的现状与趋势,为制定CKD防控政策提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担研究,采用发病、死亡和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)指标对比分析我国CKD及其亚型疾病负担现状,并采用年估计变化百分比(estimated annual percentage changes,EAPC)评估疾病负担的时间趋势。结果2021年我国CKD年龄标化发病率为163.74/10万,年龄标化死亡率为10.84/10万,年龄标化DALY率为315.33/10万。1990—2021年CKD年龄标化发病率呈上升趋势[EAPC=0.52%,95%CI(0.44,0.59)],年龄标化死亡率[EAPC=-0.90%,95%CI(-0.98,-0.81)]和年龄标化DALY率[EAPC=-1.25%,95%CI(-1.35,-1.16)]总体均呈现下降趋势。CKD疾病负担呈现明显的性别、年龄特征,其中女性发病率高于男性,而死亡率和DALY率低于男性,CKD疾病负担随年龄呈上升趋势,60岁以上人群具有较高的疾病负担。CKD疾病负担主要来源于2型糖尿病肾病和高血压肾病,高血糖、高BMI和高血压是其主要的危险因素。结论我国CKD疾病负担较重,并且在不同年龄段和性别中存在显著差异。因此,有必要进一步优化和实施三级防控策略,从关键人群和主要危险因素着手,以有效降低我国CKD的整体疾病负担。