Analysis of working behavior of Jinping-I Arch Dam during initial impoundment

To study the stress, deformation, and seepage pressure during the initial impoundment of the Jinping-I Arch Dam, monitoring analysis and numerical calculation were used in a dam behavior analysis that focused on the working behavior of the dam during the late period of the initial impoundment up to the end of November 2014. The numerical calculation was performed based on feedback analysis of the deformation and stress of the arch dam through inversion of the elastic moduli(E) of the dam body and foundation, using a three-dimensional finite element model for the linear elastic material of the arch dam. The main monitoring indices presented insignificant changes in the late period of the initial impoundment, and the results of feedback analysis were consistent with monitoring results. Analysis results also show that the deformations of the dam body and dam foundation were within the design range; the dam stress distributions were normal, with values lower than the design control criteria; and the seepage flows through the dam body and dam foundation were lower than the design drainage capacity of the deep-well pump house, demonstrating that the Jinping-I Arch Dam was in good working condition, and the initial impoundment had been successfully completed. The results of the working behavior analysis of the Jinping-I hydropower project during the initial impoundment can provide references for safe operation of similar projects.

The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement on Healthcare Professionals’ Proactive Behavior

Job crafting (JC) is a form of proactive behavior and refers to the initiatives employees that could take to change their tasks or other job characteristics to achieve the best person-job fit. JC consists of six dimensions: seeking structural and social job resources, as well as challenges, hindering job demands, optimizing job demands, and delegating tasks. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of self-efficacy and work engagement on healthcare professionals’ (HP) proactive behavior. A convenience sample of 295 HP working in Primary and Secondary healthcare structures of Northern Greece completed a questionnaire that included: 1) demographic/occupational characteristics, 2) the Job Crafting Scale, 3) the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and 4) the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Increased age was found to be associated with decreased levels of seeking social job resources (p < 0.01). Education level was positively associated with increased levels of seeking structural job resources (p < 0.01), seeking challenges (p < 0.05), and optimizing job demands (p < 0.05), while job position was found to be negatively related to delegating tasks (p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was positively associated with increased levels of seeking structural resources (p < 0.001), challenges (p < 0.001), and increased levels of optimizing job demands (p < 0.001), while it was positively associated with decreased levels of delegating tasks (p < 0.05). In addition, increased work engagement was found to be associated with increased levels of seeking social job resources (p < 0.05), challenges (p < 0.01), and optimizing job demands (p < 0.01). Findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy, work engagement and individual characteristics in the realization of a resourceful work environment and HP’ adjustment in the organization. Thus, interventions that promote HP’ JC proactive behaviors should be encouraged.

Thermal Behaviors of Work Roll in Finishing Trains of Hot Rolling

In order to analyze the thermal field and thermal contour of work roll in finishing trains of hot rolling in rolling process, a quasi two-dimension implicit finite difference model is developed. To improve the calculating speed and precision, some special solutions are introduced, including the development of this model, the simplification of boundary conditions and the computation of heat transfer coefficients. The results show that these solutions of thermal behaviors of work roll are very much efficient and the model can be used as an on-line profile and fatness control model of large industrial mills.

Investigating the relationships between facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR.

Mechanical behaviors of coal measures and ground control technologies for China's deep coal mines-A review

This paper reviews the major achievements in terms of mechanical behaviors of coal measures,mining stress distribution characteristics and ground control in China’s deep underground coal mining.The three main aspects of this review are coal measure mechanics,mining disturbance mechanics,and rock support mechanics.Previous studies related to these three topics are reviewed,including the geo-mechanical properties of coal measures,distribution and evolution characteristics of mining-induced stresses,evolution characteristics of mining-induced structures,and principles and technologies of ground control in both deep roadways and longwall faces.A discussion is made to explain the structural and mechanical properties of coal measures in China’s deep coal mining practices,the types and dis-tribution characteristics of in situ stresses in underground coal mines,and the distribution of mining-induced stress that forms under different geological and engineering conditions.The theory of pre-tensioned rock bolting has been proved to be suitable for ground control of deep underground coal roadways.The use of combined ground control technology(e.g.ground support,rock mass modification,and destressing)has been demonstrated to be an effective measure for rock control of deep roadways.The developed hydraulic shields for 1000 m deep ultra-long working face can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rocks and mining efficiency in the longwall face.The ground control challenges in deep underground coal mines in China are discussed,and further research is recommended in terms of theory and technology for ground control in deep roadways and longwall faces.

Relationship among Eating Behavior, Effortful Control, and Working Memory in Female Young Adults

The management of eating behavior plays an important role in health maintenance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between eating behavior and effortful control in female young adults. Participants completed the questionnaire measures of effortful control and eating behaviors and Stroop cognitive interference task. The results showed that restrained eating was positively correlated with activation control;emotional eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory control and attentional control;external eating was negatively correlated with inhibitory, activation, and attentional control. The scores for activation control and restrained eating were higher for participants with a low Stroop error rate than for those with a high Stroop error rate. These results indicate that restrained eating has a different association with effortful control than doing emotional and external eating.

The Kinematic Team Role Behavior in Work Team

Work-team has emerged as an important unit composi ng the organization today. The concepts relating to the properties of team-role t hat fit with today’s business environment have attracted much attention from the theorists and researchers. A team having a balanced composition of team-ro les is called a balanced team. Theoretically, a balanced team usually renders a better team performance. Therefore, to improve the performance of the team, mana gement needs to ensure that their work teams are composed of appropriate team me mbers with complementary skills, playing different roles, together forming a bal anced team. However, in certain situation, a balanced team can hardly be formed. For example , companies in Hong Kong are mostly the small-to-medium sized enterprises. The number of team-members is usually smaller than the required number for formula ting a balanced team. Also, as team members are required to travel often across borders, stable team can hardly be maintained. To resolve this problem, a different paradigm of team-role prevails here. Team -members autonomously supplant the roles of those missing members. We call this phenomenon the kinetic team role behavior. By using the methodology adopted from psychotherapy study, we propose a way to investigate this interesting and important characteristics of team-role.

Elucidating the evolution of long-period stacking ordered phase and its effect on deformation behavior in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr alloy

Herein,the evolution of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%)alloy are investigated via transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The TEM results reveal that two types of LPSO phase(a bulky interdendritic phase and a plate-like matrix LPSO phase)are formed in the as-cast sample.Most of the LPSO phases are confirmed to be of the 14H type,with a smaller proportion being of the 18R LPSO.Further,the APT results reveal that the composition of the interdendritic LPSO phase is closer to that of the ideal 14H phase compared to the matrix LPSO phase,and both the interdendritic and matrix LPSO phases exhibit a Gd/Zn ratio of 2.5,thereby indicating a deficient Zn content compared to the ideal 14H phase(i.e.,1.3).In addition,the influence of the LPSO phases on the deformation behavior is investigated at different compressive plastic strains using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis to reveal twinning and slip behavior during deformation.The results indicate that the LPSO phase induces additional work hardening in the late stage of deformation via the suppression of{1011}compressive twinning and the activation of non-basal slip systems.

The Role of Trait Activation Theory in Occupational Behavior:A Systematic Review

The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personality traits are more likely to predict work success?Which characteristics should businesses prioritize throughout the recruiting and selection processes?According to the Trait Activation Theory,what is the significance of motivation in the workplace and how can employers find employees who can be more productive,efficient,and involved in the organization’s goals?A systematic review of past recent research was used to answer the questions raised above.Following the gathering and examination of multiple recent publications on the issue,it was determined that the use of this model had a favorable impact on individual and group performance,working relationships,manager job performance,and workplace creativity.

高绩效工作系统如何影响员工创新行为--组织认同与服务型领导的作用

积极促进员工创新行为对企业发展具有重要意义,高绩效工作系统是影响员工创新行为的重要前因变量,但现有文献对其影响机理的研究尚显不足。基于社会交换理论与社会认同理论,运用多层线性模型探究了组织认同在高绩效工作系统与员工创新行为之间的中介作用以及服务型领导的调节作用。研究结果表明,高绩效工作系统对员工创新行为具有显著正向影响,组织认同在高绩效工作系统与员工创新行为之间发挥部分中介作用,服务型领导在高绩效工作系统与员工创新行为之间发挥正向调节作用,服务型领导在高绩效工作系统与组织认同之间也发挥正向调节作用,服务型领导正向调节组织认同在高绩效工作系统与员工创新行为之间的中介效应,即服务型领导水平越高,中介效应越显著。

时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制研究

基于压力认知评价理论和调节焦点理论,通过对404个二阶段问卷样本的实证分析,探析时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制。研究结果表明:时间压力通过促进型调节焦点负向影响工作退缩行为,通过防御型调节焦点正向影响工作退缩行为;员工感知的过度工作氛围在时间压力与员工防御型调节焦点之间起负向调节作用,并进一步调节了防御型调节焦点的中介作用;触发工作退缩行为的前因构型包括:低收入×防御型调节焦点、时间压力×防御型调节焦点和低收入×低过度工作氛围×时间压力。

差错管理文化对新生代员工创新性前摄行为的影响--基于三项交互的调节效应模型

采用社会认知理论与主动动机模型,基于“环境—认知—行为”分析框架,引入工作繁荣因素,探讨差错管理文化与新生代员工创新性前摄行为间的内在作用机理,并结合任务复杂性和促进型调节焦点,构建三者交互模型,揭示差错管理文化影响新生代员工创新性前摄行为的边界条件。通过对766名新生代员工数据的实证分析,研究结果表明:工作繁荣部分中介差错管理文化与新生代员工创新性前摄行为间的正相关关系;当工作任务具有较高复杂性并且员工具有促进型调节焦点特质时,差错管理文化通过工作繁荣对新生代员工创新性前摄行为的正向影响最显著,差错管理文化、任务复杂性与促进型调节焦点三者间的交互作用显著。

过劳氛围、过度劳动与高校教师创新行为的研究

本研究基于现阶段“大众创业、万众创新”的新时代发展情境,以及近些年来高校教师“过劳死”事件频发状况,以高校教师为研究对象,通过相关文献梳理,结合资源保存理论和自我损耗理论,利用927份全国高校教师的调研数据,深入探讨过劳氛围对高校教师创新行为的影响机理,利用结构方程模型预测过劳氛围和过度劳动对高校教师创新行为的作用,并从人才制度政策、学校环境氛围、高校教师个体、家庭环境支持四个层面提出对策建议。

铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为作用机理研究

铁路动车组司机是确保铁路行车安全的关键岗位,其工作压力极易造成不安全行为,从而引发铁路安全事故。为剖析铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为的作用机理,提高铁路动车组司机不安全行为管理措施的科学性,基于文献分析与理论研究,引入情绪耗竭、心理脱离作为工作压力对不安全行为作用的中介变量,引入组织支持感作为调节变量,构建铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为作用机理概念模型,借鉴成熟量表和专家咨询意见,针对5个变量形成22项测量题项,对铁路动车组司机开展问卷调研,通过实证研究探讨了铁路动车组司机工作压力对不安全行为的作用路径。研究结果表明:铁路动车组司机工作压力正向影响不安全行为、情绪耗竭,负向影响心理脱离,还可通过情绪耗竭、心理脱离中介作用于不安全行为,且工作压力对不安全行为的直接效应大于中介效应;心理脱离负向影响不安全行为和情绪耗竭,情绪耗竭正向影响不安全行为;组织支持感可削弱工作压力与不安全行为的直接关系,也可削弱工作压力与情绪耗竭的直接关系,对工作压力与不安全行为的调节作用更显著。研究成果为制定铁路动车组司机不安全行为干预策略、降低铁路人因安全事故发生率和提高铁路运输安全管理水平具有借鉴意义。

不合规任务对酒店员工退缩行为的影响机制:一个被调节的链式中介模型

不合规任务在酒店企业中的普遍性,以及对员工的消极影响已得到初步验证。然而,现有研究大多探讨不合规任务对酒店员工绩效表现的影响,缺乏对员工消极工作行为及其整合性作用机制的关注。本研究基于资源保存理论和认知-情感人格系统理论,通过411份酒店一线员工4个时点的有效问卷数据,构建了不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的链式中介模型,并探讨了员工学习目标导向的多路径调节作用。结果表明:不合规任务对工作退缩行为存在正向影响;工作意义感与和谐型激情在不合规任务与工作退缩行为之间起链式中介作用;学习目标导向分别削弱了不合规任务对工作意义感的负向影响,以及不合规任务对和谐型激情的负向影响,进而负向调节整个链式中介作用。研究结果揭示了不合规任务对酒店员工消极行为的多路径作用机制及其边界条件,对酒店等旅游企业应对不合规任务的负面影响具有指导意义。

计划行为理论视角下中青年结直肠癌幸存者重返工作障碍的质性研究

目的基于计划行为理论(TPB)探究中青年结直肠癌(CRC)幸存者重返工作的障碍因素,旨在为该人群重返工作支持方案的制订提供参考依据。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2023年3—5月重庆医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科CRC术后患者作为研究对象。根据TPB拟定访谈提纲,对16名中青年CRC幸存者进行半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步法进行资料分析。结果提炼出中青年CRC幸存者重返工作的障碍因素,包括3种类别和10个主题:行为态度(认知偏差、负面情绪、患者角色强化);主观规范(家庭支持不足、社会包容欠佳、负面事件影响);知觉行为控制(身体状态欠佳、认知功能障碍、返岗知识缺乏、自护能力不足)。结论医务人员应帮助中青年CRC幸存者纠正对重返工作的错误认知,疏导其负面情绪,同时相关部门应整合多方资源,强化社会支持,并开展职业康复指导,以促进CRC幸存者顺利重返工作,实现社会功能的整体康复。

不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的影响

基于情感事件理论,构建并检验被调节的中介模型,探讨不合规任务对员工工作退缩行为的影响机制。采用不合规任务量表、消极情感量表、集体主义取向量表、工作退缩行为量表对486名来自全国多个地区的员工进行匿名调查。研究结果表明:(1)不合规任务对工作退缩行为具有正向影响;(2)消极情感在不合规任务和工作退缩行为间具有部分中介作用;(3)集体主义取向对不合规任务与消极情感的关系以及对不合规任务通过消极情感影响员工工作退缩行为的间接效应均具有负向调节作用。以上结论为领导者干预不合规任务给员工带来的消极影响提供了启示:一是完善人岗匹配制度,优化人力资源配置;二是重视管理员工情绪,制定员工心理辅导计划;三是营造集体主义文化氛围,强化员工对组织的认同感。

顾客授权行为对员工工作重塑的影响:有调节的中介模型

基于自我决定理论,通过373位员工多时点追踪样本探讨顾客授权行为对员工工作重塑的影响及其机制和作用边界,结果表明:顾客授权行为正向影响员工工作重塑,角色宽度自我效能感在这一过程中起正向调节作用;和谐式工作激情在顾客授权行为和工作重塑之间起部分中介作用;角色宽度自我效能感不仅强化了顾客授权行为与和谐式工作激情的正向关系,还进一步强化顾客授权行为通过和谐式工作激情影响员工工作重塑的间接效应。

晶体取向对铝单晶的高温流变行为影响

采用Cube、Copper、S三种取向铝单晶(ASCs)在25~300℃、0.001~10 s-1条件下进行热模拟等温单轴压缩实验,获得三种取向ASCs在不同高温变形条件下的真应力-真应变曲线,建立其应变补偿高温变形本构方程以及热加工图。结果表明:不同晶体取向的ASCs的动态再结晶(DRX)程度存在显著差异,三种取向ASCs的DRX难度为:Cube>Copper>S。ASCs在等温单轴压缩过程中的流变应力随应变速率的减小与变形温度的升高而降低,各取向的最高流变应力水平为:Copper>S>Cube。各取向ASCs在变形过程中的微观组织演化耗能存在差异,其功率耗散率数值的大小顺序为:Cube>Copper>S。