Countermeasures for Treatment in Water Environment of Nanfeihe River

According to current situation of the severe water pollution and bad water environment of Nanfeihe River catchment, the major environment problems were id- entified based on the investigation and analysis of the general situation of the catch- ment, the present situation of water quality and water volume composition, corre- sponding countermeasures were put forward to provide a reliable theoretical support for controlling pollution in water environment of Nanfeihe River.

Revision of Water Function Division and Countermeasures for Water Resources Protection in Jiangjin District of Chongqing City in China

According to the current situation and development planning of water resources in Jiangjin District of Three Gorge Reservoir Area at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,by combining with social needs,through the survey on pollution source and analysis of water quality,based on the Report of Water Function Division of Jiangjin District(2005) ,the adjustment and revision have been conducted on water function divisions,and corresponding protection targets and countermeasures for water resources have been proposed,so that the water function division can comply with the development situation of Jiangjin District,providing a reliable reference for the protection and reasonable utilization of water resources,enhancing the unified and effective supervision of water resources,promoting the sustainable use of water resources in Jiangjin District,and ensuring the sustainable development of regional society and environment.

PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF WATER RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION IN CHINA

According to the theory of sustainable development,the current situation and existent problems of the expl oita-tion of water resources were analyze d in this paper.The results show that the contradiction between supply an d demand of water resources is continually aggravating,water pollution is incre asingly serious,water environment is worse,the over-extraction area of the underground water is expanding and water crisis stands out gradually,so it is imp erative under the situation to actualize the susta inable exploitation strategies of water resources.It is necessary for s ustainable utilizing water resources to introduce the mod el of sustainable utilization of water resources-the model of wealth transferring be-tween the generations of water resou rces,establish water-saving socie ty system and water market,form tech nology sys-tems,management systems and evaluation systems for many sorts of water r esources,improve the utilization r atio of water resources,transform waste water in to resources and maintain and restore the water space of water environmen t.

Countermeasures and Suggestions for Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Xinjiang

Water resources utilization degree and utilization pattern in a region largely determine the scale and speed of economic development in the region.The bottleneck of water resources has become one of the prominent problems affecting sustainable development and long-term stability in Xinjiang.Strengthening the rational development and utilization of water resources is the only way to ensure the survival of Xinjiang oasis,stabilize the development space of Xinjiang,and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society.According to the water resources in Xinjiang,it is found that Xinjiang has abundant water resources,high per capita occupancy volume,uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,and increasing water consumption per year.A series of corresponding effective measures have been given to provide reference for the strategy of water resources development and utilization.

Surface Water Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta:Patterns and Countermeasures

On the basis of field investigations, observations andexperimental data combined with environmental monitoring information,the status and the spatial and temporal patterns of surface waterpollution over the past ten years in the Yangtze River Delta havebeen assessed. The water quality of large rivers is still very goodbut most of the medium-sized and small rivers have been veryseriously polluted. The appearance of black and odorous conditions inrivers in the urban areas has increased due to serious pollution byorganic matter with consequent high oxygen demand. Annual increasesin N and P concentrations in lakes have accelerated eutrophication.The water quality of river sin small towns is rapidly deteriorating.The main sources of surface water pollution include industrial anddomestic sewage, animal manures, chemical fertilizers in farmland,and polluted sediments in rivers and lakes.

The Influence and the Countermeasures about Water Resources in Northwest of Climate Change

[Objective] The aim was to study the influences and countermeasures of climate changes on the water resources in northwest.[Method] The influences of climate changes on water resources in northwest part were discussed.Considering to the demand of water,corresponding countermeasures were proposed.[Result] Though there were distinct regional differences about the influences of climate changes on water resources in northwest part,the positive influences were larger than negative influences in general;because of large destruction of social factors,the positive effects of climate changes on water resources still can not solve the water shortage problem.In response,influences of climate changes on water resources shall be focused now and then.People’s awareness of saving water shall be improved.Hydraulic project shall be carried out.Suitable agricultural technology shall be applied to establish more sound laws and regulations.The ecological environment of northwest shall be improved and the development of the west part shall be promoted.[Conclusion] The study provided scientific basis for the construction of ecological environment and economic social development in the northwest.

Effects of Rainfall on Water Quality of Aquaculture along the Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province and Countermeasures

[Objective] The study aimed to decrease the effects of rainfall on water quality of aquaculture along the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province and improve the yield and quality of aquatic products.[Method] We firstly designed the methods to calculate average pH of different rainfalls,total precipitation,as well as the changes of pH and salinity in the studied pond and coastal culture zone,then analyzed the dynamic variation of precipitation,pH and salinity caused by rainfall to discuss the effects of rainfall on water quality of aquaculture along the coastal areas of Jiangsu through quantitative and qualitative analysis,finally put forward some productive countermeasures to improve water quality of aquaculture.[Result] Acid rain occurred frequently in Jiangsu Province,and pH of pond water was reduced obviously during each heavy rain,while rainfall also had certain effects on water quality of the coastal culture zone.Meanwhile,there was no distinct influence on salinity.We can improve water quality of aquaculture through scientific management.[Conclusion] Scientifically choosing culture zones,timely control water level of ponds,reasonably arranging the amount and time of flood discharge,changing culture mode,etc.are effective measures to improve water quality of aquaculture,so as to minimize the impacts of rainfall on water quality of aquaculture along coastal areas and realize high and stable yield of aquatic products.

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Antibiotic Pollu-tion in the Surface Water of the Yangtze River Basin in a Province of Central China

Antibiotics are widely used in the process of human medical treatment,livestock and poultry breeding,and aquaculture.With the excretion of urine and feces,they enter the water environment of human life and become an important source of water environment pollution.Antibiotic residues in the environment have high ecological and health risks.Through the pilot monitoring of antibiotics in the main stream of the Yangtze River,Chaohu Lake and the drinking water source of Hefei City,the current situation and impact of antibiotic pollution were analyzed.The results show that 32 kinds of antibiotics and their derivatives of the six major categories involved were detected to varying degrees,and the concentrations at some points reached 1.26μg/L.Finally,the prevention and control of antibiotic pollution in the surface water of the Yangtze River basin in a province of central China were summarized,and relevant suggestions were given.

Type of major water hazards and study of countermeasures in Shennan Mining Area

By analysing the hydrogeological conditions of this region and the coal mines hereof, together with the water hazards troubled Shennan mine area in recent years, this paper summarized six types of mine water hazards. As per the basic characteristics, geological distribution, threat degree and difficulty of prevention of various water hazards, along with the practice of water prevention in the mining area, this article proposed effective technical measures for the prevention and control of different water hazards and laid a solid foundation for the safe production in the mining area.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Developing Irrigation and Water Conservancy in New Era

This paper expounds the great significance of irrigation and water conservancy for the agricultural development. Vigorously developing irrigation and water conservancy can promote high yield and stable yield of grain, effectively increase farmers' income, alleviate the impact of drought on agricultural production, be conducive to the adjustment of agricultural production structure, and promote county economic development. The difficulties of developing irrigation and water conservancy in new era are analyzed as follows: the subject of liabilities defaults seriously; it lacks effective input security system; the quality of project degenerates badly; the agricultural technological development is slow. Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows: make the input subject of irrigation and water conservancy clear; form stable investment channels; strengthen the organizing and guiding functions of grass-roots government; reinforce the coordination and management of capital; strengthen the promotion of agricultural technology; quicken the pace of reform of irrigation and water conservancy.

Development and Utilization of Water Resources and Countermeasures:A Case Study of Yuan'an County of Yichang City in Hubei Province

[Objective] To study current development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County and countermeasures. [Method] On the basis of analyzing basic characteristics of water resources in Yuan'an County as well as its current development and utilization, problems in the development and utilization of water resources in the study area were pointed out, and feasible countermeasures were proposed correspondingly. [Result] The county is endowed with rich water resources, but the overall use efficiency is low. There are many problems in the development and utilization of local water resources, such as pollution of water source, water and soil loss and so on. [Conclusion] In view of the problems, feasible suggestions were given to provide scientific support for the reasonable development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County.

Analysis of Water Pollution Causes and Control Countermeasures in Liaohe Estuary via Support Vector Machine Particle Swarm Optimization under Deep Learning

This study explores the loss or degradation of the ecosystem and its service function in the Liaohe estuary coastal zone due to the deterioration ofwater quality.Aprediction systembased on support vectormachine(SVM)-particle swarm optimization(PSO)(SVM-PSO)algorithm is proposed under the background of deep learning.SVM-PSO algorithm is employed to analyze the pollution status of the Liaohe estuary,so is the difference in water pollution of different sea consuming types.Based on the analysis results for causes of pollution,the control countermeasures of water pollution in Liaohe estuary are put forward.The results suggest that the water pollution index prediction model based on SVM-PSO algorithm shows the maximum error of 2.41%,the average error of 1.24%in predicting the samples,the root mean square error(RMSE)of 5.36×10^(−4),and the square of correlation coefficient of 0.91.Therefore,the prediction system in this study is feasible.At present,the water pollution status of Liaohe estuary is of moderate and severe levels of eutrophication,and the water pollution status basically remains at the level of mild pollution.The general trend is fromphosphorus moderate restricted eutrophication to phosphorus restricted potential eutrophication.To sumup,the SVM-PSO algorithm shows good sewage prediction ability,which can be applied and promoted in water pollution control and has reliable reference significance.

Study on Water Pollution Control of Huaihe River and Countermeasures

Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.

Research on Water-Filling Patterns and Countermeasures──A case study of Xiaotun Coal Mine

There are many water-filling factors in Xiaotun Coal Mine, such as effective precipitation, goaf water, mining-induced fissure zone, surface water system, aquifers and tectonics. For different mining levels, the relative importance of these factors is different, and the water-filling condition is changed accordingly. So it is urgent to make it clear for mining. To ensure the safety of mining, we build a system of preventing mine water-filling using detailed AHP (analytical hierarchy process) calculation. This system is based on the analysis of mine water-filling factors in order to define the relative importance of the factors. Decision-makers use it as a strong scientific basis for Xiaotun Coal Mine.The method offered in this paper has been proved to be very applicable.

围岩裂隙水对瓦斯抽放效果影响及对策

围岩裂隙水通过钻孔进入抽采管路,对抽采效果造成影响。为解决该问题,通过对底板抽放巷围岩裂隙水的涌水量和出水点的分析,采取放水钻孔及钻孔工艺减少钻孔水量;针对管路积水不断优化放水器,有效解决了抽放管路积水问题。提高了抽采效果,为工作面的抽采达标发挥了积极作用,同时为发电机组提供更加稳定的气源,增加了矿井发电量实现经济效益。

Legislation on protection of drinking water sources and local management practices in the Pearl River Delta region of China

The protection of drinking water sources is vital to urban development and public health.In this study,the current situation of the mandatory protection area for drinking water source in the Pearl River Delta region was investigated using a method combining Google Earth with the field survey.The gaps between management practices and legislation requirements were analyzed.Finally,several countermeasures for water resource protection were proposed as follows:to promote delineation in a more scientific way,to safeguard the sanctity of the law,to make better plan on water saving,and to encourage public participation in supervision and management.

Technology and Practice of Stabiliing Oil Production and Controlling Water Cut in Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia

In this paper, by in-depth geological research of Kalamkas Oilfield in Central Asia, the geological body has been re-ascertained; combined with fine study of reservoir engineering, based on the understanding of the distribution of remaining oil horizontal wells have been given full play to stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut, reducing the producing pressure drop, improving well productivity and other advantages, and the development and deployment has been optimized; horizontal wells have been applied to solve problems such as old well casing damages, shutting down wells, low-productivity and low- efficiency wells, and high water cut wells to improve the utilization rate of old wells; through separate layer system improved injection production pattern, adjustment wells have been optimized and deployed, and part measures wells have been preferably selected to tap the residual oil improve the degree of reserves control realize the stabilization of oil production and control of water cut in an old oilfield, and further improve the development effects.

PROBLEMS OF THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AND COUNTERMEASURES IN RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is the rapid economic development region in China since the opening and reform door policy was carried out in 1978. Being the rapid development of industry and city, the impact on the aquatic environmental quality was sig