基于声学FEM-BEM的户内变电站噪声场计算

准确计算户内变电站大型、复杂的噪声场分布,进而评价可采用降噪措施的减噪效果,是解决户内变电站噪声污染的关键问题。为此,综合声学有限元法(finite element method,FEM)求解复杂声场收敛性好及精度高的优点,及声学边界元法(boundary element method,BEM)降维求解大型声场的优势,提出了一种基于声学FEM-BEM的户内变电站噪声场求解算法。首先,建立变电站内部声源声固耦合模型,采用声学FEM求解混响噪声作用下的声固耦合响应;然后,基于声学FEM-BEM耦合理论,求解内、外耦合边界处结构单元受声固耦合激励产生的位移及应力载荷;最后,根据声压及应力载荷激发的外场声波扩散模型,基于常规Gauss数值积分法,建立外部空间声域2维BEM声学积分方程,求解外部声场。该算法在湖南某110 kV户内变电站噪声场的求解分析中得到了成功应用,与实测值的相对误差为3.61%~4.87%。

饱和地基水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的BEM-FEM耦合分析

人工振动污染是当前城市发展过程中面临的一个难题,单排或多排桩是人工振动污染防治的一种重要方式。传统基桩施工容易造成泥浆污染、振动等各种负面环境问题,而水泥土复合桩是一种低振动、低噪声、无挤土、少排泥浆的新型基桩,特别适合在城区构建排桩屏障。针对饱和地基中单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振问题,建立了动力机器基础环境振动影响的半解析BEM方程;在此基础上,分别采用半解析BEM对饱和地基、FEM对水泥土复合桩进行建模,根据饱和地基-水泥土桩接触面的平衡和相容条件,建立了水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的半解析BEM-FEM耦合方程,给出了耦合方程稀疏矩阵的存储策略,并对单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振效果进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:单排水泥土复合桩能够有效地对动力机器基础引起环境振动进行隔振;等长芯桩复合桩的隔振效果要优于短芯桩。单排水泥土复合桩的隔振效果随着桩数的增加而逐渐提高;较小桩间距并不一定取得更好的隔振效果,建议相邻桩桩间净距取2.0~2.5λ_(R)(Rayleigh波波长)。随着单排水泥土复合桩距振源距离的增加,屏障隔振效果逐渐降低,但降低幅度相对较小。此外,对水泥土复合桩而言,当内插预制桩的外轮廓尺寸相同时,预制芯桩型式对水泥土复合桩隔振效果影响相对较小,可根据实际工程条件选择合适的芯桩类型。

Coupling of RANS and BEM Solvers for Simulation of Propeller Behind the Hull in Full Appended Model

To design a propeller for ship power plant,the interaction between ship hull and propeller must be taken into account.The main concern is to apply the wake effect of ship stern on the propeller performance.In this paper,a coupled BEM(Boundary Element Method)/RANS(Renolds-Averaged Navier−Stokes)solver is used to simulate propeller behind the hull in the self-propulsion test.The motivation of this work is to develop a practical tool to design marine propulsion system without suffering long computational time.An unsteady boundary element method which is also known as panel method is chosen to estimate the propeller forces.Propeller wakes are treated using a time marching wake alignment method.Also,a RANS code coupled with VoF equation is developed to consider the ship motions and wake field effects in the problem.A coupling algorithm is developed to interchange ship wake field to the potential flow solver and propeller thrust to the RANS code.Based on the difference between hull resistance and the propeller thrust,a PI controller is developed to compute the propeller RPM in every time step.Verification of the solver is carried out using the towing tank test report of a 50 m oceanography research vessel.Wake factor and trust deduction coefficient are estimated numerically.Also,the wake rollup pattern of the propeller in open water is compared with the propeller in real wake field.

Coupled BEM-FEM Analysis of the Large-Diameter Cylinder Structure System

A method of coupled BEM-FEM analysis for the elastic spatial structure system is presented. It can be applied to the calculation of the stress and deformation of the large-diamater cylinder structure system and it is suitable for symmetric or non-symmetric structures under the distributed or concentrated load. Numerical examples show that the proposed method and computer program BEFEM are quite efficient in the analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure problems in ocean engineering.

饱和地基中波阻板远场被动隔振的二维BEM-FEM耦合分析

国际上已把振动污染列入“七大环境公害”之一,而波阻板(wave impedance block,简称“WIB”)是低频环境振动污染防治的一种常用手段。针对饱和地基中建(构)筑物下方设置波阻板的远场被动隔振问题,分别采用饱和土半解析BEM对饱和地基和FEM对波阻板进行建模,最终建立了波阻板对入射Rayleigh波隔振的半解析BEM-FEM耦合方程,采用该方法计算分析了波阻板的远场被动隔振效果,并初步探讨了组合式波阻板(由多种材料组成的波阻板)的隔振效果。研究结果表明:在建(构)筑物下方一定深度设置波阻板能够有效降低波阻板上方地表的振动;地表屏蔽区域范围与波阻板设置范围基本吻合。减小波阻板埋深和增大波阻板厚度均能取得更好的隔振效果,而波阻板宽度对隔振效果基本无影响;实际工程设计时,建议波阻板埋深取0.2~0.4λR(λR为Rayleigh波波长)和厚度取0.2~0.3λR,宽度则根据被保护建筑尺寸确定。波阻板材料剪切模量对隔振效果影响较大,增加波阻板材料剪切模量是提高波阻板被动隔振效果最为有效的措施之一。此外,当波阻板由竖向多层材料组成时,建议采用上软下硬方式构建波阻板;当波阻板由多种材料水平分区组成时,地表隔振效果与其下方对应分区的材料性质相对应,可根据实际工程振动控制要求的不同构建多种材料分区的组合式波阻板。

基于DEM-FEM耦合方法的碎屑流对桥墩最大冲击力的影响因素研究

碎屑流是我国山区最危险的地质灾害之一,山区桥墩常受到碎屑流冲击而开裂、倾斜甚至倒塌,给山区桥梁建设、运营带来严重的安全隐患。采用离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)和有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)耦合的三维数值模拟方法模拟了碎屑流对双柱式桥墩的冲击效应,并结合斜槽试验,验证了耦合方法的准确性,进一步分析了碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对桥墩冲击力的影响规律。结果表明,最大冲击力与碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度分别呈幂函数(指数大于1)、幂函数(指数小于1)和线性正相关。冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对最大冲击力的敏感度值分别为3.012、0.202、0.804,在桥梁碎屑流灾害防治时需重视冲击坡度和体积密度的影响。将冲击力的数值模拟值与流体动力学模型预测值对比分析表明,流体动力学模型理论公式能较好地预测桥墩所受的最大冲击力,最大预测误差低于23.6%。相关研究结果可为山区桥梁碎屑流灾害防治与设计提供一定的参考依据。

考虑强度速率衰减效应的地震滑坡SPH-FEM模拟

基于SPH和FEM耦合的数值计算方法,引入滑动面摩擦强度的速率衰减模型,提出了一种能够模拟地震诱发滑坡破坏过程的数值模拟方法。基于所提数值方法模拟了唐家山地震滑坡,模拟结果与现场勘查结果及室内试验现象较为一致。基于模拟的滑动面上摩擦系数的演化过程,将唐家山滑坡的发生分为4个阶段:启动阶段、摩擦衰减阶段、低摩擦滑移阶段和逐步稳定阶段。模拟结果表明速度增加和摩擦强度衰减的相互促进,是触发滑体的高速运动的根本原因。提出采用滑体上作用的动摩擦力fd和动下滑力Td的比值R作为判别指标用于判断大型滑坡的启动,当首次出现R小于1时认为滑动面发生整体贯通并出现失稳启动。基于滑动面不同位置摩擦系数的演化,揭示了滑坡启动中滑动面摩擦强度衰减和滑动面的渐进贯通过程,解释了地震作用与滑动面摩擦参数速率衰减效应共同作用触发大型滑坡发生破坏的内在机理。

基于SPH-FEM耦合方法的泥石流冲击输电塔基础的动力分析

泥石流是我国西南山区常见的地质灾害。架空输电杆塔在泥石流的冲击下往往发生基础破坏甚至会造成杆塔倒塌。首先采用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法和有限元方法(finite element method,简称FEM)相耦合的三维数值方法模拟了泥石流对杆塔基础的冲击作用;在与相关模型试验结果验证的基础上,开展了不同泥石流密度、黏度系数及初始速度条件下对输电塔基础的冲击力作用的参数分析;研究结果表明:随着泥石流初始速度的增加,冲击力峰值会随之增大;前排基础的冲击力峰值均大于后排基础;泥石流冲击过程特性受到泥石流密度和黏度系数影响。与稀性泥石流相比:黏性泥石流冲击基础后,基础下游真空区相对要小;此外,将数值模拟结果与Kwan冲击力公式及铁二院推荐的冲击压力设计公式预测值进行对比分析可以发现:Kwan冲击力公式能较好地预测出基础所受泥石流冲击力的平均趋势,最大预测误差低于30%,铁二院公式预测的稀性和黏性泥石流的冲击压力平均偏低分别约17%和28%。相关研究结果有望为泥石流频发区域输电塔基础的设计和风险评估提供一定的参考依据。

COUPLED THERMO MECHANICAL FEM ANALYSIS OF TWIST COMPRESSION DEFORMATION PROCESS

3-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM of compressible materials was applied to analyze the deformation behavior during twist compression forming of axisymmetrical body at high temperatures. When calculating the temperature fields, considering the thermo mechanical coupling effect between temperature and deformation, 2-D FEM and CNG methods were adopted, and the up winding technique was used to avoid the influences of numerical instability on calculated results.

2D FEM analysis for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory processes in near field of hypothetical nuclear waste repository

In order to consider the influence of temperature and underground water movement, an elastoplastic model and a 2D FEM stress fields on the migration of radioactive nuclide with code for analysis of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical （THM） processes in saturated and unsaturated porous media were extended and improved through introducing the percolation and migration equation, so that the code can be used for solving the temperature field, flow field, stress field and nuclide concentration field simultaneously. The states of temperatures, pore pressures and nuclide concentrations in the near field of a hypothetical nuclear waste repository were investigated. The influence of the half life of the radioactive nuclide on the temporal change of nuclide concentration was analyzed considering the thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory coupling. The results show that, at the boundary of the vitrified waste, the concentration of radioactive nuclide with a half life of 10 a falls after a period of rising, with the maximum value of 0.182 mol/m3 and the minimum value of 0.181 mol/m^3 at the end of computation. For a half life of 1 000 a, the concentration of radioactive nuclide always increases with the increase of the time during the computation period; and the maximum value is 1.686 mol/m^3 at the end of the computation. Therefore, under the condition of THM coupling, the concentration of radioactive nuclide with a shorter half life will decrease more quickly with water flow; but for the radioactive nuclide with a longer half life, its concentration will keep at a higher level for a longer time in the migration process.

基于自适应FEM-SPH耦合算法的飞机典型部位破片冲击战伤的数值研究

针对飞机典型部位在遭到高速破片攻击后结构整体的战伤状态及破片的剩余行为开展数值模拟。应用LS-DYNA软件,结合有限单元方法(finite element method,FEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)两者的优势,建立自适应的FEM-SPH耦合模拟方法,并构建2种飞机典型部位的计算模型,采用六面体网格局部细化方法实现了核心位置的精确模拟,并进行试验来验证数值模型;开展了一系列高速冲击战伤模拟,对比了不同工况下破片高速冲击结构后形成的碎片云和破口形貌,并对破片的剩余速度和质量进行分析,确定了破片在结构蒙皮上的临界跳飞角。结果表明:自适应FEM-SPH耦合算法的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,能够对破片高速冲击战伤进行有效准确模拟;碎片云分布形状随破片速度增加变得狭长,冲击角度会改变碎片云和结构破口形状朝向;碎片云高度和扩散速度随破片速度或角度的变化趋势基本一致并都呈线性关系;破片的速度减少量不随初始速度变化,质量减少量则与冲击速度正相关,两者与冲击角度都负相关;破片临界跳飞角与冲击速度大小基本呈线性关系。

基于DEM-FEM耦合模型的质量流量对喷丸强化效果的影响

目的提出一种将有限元(FEM)与离散元(DEM)相耦合的新方法,即通过定义关键字的方式在ABAQUS软件内实现DEM-FEM耦合功能,并应用此方法建立喷丸强化模型。方法将弹丸视为等直径刚体,利用刚体动力学模拟弹丸-弹丸和弹丸-靶材之间相互作用以及整个弹丸流。通过建立的DEM-FEM耦合喷丸强化模型研究质量流量对残余应力场和表面粗糙度的影响。结果质量流量对喷丸强化效果有显著影响,最大残余应力随质量流量的增加而减小,由2 kg/min时的–596.77 MPa下降到6 kg/min时的–581.91 MPa;表面残余应力随质量流量的增加先增大后减小,由2 kg/min时的–420.86 MPa增大到4 kg/min时的472.06 MPa,随后减小到6 kg/min时的–450.50 MPa;表面粗糙度Ra随质量流量的增加减小,由2 kg/min时的11.21μm减小到6 kg/min时的9.82μm。设计了喷丸强化实验,对质量流量2 kg/min的结果进行了验证。结论实测值与模拟值吻合较好,所建立的模型可以准确反映实际喷丸强化过程。质量流量对喷丸强化效果具有显著影响。

基于SPH-FEM耦合算法的台阶精准爆破延期时间研究及应用

电子雷管在大型露天矿爆破中广泛使用,利用其精准起爆特性通过设置合理延期时间可有效改善爆破质量,对矿山生产降本增效具有重要意义。基于光滑粒子流体动力学—有限单元(SPH-FEM)耦合算法,利用LS-Dyna软件建立了多个巴润矿常规台阶尺寸的三维数值模型。针对电子雷管起爆条件下不同孔间和排间延时分别建立双孔、三孔SPH-FEM三维模型,从矿岩体SPH粒子应力和移动2个维度研究了被爆矿岩体的受力破碎、抛掷位移特征,并重点分析了不同排间延时下后排炮孔爆破漏斗的偏移角度。据此确定了最佳孔间、排间延期时间范围,并通过现场验证对比试验,选出了适合该爆区的最优延时。研究结果表明:在巴润矿现行孔排距条件下利用电子雷管精准起爆,孔间延时在20~30 ms内可达到较好的破碎效果;排间延时大于35 ms时,先爆炮孔为后续炮孔提供新的自由面和抛掷空间,且大于40 ms时应力趋于稳定;在现场验证试验中,试验区内边长1 m以下的破碎矿岩体占比达91%,较非试验爆区中同尺寸岩块占比提高了14%,破碎效果得到有效改善。

基于SPH-FEM算法的森林灭火弹爆炸抛撒灭火剂初速的数模拟研究

针对森林灭火弹爆炸抛撒问题,应用LS-DYNA软件对森林灭火弹爆炸抛撒灭火剂初速进行数值模拟研究。依据森林灭火弹爆炸抛撒实验的数据,对Gurney公式进行修正;建立森林灭火弹的仿真模型,将仿真模型所得灭火剂初速与修正后Gurney公式所得灭火剂初速进行对比,验证SPH-FEM耦合算法研究此类问题的可行性;对森林灭火弹装药结构进行优化,分析阶梯装药结构对灭火剂初速的影响。结果表明,修正后Gurney公式能够更好地适用于灭火剂初速的计算;采用SPH-FEM耦合算法模拟所得灭火剂初速与修正后Gurney公式所得灭火剂初速的吻合度高,表明采用SPH-FEM耦合算法研究此类问题是可行的;对森林灭火弹装药结构进行阶梯化改进可以增大灭火剂抛撒面积与提升灭火剂抛撒均匀性,提高森林灭火弹灭火效率。

MPS-FEM Coupled Method for Study of Wave-Structure Interaction

Nowadays,an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea.As a result,some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g.,hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels,tsunami impact on onshore structures,and sloshing in liquid containers)have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields.In this paper,the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method and finite element method(FEM)coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure.The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles,and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements.The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted,and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation.Next,the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments.By verification,the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems with waves.On this basis,taking the flexibility of structure into consideration,the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated,including the evolutions of the free surface,the variation of the wave impact pressures,the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response.By comparison with the rigid case,the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.

TRANSIENT FEM FOR AXISYMMETRIC COUPLED THER-MOELASTICITY

Axisymmetric coupled thermoelasticity is investigated by finite element method,and the inertia effect is also considered.A quasi-thermal conduction equation is obtained through transformation.A numerical algorithm is proposed based on the Newmark technology.The effect of inertia and coupling is investigated.

Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of Long Cone-Shaped Forging Based on Rigid Visco-Plastic FEM

Based on synthetically considering the coupled thermo mechanical relations between temperature and deforming, a numerical simulation of the forging process for the special long cone shaped workpiece of Al 5.44Mg 2.15Li 0.12Zr alloy at high temperature was conducted by using the rigid visco plastic finite element method. The relations between the total load and the displacement during the forging, and the distributions of stress, strain, temperature and strain rate, which can provide useful information for the process design, are obtained.

FEM-BEM Coupling for the MHD Pipe Flow in an Exterior Region

In this study, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow through a circular pipe under the influence of a transverse mag- netic field when the outside medium is also electrically conducting is solved numerically by using FEM-BEM coupling approach. The coupled partial differential equations defined for the interior medium are transformed into homogenous modified Helmholtz equations. For the exterior medium on an infinite region, the Laplace equation is considered for the exterior magnetic field. Unknowns in the equations are also related with the corresponding Dirichlet and Neumann type coupled boundary conditions. Unknown values of the magnetic field on the boundary and for the exterior region are obtained by using BEM, and the unknown velocity and magnetic field inside the pipe are obtained by using SUPG type stabilized FEM. Computations are carried for very high values of magnetic Reynolds numbers Rm1, Reynolds number Re and magnetic pressure Rh of the fluid. The results show that using stabilized method enables us to get stable and accurate numerical approximations consistent with the physical configuration of the problem over rough mesh which also results a cheap computational cost.

基于FEM和BEM法的大型立式齿轮箱振动噪声计算及测试分析

根据某大型立式行星传动齿轮箱的结构和安装特点,基于FEM法建立了该齿轮箱的和有限元模型,对其进行了振动模态分析,计算了其模态频率和稳态不平衡响应;基于BEM法建立了该齿轮箱的外声场边界元模型,导入了齿轮箱振动稳态不平衡响应结果作为声学边界条件,对辐射声场进行了数值计算和仿真分析。通过对齿轮箱进行现场振动和噪声测试分析,得到的测试结果与理论计算结果较为一致,表明了理论计算的可行性和准确性。

加纵肋平底圆柱壳振动和声辐射的FEM/BEM研究

建立了两端带平底板的加纵肋圆柱壳水中声辐射计算的FEM/BEM三维模型,探究了加肋的高度、宽度、数目对平底圆柱壳表面平均速度、辐射功率、辐射效率、声场指向性的影响规律。计算方法是在有限元软件ANSYS中做加肋平底圆柱壳建模、模态分析基础上,将有关数据(网格、模态)导入边界元软件SYSNOISE中计算流体-结构耦合状态下的辐射声场特性。结果表明:(1)纵肋的高度、宽度以及数目增大都可以引起平底圆柱壳的表面平均速度、辐射功率、辐射效率随频率变化曲线峰的移动,同时使声辐射效率增大,但使表面平均速度、辐射功率变化不明显。(2)纵肋的高度、宽度增大都使低频声辐射中两端平底板的贡献量增大,而使研究频域内的高频声辐射在激励力的反方向上增强。当径向激励力作用在纵肋上时适当调整均布纵肋的数目可以改变平底圆柱壳辐射声场的指向性。这对于水下结构辐射噪声预报以及噪声抑制具有重要意义。