Coupled Vibration Analysis of Vehicle-Bridge System Based on Multi-Boby Dynamics

For establishing the refined numerical simulation model for coupled vibration between vehicle and bridge, the refined three-dimensional vehicle model is setup by multi-body system dynamics method, and finite element method of dynamic model is adopted to model the bridge. Taking Yujiang River Bridge on Nanning-Guangzhou railway line in China as study background, the?refined numerical simulation model of whole vehicle and whole bridge system for coupled vibration analysis is set up. The dynamic analysis model of the cable-stayed bridge is established by finite element method, and the natural vibration properties of the bridge are analyzed. The German ICE Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train refined three-dimensional space vehicle model is set up by multi-system dynamics software SIMPACK, and the multiple non-linear properties are considered. The space vibration responses are calculated by co-simulation based on multi-body system dynamics and finite element method when the ICE EMU train passes the long span cable-stayed bridge at different speeds. In order to test if the bridge has the sufficient lateral or vertical rigidity and the operation stability is fine. The calculation results show: The operation safety can be guaranteed, and comfort?index is “excellent”. The bridge has sufficient rigidity, and vibration is in good condition.

Numerical Analysis of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine by Coupled Aero-Hydrodynamic Simulation

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.

飞行器旋转翼折展过程动稳定性研究进展

旋转翼是一种可绕固定轴旋转变体的机翼,广泛应用于新型无人机、巡飞弹、航空炸弹等飞行器,其折展过程中的动稳定特性是决定旋转翼飞行器设计成败的关键基础问题。基于此,梳理了近年来飞行器旋转翼折展过程动稳定机理的研究进展。介绍了旋转翼发展历程及其面临的折展动稳定关键问题;从非定常气动数值模拟、非定常动态特性数值模拟、CFD/RBD一体化耦合数值模拟3个层次阐述了折展过程动稳定数值模拟进展;介绍了旋转翼折展扰动下的非线性动力学建模及动稳定性分析的现状;分析了旋转翼折展动稳定性机理的风洞试验验证情况;总结了旋转翼折展过程动稳定研究面临的科学问题,并提出了可行的研究方向。

高速动车组车下设备的吊耳动力学分析

为揭示CRH380AL高速动车组车下设备不同位置的吊耳产生裂纹差异很大的原因,开展实车运行工况下的振动和气动载荷测试,建立车下设备-车辆-轮轨-线路多重耦合大系统动力学模型,其中的车体和车下设备利用有限元法建立弹性体模型,轮轨子系统和转向架子系统使用多刚体动力学建模,轨道不平顺谱应用武汉至广州区间的实际测量数据,隧道通过和隧道交会等工况的气动载荷由八节车气动模型数值模拟获得,分析了车体弹性、气动载荷和螺栓刚度等因素对车下设备吊耳支反力的影响.研究表明:车下设备与车辆系统之间存在强烈的耦合行为,车下设备本身质量分布和车体弹性耦合效应导致4号吊耳垂向动态载荷最大,与现场故障裂纹占比最高的情况对应;气动载荷对车下设备8号吊耳动态载荷存在明显影响;低频区域的吊耳动态载荷随螺栓刚度的增大而增大,垂向平均动载荷和最大动载荷分别为其余2个方向的4倍和6倍.基于线路和车辆耦合的动力学分析方法可为车下设备动态力学行为的设计和疲劳性能的优化提供理论支撑.

Dynamic rupture of metal sheet subjected to laser irradiation and tangential subsonic airflow

To reproduce the premature rupture process of metal sheet subjected to laser irradiation with subsonic airflow,which is an interesting phenomenon observed in the experiments given by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,a coupled numerical model considering the interaction and evolution of metal elastoplastic deformation and aerodynamic pressure profile is presented.With the thermal elastoplastic constitutive relationship and failure criterion,the simulated failure modes and dynamic rupture process are basically consistent with the experimental results,indicating plastic flow and multiple fracturing is the main failure mechanism.Compared with the case of non-airflow,subsonic airflow not only accelerates deformation,but also turns the bugle deformation,plastic strain and rupture mode into asymmetric.

Dynamic Analysis on the Main Transmission Device of Wooden Ice Cream Sticks Branding Machine

In order to reduce the labor intensity,improve the production efficiency and enhance the equipment stability and the branding accuracy of the pattern,we have completed a double-row high-efficiency wooden ice cream stick branding machine structural design.The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model is established and the movement and stress of the first-stage chain drive are calculated and analyzed.The comparison of the theoretical calculation results shows that the dynamic modeling and the structural design of the equipment are reasonable and the result of dynamic calculation also provides the basis of load data for dynamic strength calculation of structural components.

真空管道列车流固耦合研究进展及关键技术分析

利用磁悬浮技术、管道内抽真空形成低压运行环境,真空管道列车理论上可以实现超过1000 km/h的运行速度。封闭管道导致气动环境复杂,同时列车悬浮运行使列车运行姿态极易发生改变,列车流固耦合效应明显。为探究真空管道列车流固耦合理论及分析方法,对真空管道列车气动研究进展、轨道列车流固耦合特性研究进展进行了综述,分析了真空管道列车流固耦合关键技术,提出了需要重点发展的真空管道列车流场分析技术、流固耦合分析技术和控制技术,可为真空管道列车流固耦合机理研究提供参考。

Numerical study of wheel–rail adhesion performance of new-concept high-speed trains with aerodynamic wings

Wheel–rail adhesion is a complex tribological problem of wheel–rail rolling contact and is closely related to the operational safety of high-speed trains.A new design concept of high-speed trains was recently proposed with an expectation of a reduction of equivalent weight and total energy consumption by installing aerodynamic wings(aero-wings)on the roof,but it was accompanied by the disadvantage of deteriorating wheel–rail adhesion performance.In this study,a comprehensive multibody dynamics(MBD)model of the high-speed train with predesigned aero-wings is established using the commercial software SIMPACK,in which the real aerodynamic characteristics of the train are taken into account.The available adhesion and adhesion margin are employed to evaluate the wheel–rail adhesion performance.The influences of aero-wing lift,train speed,and contact conditions on the wheel–rail adhesion level are discussed.The results show that the load transfer caused by the action of aerodynamic load and braking torque was the main reason for the inconsistent adhesion condition of four wheelsets.The influences of aero-wing lift and train speed on the wheel–rail adhesion performance are coupled;the available adhesion of both motor car and trailer is negatively correlated with aero-wing lift and train speed under all contact conditions,while the variation law of adhesion margin with train speed shows differences under different contact conditions.When the wheel–rail interface was polluted by a‘third-body medium’such as water and oil,the wheel–rail adhesion performance was dramatically reduced and the wheelset tended to reach adhesion saturation and slide.However,track irregularity had little effect on the adhesion performance and could be ignored to save calculation time.These results are of positive significance for reducing the wheel idling or sliding phenomenon and to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains with aero-wings.

适用于弹性飞机飞行动力学仿真的气动力降阶方法

针对低速太阳能无人机在由阵风引起的大迎角非线性气动力情况下的高精度、高效率气动弹性及飞行动力学工程仿真问题,对气动力降阶方法及其在飞行动力学仿真中的应用进行深入探索。以二维翼型为例,分别基于自回归外部输入模型(ARX)方法、多小波Volterra级数方法、反向传播(BP)、径向基函数(RBF)神经网络方法和支持向量回归(SVR)方法建立了非定常气动力降阶模型,并比较了5种方法的收敛性及泛化能力。在此基础之上综合ARX和神经网络方法的优点提出一种计算精度高,收敛性、泛化能力较强的ARX-BP/RBF组合建模方法。将基于ARXRBF的组合气动力降阶方法和弹性飞机刚弹耦合动力学方程相结合建立基于气动力降阶的弹性飞机飞行动力学仿真模型。以一架太阳能无人机模型为例,开展数值验证,对算例对象在阵风及舵面激励下的响应进行仿真研究,并和计算流体力学(CFD)-计算结构动力学(CSD)结果及基于线性气动力的仿真结果进行对比。结果表明:所建立的弹性飞机仿真模型能有效反映气动力非线性特性,且仿真效率高于CFD-CSD分析方法,适用于工程实践。

Fluid-structure interaction simulation for multi-body flexible morphing structures

The multi-body flexible morphing airfoil can improve the aerodynamic characteristics based on different flight missions continuously.Recently researches have focused on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wings under passive actuation.However,the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics with the fluid-structure interaction effects in the multi-body active actuation process of morphing airfoil deserve further investigation.In this paper,a fluid-structure coupled simulation method for multi-body flexible morphing airfoil with active actuation subsystem was investigated,and the aerodynamic characteristics during deformation were compared with different skin flexibility,flow field environment,actuation mode and actuation time.The numerical results show that for the steady aerodynamic,the skin flexibility can improve the stability efficiency.In the unsteady process,the change trend of the transient lift coefficient and pitching moment are consistent with those of the active drive characteristics,while the instantaneous lift-drag ratio coefficient is greatly affected by the driving mode and can be improved by increasing the driving duration.

高速列车过隧道对弓网动力学影响分析

为研究高速列车通过隧道时产生的受电弓空气动力学效应对弓网动力学性能的影响,分别建立了受电弓/高速列车空气动力学仿真模型和弓网耦合系统动力学模型。采用滑移网格技术实现了高速列车运动,通过有限体积法求解三维瞬态可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型,计算了列车速度为350 km/h通过隧道时受电弓的气动抬升力,对考虑和未考虑列车通过隧道产生的受电弓气动抬升力作用时的弓网动力学响应进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,受电弓气动抬升力在隧道入口和出口时出现峰值,隧道内的气动抬升力较明线上大;通过隧道时产生的受电弓气抬升力变化对弓网接触压力和接触线抬升位移具有显著影响,导致受流质量变差。

汽车侧风稳定性的双向耦合方法研究

基于汽车空气动力学与系统动力学双向耦合提出了一种Fluent与Matlab的在线耦合算法.并对侧风工况下某微型面包车的气动以及稳定性进行研究.汽车在9m/s的稳定侧风环境下行驶1s,双向耦合方法相对于传统的单向耦合方法计算得到的汽车侧向位移、侧向力、横摆力矩分别减小3.3%,4.8%,17.8%,相应的汽车侧向速度、横摆角速度等的差距都超过了6.0%.并且这种差距会随着作用时间的增加逐渐增大.结果表明:车辆运动状态受气动力的影响不能忽视;汽车的侧向力并不一定随着横摆角变大而增大,要综合考虑汽车的侧向速度与横摆角速度的影响;双向耦合方法建立了汽车空气动力学与系统动力学之间的紧密联系,得到的结果更加切合实际.

风-浪作用下跨海大桥列车-桥梁系统耦合振动仿真研究

以一斜拉桥研究对象,计算了桥梁下部结构的波浪荷载。通过ICEM生成车桥的混合网格,在Fluent中计算了不同风浪组合下系统的气动荷载。利用Ansys和Simpack建立车-桥耦合模型,将风浪荷载以时程输入,研究不同组合下列车和桥梁动力学指标的变化规律。结果表明:当风速和车速一定时,随着波浪荷载重现期的增大,车桥系统的安全性与舒适性降低。列车的脱轨系数和轮对横向力随波浪荷载的变化最明显;桥梁跨中的竖向位移以及加速度与无波浪荷载相比变化较小,而横向指标则随之逐渐增大;当波高和车速一定时,系统的各项动力指标随着风速的提高均明显增大。列车的脱轨系数和轮对横向力的变化幅度最大;桥梁跨中竖向位移在风速达30 m/s时发生突变,而竖向加速度从无风环境到有风环境时发生突变,桥梁横向动力指标则随风速增大而显著增大。

风力机组整机多体动力学建模与动态特性研究（英文）

选取某MW级风力发电机组为研究对象,设计了机组运动拓扑结构图,构建了风机整机的刚柔耦合多体动力学分析模型,并与气动力计算软件Aero Dyn和控制求解器通过接口力元实现联合仿真。模态分析计算得到了整机前6阶固有频率和模态振型,分析可知机组与关键转速区间激振频率不发生共振。动态仿真计算得到了3种不同工况下风机塔架迎风方向的位移、加速度动响应以及叶片三坐标方向的叶尖挠度,分析发现阵风期间塔架位移突然增大且瞬时波动剧烈;叶片的x方向叶尖挠度值最大,可能使叶片和塔架发生碰撞。

基于ALE方法的列车横风绕流动力学分析

利用有限体积法对横风作用下列车周围的空气流场进行计算。结合车辆-轨道耦合动力学,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法处理列车与空气间存在的运动边界,实现了车辆系统动力学与计算流体力学之间的结合。以某国产客运列车为例,计算列车在20 m/s的横风作用下以160 km/h的速度运行时的动力学响应,给出列车周围的流场分布;分析了考虑与不考虑风-车之间流固耦合效应时,作用在车辆上的气动力和气动力矩的变化情况。结果表明,流固耦合效应对车体摇头力矩的影响比较大,而对于车体垂向、横向位移和加速度的影响甚微。

降低气动舵操纵耦合的高超声速飞行器总体优化研究

针对高超声速飞行器严重耦合特性给控制系统设计带来的问题,从简化控制系统设计的角度出发对飞行器总体提出通道间耦合小的优化设计要求。以气动舵控制的翼身组合体外形高超声速飞行器为研究对象,引入操纵耦合力矩影响作用的度量-操纵耦合度定义;结合工程估算与CFD计算方法建立操纵耦合度与飞行器总体外形参数的表征关系;采用多目标粒子群算法,求解以总体外形参数为决策变量,以各通道操纵耦合度最小为目标函数的优化问题,从而确定可降低气动舵操纵耦合的高超飞行器总体随控优化策略。算例分析表明,提出的高超声速飞行器总体随控优化方法可有效改善气动舵控制高超飞行器的操纵耦合特性,对控制系统设计具有重要意义。

浮式风机系统水-气动力耦合分析方法

将浮式风机系统中浮体的水动力分析模块与风力发电机的空气动力分析模块整合,提出了适用于深水浮式风机系统的全耦合动力响应分析方法.浮体水动力计算采用基于二阶精度的混合波浪模型(Hybrid Wave Model)的MORISON公式,锚泊系统采用细长杆理论通过非线性有限元方法实现,风机系统的空气动力分析采用基于多体气动弹性理论的FAST模块.以浮体控制方程为主体,通过模块间的载荷与位移传递在每个时间步上迭代求解,形成完全耦合的时域分析方法.通过对某SPAR风机系统在随机海况下进行了系统水动力响应分析,并与现有的三维势流理论的结果进行了比较,验证了数值分析方法的有效性.最后,对系统的动力响应进行了水-气动力的全耦合数值分析.结果表明,该方法能有效地分析浮式风机各子系统间的混合动力作用,可用于海洋风电系统开发.

基于结构动力学的平板扑翼气动弹性方法研究

由于扑翼机构给定的运动与变形运动的相互耦合,扑翼的运动属于柔性多体动力学问题,使得经典的动力学理论无法适用于扑翼的气动弹性研究。针对扑翼的结构特性,研究了一种适用于扑翼的气动结构耦合计算方法。考虑惯性力、气动力和运动加速度后,利用Hamilton变分原理建立扑翼动力学控制方程,并采用Newmark数值解法进行求解。通过求解三维非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程获得精确的非定常气动特性。气动网格与结构网格之间的数据传递采用无限平板样条插值(IPS)方法。运用本文方法对做沉浮运动的矩形钢板分别进行了刚性翼和柔性翼的气动分析,计算结果均与实验结果吻合良好,验证了所发展方法的正确性。

基于Jourdain原理和有限元离散的浮式风机动力响应分析

为了研究海上浮式风机动力特性,揭示旋转叶片“动力刚化”现象,本文基于一致质量有限元法和Jourdain速度变分原理,建立浮式风机刚-柔耦合多体系统动力学模型。采用叶素动量理论计算非定常气动弹性载荷,编制浮式风力机系统的Matlab仿真程序。结果表明:旋转叶片刚度随转速增大而增大;叶片挥舞以波浪频率和气动频率1P响应为主,并存在二者的耦合频率以及2P、3P响应;浮式基础运动几乎只有波频响应,气动载荷对基础振荡幅值贡献非常小。

横风环境下铁路车辆振动响应分析

在任意拉格朗日-欧拉框架下,利用三维粘性非定常不可压缩N-S方程,k-ε两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法建立了横风作用下列车周围空气流场的数值计算模型,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学,分析了横风环境下风-车耦合振动响应。结果表明:与无横风作用时相比较,横风作用下,背风侧的脱轨系数和轮轨作用力有所增加,轮重减载率减小,迎风侧的脱轨系数和轮轨横向力有所减小,轮重减载率增加。相对于脱轨系数,轮重减载率对横风作用更为敏感。