Characteristics of radiation and convection heat transfer in indirect near-infrared-ray heating chamber

Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation, conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray （N/R） heating chamber. The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds numbers were varied from 103 to 3x106, which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cylinder. Analyses were performed to obtain the inner and outer flow and the temperature distributions in the heat absorbing cylinder and the rates of radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer. As the Reynolds number increases, the convection heat transfer rate is increased while the radiation heat transfer rate is decreased. The average convection heat transfer rate follows a power rule of the Reynolds number. Addition of three-dimensional heat releasing fin to the outside of the heat absorbing cylinder enhances the convection heat transfer.

Thermodynamic Head Loss in a Channel with Combined Radiation and Convection Heat Transfer

Losses in channel flows are usually determined using a frictional head loss parameter. Fluid friction is however not the only source of loss in channel flows with heat transfer. For such flow problems, thermal energy degradation, in addition to mechanical energy degradation, add to the total loss in thermodynamic head. To assess the total loss in a channel with combined convection and radiation heat transfer, the conventional frictional head loss parameter is extended in this study. The analysis is applied to a 3D turbulent channel flow and identifies the critical locations in the flow domain where the losses are concentrated. The influence of Boltzmann number is discussed, and the best channel geometry for flows with combined heat transfer modes is also determined.

Effect of Sinusoidal Heating on Natural Convection Coupled to Thermal Radiation in a Square Cavity Subjected to Cross Temperature Gradients

Coupled natural convection and surface radiation within a square cavity, filled with air and submitted to discrete heating and cooling from all its walls, is studied numerically. The thermally active elements are centrally located on the walls of the cavity. Two heating modes, called SB and SV, are considered. They correspond to bottom and vertical left elements sinusoidally heated in time, respectively, while the top and vertical right ones are constantly cooled. The remaining portions of all the walls are considered adiabatic. The parameters governing the problem are the amplitude and the period of the temporally sinusoidal temperature, the emissivity of the walls , the relative lengths of the active elements and the Rayleigh number . The effect of such parameters on flow and thermal fields and the resulting heat transfer is examined. It is shown that, during a flow cycle, the flow structure can present complex behavior, depending on the emissivity and the amplitude and period of the exciting temperature. The rate of heat transfer is generally enhanced in the case of sinusoidal heating. Also, the resonance phenomenon existence, characterized by maximum fluctuations in flow intensity and heat transfer, is proved in this study.

Melting heat and thermal radiation effects in stretched flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid

The incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with mixed convection along a stretching sheet is analyzed. The heat transfer phenomenon is discussed through thermal radiation. The effects of the melting heat transfer and heat generation/absorption are also taken. Suitable transformations are utilized to attain the nonlinear ordinary differential expressions. The convergent series solutions are presented. The fluid flow, temperature, and surface heat transfer rate are examined graphically. It is observed that the velocity decreases when the relaxation time increases while increases when the retardation time is constant. The results also reveal that the temperature distribution reduces when the radiation parameter increases.

Numerical Modelling of Radiation-Convection Coupling of Greenhouse Using Underfloor Heating

Greenhouse is an important place for crop growth, and it is necessary to control the temperature of growing environment in winter. In addition, the root temperature underground also plays a decisive role for plants growth. Adopting underground heating to increase the temperature can effectively improve the yield of crops. The objective of our study was to model the heat transfer of greenhouse underfloor heating which is analyzed and simplified based on the FLUENT software by changing the several important factors that affect the temperature distribution: pipe diameter, pipe spacing, laying depth, supplied water temperature and flow rate, as boundary conditions to simulate the changes of the soil temperature field around the winter night environment. Researching the temperature distribution of the greenhouse, the soil surface and the plant root layer under the different parameters and the basic rules of the heating system are summarized. The results show that the water supply temperature, pipe spacing and diameter of the pipe has a greater impact on the ground and room temperature, and the laying depth has greater impact on the temperature uniformity of the ground, the velocity of water in pipe has little impact on the uniformity of ground temperature.

Radiation-absorption,chemical reaction,Hall and ion slip impacts on magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow over semi-infinite moving absorbent surface

The investigation of radiation-absorption,chemical reaction,Hall and ion-slip impacts on unsteady MHD free convective laminar flow of an incompressible viscous,electrically conducting and heat generation/absorbing fluid enclosed with a semi-infinite porous plate within a rotating frame has been premeditated.The plate is assumed to be moving with a constant velocity in the direction of fluid movement.A uniform transverse magnetic field is applied at right angles to the porous surface,which is absorbing the fluid with a suction velocity changing with time.The non-dimensional governing equations for present investigation are solved analytically making use of two term harmonic and non-harmonic functions.The graphical results of velocity,temperature and concentration distributions on the analytical solutions are displayed and discussed with reference to pertinent parameters.It is found that the velocity profiles decreased with an increasing in Hartmann number,rotation parameter,the Schmidt number,heat source parameter,while it increased due to an increase in permeability parameter,radiation-absorption parameter,Hall and ion slip parameters.However,the temperature profile is an increasing function of radiation-absorption parameter,whereas an increase in chemical reaction parameter,the Schmidt number Sc or frequency of oscillations decrease the temperature profile on cooling.Also,it is found that the concentration profile is decreased with an escalating in the Schmidt number or the chemical reaction parameter.

Hydrodynamic Anisotropy Effects on Radiation-Mixed Convection Interaction in a Vertical Porous Channel

The effects of hydrodynamic anisotropy on the mixed-convection in a vertical porous channel heated on its plates with a thermal radiation are investigated analytically for fully developed flow regime. The porous medium is anisotropic in permeability whose principal axes are oriented in a direction that is oblique to the gravity. The generalized Brinkman-extended Darcy model which allows the no-slip boundary-condition on solid wall is used in the formulation of the problem. The flow reversal, the thermal radiation influence for natural, and forced convection are considered in the limiting cases for low and high porosity media. It was found that the anisotropic permeability ratio, the orientation angle of the principal axes of permeability and the radiation parameter affected significantly the flow regime and the heat transfer.

水热型地热水平井取热对流传热耦合机制

【目的】闭式取热技术只利用地层热量,不抽采地热水,近年来成为地热开发研究的重点领域之一,但关注储层对流对传热影响的研究相对缺乏。【方法】为了提高单井取热量,提出水热型储层水平井闭式取热工艺,增大井筒与储层的接触面积,且充分利用储层对流。建立水平井、循环水、储层互相耦合的流动传热模型,分储层自然对流、强制对流条件开展取热性能预测,揭示储层对流场、温度场演变特征。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)储层发育与水平段垂直的强制对流可有效缓解热突破,对取热提升较为明显;与水平段平行的强制对流与自然对流取热量无明显差异。(2)与上覆地层相比,储层段对循环水温的提升占主导地位,平均每米温度提升是上覆地层的2.4倍。(3)储层对流场和温度场演变具有高度耦合特性。当储层只存在自然对流时,温度场变化范围与达西流动活跃区局限于井筒邻近区域,沿径向方向扩展;当储层发育强制对流时,温度场和对流场在水平井筒两侧呈非对称分布,低温区和低达西流速区位于对流下游方向。(4)储层温度动态恢复特征受对流条件控制。强制对流可加速对井筒周围区域热量补给,促进温度恢复,具备长年运行的条件。研究成果为水平井取热系统研究与设计提供借鉴。

钠液面高度对氩气空间耦合传热特性影响的实验研究

锥顶盖作为快堆主容器重要的压力边界之一,其结构的完整性对快堆的安全运行至关重要。锥顶盖结构完整性与其温度载荷密切相关,而温度载荷受氩气空间自然对流与辐射耦合传热特性影响显著,有必要开展深入研究。基于钠液面上部氩气空间传热特性实验台架,开展了氩气空间传热特性实验研究,测量了锥顶盖、氩气空间和主泵支承的温度分布,阐明钠液面高度对传热特性的影响。实验结果表明,随着钠液面高度的增加,锥顶盖和氩气空间的温度随之升高,而且在高钠温时现象更加明显。此外,钠液面高度对主泵支承的温度分布和周向温差影响微弱。通过开展氩气空间钠液面高度对传热规律的影响研究,可为建立实验装置与原型反应堆之间的温度映射关系提供参考。

燃氢燃机高温高湿透平耦合传热和冷却特性

分析了燃氢燃机透平在导热/对流/辐射耦合作用下的流动传热和冷却特性,发展了能够计算高H_(2)O与CO_(2)分压比的灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型。结果表明:燃氢燃机工质中水蒸气含量增大导致金属壁面温度升高;加入辐射的影响后,H_(2)O和CO_(2)含量对传热的影响呈相反的结果,这主要是由于CO_(2)的对流传热能力强于H_(2)O,而H_(2)O的辐射能力强于CO_(2);在对流、导热、辐射3种传热方式都存在的燃氢透平冷却耦合系统中,气膜冷却的速度场几乎不受影响,而温度场则深受耦合及辐射的影响,所定义的耦合条件下气膜冷却效率能够表征燃氢条件下气膜的冷却性能,因此在燃氢燃机透平冷却的设计中,燃氢导致的热负荷恶化需纳入设计变量中。

基于电化学-热-力耦合模型的锂离子电池热失控研究

为提升锂离子电池的安全性能,减少由热失控导致的安全事故,分析电池温升的原因并有效降低其温度,依据电化学反应中浓度、电势与热模型中温度的相互影响关系,建立电化学-热-力耦合模型。通过模拟单电池和电池组温度分布的实时情况,分析单电池温度不均匀分布和电池组温度正态分布情况的原因,探讨换热面积和流通量对散热量的影响,研究电池组中单体电池的位置分布及不同传热介质的散热情况。研究结果显示:低温和相对高温环境下,欧姆热、极化热及电化学反应热产热占比不同,但产热最高温度未达到电极材料与电解液分解反应的临界温度420 K;高温环境下,电池温度持续升高接近临界温度,出现热失控趋势,对流换热系数对电池影响较大。电池组间隙为10 mm和20 mm时,整体温度比间隙为0时分别降低了1.1%和1.8%;与无间隙电池组相比,以铜板和铝板为传热介质的电池组温度分别降低了2.0%和1.6%。

太阳能真空集热管热损分析与试验研究

基于热平衡法提出了一种动态热平衡热损计算方法,并进行了验证,同时分析了环境温度、进口温度、流量对真空集热管热损的影响。结果表明,热损随着环境温度的降低、进口熔盐温度的升高和熔盐质量流量的降低而增大;当辐照强度在700 W/m2以上时,真空集热管获得的热量大于热损并能稳定工作,说明槽式光热电站在东南沿海等太阳能资源相对不足的地区有一定的适用性。

响应面分析翅片参数对含内热源封闭腔内对流-辐射耦合传热特性的影响

为研究内置翅片参数对含内热源封闭腔内自然对流-辐射耦合传热的影响,在是否考虑内壁面辐射效应的基础上,对不同翅片单参数下腔内传热能力进行了数值分析对比,并就翅片多参数交互作用对腔内对流-辐射耦合传热效果的影响进行了响应面分析。结果表明:一定强度的壁面辐射有利于改善热源表面和冷壁面的对流换热效果。壁面辐射使得翅片附近的冷壁面局部Nu数波动程度有所增强,冷壁面平均Nu数相比无翅片工况最高提升了16.74%;无论是否考虑辐射,翅片单参数变化,翅片长度l对热源表面平均Nu数的影响最为显著,最优翅片单参数均依次为:θ=120°、l=0.02H、a=0.75H,考虑辐射对应的热源表面平均Nu数提升率η更高,分别为10.15%、11.03%、10.48%;引入响应面优化法,分析得出翅片长度与安装高度的交互作用对热源表面平均Nu数影响最显著,腔内对流-辐射耦合传热效率最高的翅片参数组合为:θ=117.94°,l=0.023H,a=0.734H,此时,热源表面平均Nu数为26.50,相比无翅片工况提升了13.15%。所得翅片参数影响规律及多目标优化结果反映各因素交互作用显著度的同时,也为改善工业装置封闭空间内发热元件对流冷却效果提供了理论指导。

SOFC阴极空气预热器耦合传热特性及参数影响分析

针对固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)高温区碳化硅基阴极空气预热器这一新型换热设备,开展极高温工况下的烟气-空气的辐射-导热-对流耦合传热特性及参数影响分析,基于ANSYS Fluent采用DO模型分析高温气体辐射换热及气体吸收系数对换热器性能的影响,并与S2S模型及不考虑辐射换热模型的计算结果进行对比;同时研究了壁面发射率及烟气进口温度对耦合传热的影响规律。结果表明,烟气进口温度800~1100℃条件下,辐射换热的影响较大,但烟气吸收系数及气体辐射的影响可以忽略;壁面发射率、烟气入口温度对耦合传热的影响非常明显,壁面发射率和烟气入口温度越高,空气出口温度越高。研究结果可为碳化硅基阴极空气预热器的设计提供理论依据。

纯氢燃气轮机火焰筒肋化壁面换热特性数值模拟优化研究

本文针对纯氢燃气轮机火焰筒肋化壁面对流换热冷却问题,采用流固耦合数值仿真计算方法,在现有火焰筒肋片结构基础上(肋高e=3mm,肋间距P=20mm),研究其余11种肋片设计方案(e=3~5mm,P=15~30mm)的流动换热特性和规律,进一步对现有火焰筒冷却结构进行优化。研究表明,肋高e=3mm、4mm时,增大肋间距,换热性能下降;肋高e=5mm时,增大肋间距,换热性能先减小再增大再减小。肋间距P=15mm、20mm时,肋高增加使得换热效果先增大后减少;肋间距P=25mm、30mm时,肋高增加换热效果增加;肋间高比P/e在3~5之间,换热效果最佳,综合分析得出,P/e=3.75时换热效果最好。与现有结构相比,肋高e=4mm,肋间距P=15mm时,对流强化换热系数增加2.6%,摩擦因子增加43%,平均壁温降低5.2%。

关于立式石化设备裙座热分析边界条件的讨论

以某石化设备为例,详细介绍裙座处热分析的真实边界条件,重点介绍热箱处热辐射的计算方法,对比真实边界条件模型与工程简化模型的热分析结果,证明工程中合理简化是可行的,建议采用真实边界条件以获得更准确的结果。

Double diffusive magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transfer of nanofluids over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking sheet with viscous-Ohmic dissipation and thermal radiation

The study of magnetohydrodynamic(MUD)convective heat and mass transfer near a stagnation-point flow over stretching/shrinking sheet of nanofluids is presented in this paper by considering thermal radiation,Ohmic heating,viscous dissipation and heat source/sink parameter effects.Non-similarity method is adopted for the governing basic equations before they are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method using shooting technique.The numerical results are validated by comparing the present results with previously published results.The focus of this paper is to study the effects of some selected governing parameters such as Richardson number,radiation parameter,Schimdt number,Eckert number and magnetic parameter on velocity,temperature and concentration profiles as well as on skin-friction coefficient,local Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Numerical Study of Convective and Radiation Heat Transfer Characteristics in an Upward-Facing Cylindrical Cavity under Back-Side Windy Condition

Under the back-side windy condition,the convection and radiation heat transfer characteristics in an iso-flux upward-facing cylindrical cavity were studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation.The impacts of cavity tilt angle,wind incident angle and wind speed on convection and radiation heat transfer Nusselt number Nuc and Nur were analyzed,and the possible explanations for their impacts were presented.Results show that due to the disturbance of wind,the influence of cavity tilt angle becomes more complicated and is related to wind incident angle and wind speed.The variation of Nuc or Nur with wind incident angle is different for different cavity tilt angles.Despite of the changes of cavity tilt angle or wind incident angle,the Nuc increases with the wind speed while the Nur presents a declination with the increasing of wind speed.Hence,compared with cavity tilt angle and wind incident angle,wind speed may be the dominant factor affecting or controlling the convective and radiation heat transfer of cavity.

Experimental study of primary and secondary side coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system in AP1000

Passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX),which is a newly designed equipment in the advanced reactors of AP1000 and CAP1400,plays an important role in critical accidental conditions.The primary and secondary side coupling heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system(PRHRS)determine the capacity to remove core decay heat during the accidents.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and develop applicable heat transfer formulas for optimized design.In the present paper,an overall scaled-down natural circulation loop of PRHRS in AP1000,which comprises a scaleddown in-containment refueling water storage tank(IRWST)and PRHR HX models and a simulator of the reactor core,is built to simulate the natural circulation process in residual heat removal accidents.A series of experiments are conducted to study thermal-hydraulic behaviors in both sides of the miniaturized PRHR HX which is simulated by 12 symmetric arranged C-shape tubes.For the local PRHR HX heat transfer performance,traditional natural convection correlations for both the horizontal and vertical bundles are compared with the experimental data to validate their applicability for the specific heat transfer condition.Moreover,the revised natural convection heat transfer correlations based on the present experimental data are developed for PRHR HX vertical and lower horizontal bundles.This paper provides essential references for the PRHRS operation and further optimized design.

A Coupled Discrete Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Convection Heat Transfer in Porous Media

In this paper,the discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme(DUGKS)is extended to the convection heat transfer in porous media at representative elementary volume(REV)scale,where the changes of velocity and temperature fields are described by two kinetic equations.The effects from the porous medium are incorporated into the method by including the porosity into the equilibrium distribution function,and adding a resistance force in the kinetic equation for the velocity field.The proposed method is systematically validated by several canonical cases,including the mixed convection in porous channel,the natural convection in porous cavity,and the natural convection in a cavity partially filled with porous media.The numerical results are in good agreement with the benchmark solutions and the available experimental data.It is also shown that the coupled DUGKS yields a second-order accuracy in both temporal and spatial spaces.