A Neuro-fuzzy-sliding Mode Controller Using Nonlinear Sliding Surface Applied to the Coupled Tanks System

The aim of this paper is to develop a neuro-fuzzy-sliding mode controller （NFSMC） with a nonlinear sliding surface for a coupled tank system. The main purpose is to eliminate the chattering phenomenon and to overcome the problem of the equivalent control computation. A first-order nonlinear sliding surface is presented, on which the developed sliding mode controller （SMC） is based. Mathematical proof for the stability and convergence of the system is presented. In order to reduce the chattering in SMC, a fixed boundary layer around the switch surface is used. Within the boundary layer, where the fuzzy logic control is applied, the chattering phenomenon, which is inherent in a sliding mode control, is avoided by smoothing the switch signal. Outside the boundary, the sliding mode control is applied to drive the system states into the boundary layer. Moreover, to compute the equivalent controller, a feed-forward neural network （NN） is used. The weights of the net are updated such that the corrective control term of the NFSMC goes to zero. Then, this NN also alleviates the chattering phenomenon because a big gain in the corrective control term produces a more serious chattering than a small gain. Experimental studies carried out on a coupled tank system indicate that the proposed approach is good for control applications.

An Expanded Optimal Control Policy for a Coupled Tanks System with Random Disturbance

In this paper, an expanded optimal control policy is proposed to study the coupled tanks system, where the random disturbance is added into the system. Since the dynamics of the coupled tanks system can be formulated as a nonlinear system, determination of the optimal water level in the tanks is useful for the operation decision. On this point of view, the coupled tanks system dynamics is usually linearized to give the steady state operating height. In our approach, a model-based optimal control problem, which is adding with adjusted parameters, is considered to obtain the true operating height of the real coupled tanks system. During the computation procedure, the differences between the real plant and the model used are measured repeatedly, where the optimal solution of the model used is updated. On this basis, system optimization and parameter estimation are integrated. At the end of the iteration, the iterative solution approximates to the correct optimal solution of the original optimal control problem, in spite of model-reality differences. In conclusion, the efficiency of the approach proposed is shown.

Numerical Simulation of the Seismic Response of a Horizontal Storage Tank Based on a SPH-FEM Coupling Method

A coupled numerical calculation method combining smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)and the finite element method(FEM)was implemented to investigate the seismic response of horizontal storage tanks.Anumericalmodel of a horizontal storage tank featuring a free liquid surface under seismic action was constructed using the SPH–FEM coupling method.The stored liquid was discretized using SPH particles,while the tank and supports were discretized using the FEM.The interaction between the stored liquid and the tank was simulated by using the meshless particle contact method.Then,the numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed against seismic simulation shaking table test data to validate the method.Subsequently,a series of numerical models,considering different liquid storage volumes and seismic effects,were constructed to obtain time history data of base shear and top center displacement,which revealed the seismic performance of horizontal storage tanks.Numerical simulation results and experimental data showed good agreement,with an error rate of less than 18.85%.And this conformity signifies the rationality of the SPH-FEM coupling method.The base shear and top center displacement values obtained by the coupled SPH-FEM method were only 53.3% to 69.1% of those calculated by the equivalent mass method employed in the current code.As the stored liquid volume increased,the seismic response of the horizontal storage tank exhibited a gradual upward trend,with the seismic response increasing from 73% to 388% for every 35% increase in stored liquid volume.The maximum von Mises stress of the tank and the supports remained below the steel yield strength during the earthquake.The coupled SPH-FEM method holds certain advantages in studying the seismic problems of tanks with complex structural forms,particularly due to the representation of the flow field distribution during earthquakes by involving reservoir fluid participation.

Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Ship Motion and Tank Sloshing under the Effect of Regular Waves

Predicting the response of liquefied natural gas(LNG)contained in vessels subjected to external waves is extremely important to ensure the safety of the transportation process.In this study,the coupled behavior due to ship motion and liquid tank sloshing has been simulated by the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)method.Firstly,the sloshing flow in a rectangular tank was simulated and the related loads were analyzed to verify and validate the accuracy of the present SPH solver.Then,a three-dimensional simplified LNG carrier model,including two prismatic liquid tanks and a wave tank,was introduced.Different conditions were examined corresponding to different wave lengths,wave heights,wave heading angles,and tank loading rates.Finally,the effects of liquid tank loading rate on LNG ship motions and sloshing loading were analyzed,thereby showing that the SPH method can effectively provide useful indications for the design of liquid cargo ships.

Key technology and application of AB_(2) hydrogen storage alloy in fuel cell hydrogen supply system

At present,there is limited research on the application of fuel cell power generation system technology using solid hydrogen storage materials,especially in hydrogen-assisted two-wheelers.Considering the disadvantages of low hydrogen storage capacity and poor kinetics of hydrogen storage materials,our primary focus is to achieve smooth hydrogen ab-/desorption over a wide temperature range to meet the requirements of fuel cells and their integrated power generation systems.In this paper,the Ti_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)Mn_(1.45)V_(0.4)Fe_(0.15) hydrogen storage alloy was successfully prepared by arc melting.The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reaches 1.89 wt% at 318 K.The alloy has the capability to absorb 90% of hydrogen storage capacity within 50 s at 7 MPa and release 90% of hydrogen within 220 s.Comsol Multiphysics 6.0 software was used to simulate the hydrogen ab-/desorption processes of the tank.The flow rate of cooling water during hydrogen absorption varied in a gradient of(0.02 t x)m s^(-1)(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12).Cooling water flow rate is positively correlated with the hydrogen absorption rate but negatively correlated with the cost.When the cooling rate is 0.06 m s^(-1),both simulation and experimentation have shown that the hydrogen storage tank is capable of steady hydrogen desorption for over 6 h at a flow rate of 2 L min^(-1).Based on the above conclusions,we have successfully developed a hydrogen-assisted two-wheeler with a range of 80 km and achieved regional demonstration operations in Changzhou and Shaoguan.This paper highlights the achievements of our team in the technological development of fuel cell power generation systems using solid hydrogen storage materials as hydrogen storage carriers and their application in twowheelers in recent years.

Sliding Mode Control of Coupled Tank Systems Using Conditional Integrators

For the problem of set point regulation of the liquid level in coupled tank systems, we present a continuous sliding mode control(SMC) with a "conditional integrator", which only provides integral action inside the boundary layer. For a special choice of the controller parameters, our design can be viewed as a PID controller with anti-windup and achieves robust regulation.The proposed controller recovers the transient response performance without control chattering. Both full-state feedback as well as output-feedback designs are presented in this work. Our output-feedback design uses a high-gain observer(HGO) which recovers the performance of a state-feedback design where plant parameters are assumed to be known. We consider both interacting as well as non-interacting tanks and analytical results for stability and transient performance are presented in both the cases. The proposed controller continuous SMC with conditional integrators(CSMCCI) provides superior results in terms of the performance measures as well as performance indices than ideal SMC, continuous SMC(CSMC) and continuous SMC with conventional integrator(CSMCI). Experimental results demonstrate good tracking performance in spite of unmodeled dynamics and disturbances.

Bifurcation of elastic tank-liquid coupled sloshing system

The nonlinear equations of an elastic tank-liquid coupling system subjected to the external excitation are established.By means of the multi-scale method and the singularity theory,the bifurcation behaviors of the system are investigated and analyzed.The various nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the coupling system are obtained,which can further explain the relationship between the physical parameters and the bifurcation solutions.The results provide a theoretical basis to the realization of the parameter optimal control.

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing in Rectangular Storage Tank Using Coupled FEM-BEM

Sloshing of liquid can increase the dynamic pressure on the storage sidewalls and bottom in tanker ships and LNG careers. Different geometric shapes were suggested for storage tank to minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter. In this research, a numerical code was developed to model liquid sloshing in a rectangular partially filled tank. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, Laplace equation and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are solved using coupled FEM-BEM. The code performance for sloshing modeling is validated against available data. To minimize the sloshing pressure on tank perimeter, rectangular tanks with specific volumes and different aspect ratios were investigated and the best aspect ratios were suggested. The results showed that the rectangular tank with suggested aspect ratios, not only has a maximum surrounded tank volume to the constant available volume, but also reduces the sloshing pressure efficiently.

智库与参政党职能有效耦合的现实图景与未来展望——以民盟启真智库为例

[目的/意义]在中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度背景下,我国参政党参政议政职能实现程度,是其与中国特色新型智库有效耦合的着力点,也是新时代中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要考量因素。[方法/过程]本文探讨智库赋能参政党的理论依据,构建基于政策网络理论的分析框架,以民盟启真智库为研究案例,剖析智库与参政党职能有效耦合的内在机理。[结果/结论]研究发现,智库在助力参政党履行参政议政职能方面有着不可替代的优势,而参政党可在一定程度上弥补智库功能发挥的制约性因素,两者基于基本原则、智力供给方式与影响渠道等的方向一致性,呈现出“嵌入式”耦合模式,并有望通过增强协作关系、打破体制障碍、打造品牌产品等方面从嵌入式模式转化为合作伙伴关系模式进而提升两者耦合效应。

核电工程异形水箱流固耦合分布式参数模型与效用研究

在流固耦合动力分析领域,传统的Housner模型在工程设计中发挥重要作用。但其理论推导仅适用于规则水箱,采用集中质量总体模型描述液体晃动的整体效应,难以有效模拟异形水箱储液结构的局部精细响应,亟须建立适用于不规则水体晃荡的分布式附加质量模型。基于势流理论推导了一种模态综合法模型,实现了分布质量与储液器壁激振加速度的解耦。该模型能够有效剥离分布式的脉冲质量与对流质量;同时,实体网格的振型分析适用于任意形状水体的动力分析。通过算例的形式将该模型与精细声学-结构耦合(Acoustic-Structural coupling,CAS)模拟法进行了比较,验证了模型的精确性与可靠性。最后,基于本文的模型研究了核电异形的安全水箱在不同水位和减晃格栅分布下的动力响应规律,并检验了其在工程中的适用性。

基于实测数据立式热水储能罐罐壁力学特性分析

为掌握立式储能罐结构的受力特征,基于某30 000 m~3立式热水储能罐项目,依托远程监测技术采集了运行状态下罐壁应力和温度数据,将采集结果与考虑罐底摩擦接触约束建立的有限元模型分析结果进行比较,验证了此有限元模拟方法的合理性;依托实测温度数据,研究了立式储能罐罐壁热力耦合作用下罐壁位移以及应力分布规律。结果表明:罐壁底部和顶部为温度影响敏感区域,温度升高,使其产生压应力;对于环向应力,在底部受温度荷载影响较顶部更显著;而对于竖向应力,影响主要是罐壁底部;温度对罐壁变形影响较大,在空罐时,最大位移位置出现在罐壁最顶端;而满罐时最大变形位置出现在中上部的位置,温度作用大于静水压力对罐壁变形的影响。

储罐内浮盘受力变形的流固耦合数值模拟

为提高浮盘在储罐中的安全性,通过ANSYS Workbench中的ICEM CFD、FLUENT平台,根据三明治夹芯板理论来等效浮盘的蜂窝板结构,同时使用流固耦合的方法研究浮盘在卡盘工况下,液体密度不同、防转装置处于不同位置以及蜂窝的正六边形边长对浮盘受力变形的影响。结果表明:浮盘表面的压力与浮盘的变形量随着液体密度的增大而增加;在一定的范围内,浮盘的总变形量随着防转装置距离浮盘边缘距离的增大呈现先增大再减少的状态;当蜂窝正六边形边长从5 mm增加到40 mm时,浮盘的变形量逐渐增大,在防转装置距离浮盘边缘2.25 m时,浮盘在四周约束的变形量大于在防转装置卡顿下的变形量,大约相差2 cm。可见,通过改变防转装置的位置以及缩小浮盘蜂窝正六边形的边长可以减小浮盘的变形。

基于N-K模型的石化储罐事故风险耦合度分析

为预防石化储罐事故,通过收集212份石化储罐事故报告,将事故风险因素归纳为人为、设备、环境、管理4个类别,利用N-K模型分析事故风险因素之间的耦合作用,并运用N-K模型计算各种耦合模式下的风险耦合度,得出了石化储罐事故风险因素的耦合关系及耦合作用规律。结果表明,随着参与耦合的因素增多,风险耦合值总体呈现上升趋势;人为因素与其它因素耦合更容易导致事故;石化储罐区事故各风险因素之间的耦合作用程度相比其它行业更高。研究结果可为石化企业储罐事故管控提供依据和参考。

典型储液类结构流-固耦合问题的扩展研究

为了明晰流体与固体耦合力学机理及其相互作用力,本文以典型储液类流固耦合问题为研究对象,综合应用变积方法、Lagrange乘子法和对合变换法,建立了非保守流固耦合问题的一类变量和二类变量的拟变分原理。经推导其驻值条件得到一类变量和二类变量流固耦合问题的控制方程。应用Lagrange乘子表示流固耦合界面处耦合因子,分别给出应用流体力学变量和固体力学变量表达的耦合因子。将拟变分原理应用于有限元素法,建立了流-固耦合动力学的协调元和杂交元计算模型。本文对流固耦合问题的变分方法发展和提高计算效率具有重要作用。

铝管与泡沫层胶接结构脱黏缺陷的空气耦合超声检测

针对铝管与泡沫隔热层胶接结构脱黏缺陷的检测问题,开展了检测技术研究和脱黏缺陷类型分析。根据胶接结构的特点,制作了人工缺陷试样,使用空气耦合超声穿透法进行C扫描成像检测,并对扫描发现的异常区域进行微焦点CT检测分析,归纳了脱黏缺陷的类型及其成因。试验结果表明,空气耦合超声穿透法能有效检出材料中的脱黏缺陷,脱黏缺陷的成因包括型面不贴合引起胶层未填满和胶层内空气未完全排出产生了间隙层。

大型混凝土储液罐考虑穹顶效应的动力响应研究

简化力学模型是大型储罐抗震设计的重要依据。在以往的研究中,对于大型储罐的简化模型多不考虑穹顶对结构体系动力响应的影响。该文推导了考虑穹顶作用的简化模型,对某30万方的混凝土储罐进行了数值计算,并与Housner模型进行对比,给出了动水压力的截断位置;使用振型分解法对高阶振型进行解耦,验证了高阶振型对储罐结构动力响应的影响;对比了考虑穹顶作用的简化力学模型与忽略穹顶作用的简化力学模型的储罐结构动力响应。研究表明:动水压力至少在第三项截断,形函数采用第二阶悬臂梁振型,并至少叠加一阶振型时,可保证结构的计算精度,忽略穹顶的作用会高估结构的基底剪力和倾覆力矩。

行进间坦克炮控系统动力学建模与稳定控制

考虑行进间坦克炮控系统受路面颠簸引起的外界扰动和炮控系统工作时火炮俯仰运动不平衡力矩影响,基于第二类Lagrange方法建立行进间坦克炮控系统两轴耦合2自由度动力学模型。针对炮控系统的实际受力和运动状态,建立方位向和高低向驱动系统含有永磁同步电机以及传动机构分别含有齿轮减速箱与滚柱丝杠的行进间坦克炮控系统机电耦合动力学模型。为快速抑制行进间坦克炮控系统内外扰动对目标稳定跟踪的影响,基于非奇异快速终端滑模控制律和线性扩张状态观测器设计具有有限时间收敛特性的行进间坦克稳定跟踪控制器。根据行进间坦克炮控系统对目标的稳定跟踪过程计算炮控系统稳定精度和到位时间,并在不同工况下与传统控制方法进行对比。研究结果表明,新方法响应速度快、抗干扰能力强、稳定精度高,验证了控制器设计的有效性。

含内部件加筋储液罐流固耦合动响应研究

为研究加筋储液罐动特性及其在地震载荷下动响应行为,采用缩比实验与声固耦合方法对不同液面高度下加筋储液罐动特性开展了测试与计算分析;建立了“非完全”锚固条件下含有内部件加筋储液罐的有限元模型,数值分析了不同液面高度下加筋储液罐动特性、地震荷载下动响应及罐底相对基础的提离现象,揭示了内部件对储液罐流固耦合动响应的影响规律。结果表明,随着液面的升高,系统的固有频率呈现下降的趋势,且在某些液面高度时液体对于罐壁结构刚化效应大于其作为附加质量的效应;在地震载荷作用下储液罐的下半部结构承受着更大的动应力,罐内液体抑制了内部件的摆动以及罐底相对地面的提离,且随着液面升高,液体对罐中心位置内部件的摆动和罐底提离具有更加明显的抑制作用。研究方法与结果对于水平地震载荷作用下储液罐结构的安全设计具有重要参考价值。

基于DCIF-GAN的肺部肿瘤PET/CT跨模态医学图像融合

基于生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network,GAN)的医学图像融合是计算机辅助诊断领域的研究热点之一,但是现有基于GAN的融合方法存在训练不稳定,提取图像的局部和全局上下文语义信息能力不足,交互融合程度不够等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了双耦合交互式融合GAN(Dual-Coupled Interactive Fusion GAN,DCIFGAN)。首先,设计了双生成器双鉴别器GAN,通过权值共享机制实现生成器之间和鉴别器之间的耦合,通过全局自注意力机制实现交互式融合;第二,设计耦合CNN-Transformer的特征提取模块(Coupled CNN-Transformer Feature Extraction Module,CC-TFEM)和特征重构模块(CNN-Transformer Feature Reconstruction Module,C-TFRM),提升了对同一模态图像内部的局部和全局特征信息提取能力;第三,设计跨模态交互式融合模块(Cross Model Intermodal Fusion Module,CMIFM),通过跨模态自注意力机制,进一步整合不同模态间的全局交互信息。为了验证本文模型的有效性,在肺部肿瘤PET/CT医学图像数据集上进行实验,该文方法在平均梯度,空间频率,结构相似度,标准差,峰值信噪比,信息熵等上与其他四种方法中最优方法相比,分别提高了1.38%,0.39%,29.05%,30.23%,0.18%,4.63%。模型能够突出病变区域信息,融合图像结构清晰且纹理细节丰富。

不同起爆条件下双钢壁LNG储罐抗爆性能分析

由于双钢壁储罐具有建造周期短、投资小等优点,在LNG储存中应用越来越广泛,但其易在外罐受到外部冲击时引发内罐的破坏。为了分析储罐在不同外爆载荷条件下的破坏行为,以双钢壁LNG储罐为研究对象,考虑内、外罐及保冷材料之间的载荷传递与相互作用,建立了外罐-保冷材料-内罐多介质的多相耦合有限元模型,并对多影响因素下储罐在外爆载荷作用下的破坏进行了分析,探究其抗爆性能。结果表明:在外爆载荷作用下,内、外罐从迎爆面中心向内凹陷直至发生破坏,最大应力均在迎爆面中心,且越靠近中心应力值越大;内、外罐材料均先达到屈服强度后发生塑性变形,随后达到失效应变值并发生破坏;与外罐相比,内罐发生破坏的时间晚42.9%,变形范围和破坏范围分别小12.3%、6.7%;储罐的抗爆性能随着储存液位的升高和罐体容积的增大而增强,随着起爆位置从罐壁中心向上、下两侧移动而提高,在罐壁中心起爆时储罐的破坏程度最大。该研究成果可为双钢壁LNG储罐的设计和储存液位的控制等方面提供理论参考依据。