Numerical Simulation of the Seismic Response of a Horizontal Storage Tank Based on a SPH-FEM Coupling Method

A coupled numerical calculation method combining smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)and the finite element method(FEM)was implemented to investigate the seismic response of horizontal storage tanks.Anumericalmodel of a horizontal storage tank featuring a free liquid surface under seismic action was constructed using the SPH–FEM coupling method.The stored liquid was discretized using SPH particles,while the tank and supports were discretized using the FEM.The interaction between the stored liquid and the tank was simulated by using the meshless particle contact method.Then,the numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed against seismic simulation shaking table test data to validate the method.Subsequently,a series of numerical models,considering different liquid storage volumes and seismic effects,were constructed to obtain time history data of base shear and top center displacement,which revealed the seismic performance of horizontal storage tanks.Numerical simulation results and experimental data showed good agreement,with an error rate of less than 18.85%.And this conformity signifies the rationality of the SPH-FEM coupling method.The base shear and top center displacement values obtained by the coupled SPH-FEM method were only 53.3% to 69.1% of those calculated by the equivalent mass method employed in the current code.As the stored liquid volume increased,the seismic response of the horizontal storage tank exhibited a gradual upward trend,with the seismic response increasing from 73% to 388% for every 35% increase in stored liquid volume.The maximum von Mises stress of the tank and the supports remained below the steel yield strength during the earthquake.The coupled SPH-FEM method holds certain advantages in studying the seismic problems of tanks with complex structural forms,particularly due to the representation of the flow field distribution during earthquakes by involving reservoir fluid participation.

Free Vibration Analysis of Rectangular Plate with Cutouts under Elastic Boundary Conditions in Independent Coordinate Coupling Method

Based on Kirchhoff plate theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz method,the model for free vibration of rectangular plate with rectangular cutouts under arbitrary elastic boundary conditions is established by using the improved Fourier series in combination with the independent coordinate coupling method(ICCM).The effect of the cutout is taken into account by subtracting the energies of the cutouts from the total energies of the whole plate.The vibration displacement function of the hole domain is based on the coordinate system of the hole domain in this method.From the continuity condition of the vibration displacement function at the cutout,the transition matrix between the two coordinate systems is constructed,and the mass and stiffness matrices are completely obtained.As a result,the calculation is simplified and the computational efficiency of the solution is improved.In this paper,numerical examples and modal experiments are presented to validate the effectiveness of the modeling methods,and parameters related to influencing factors of the rectangular plate are analyzed to study the vibration characteristics.

Coupling methods of global climate models and regional climate models

The future climate dynamical downscaling method is that output of general circulation models( GCMs) is employed to provide initial conditions,lateral boundary conditions,sea surface temperatures,and initial land surface conditions to regional climate models( RCMs). There are two methods of downscaling: offline coupling and online coupling. The two kinds of coupling methods are described in detail by coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting model( WRF) with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric General Circulation Model Version 4. 0( IAP AGCM4. 0) in the study. And the extreme precipitation event over Beijing on July 212012 is simulated by using the two coupling methods. Results show that online coupling method is of great value in improving the model simulation. Furthermore,the data exchange frequency of online coupling has some effect on simulation result.

SIMUUTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TUBE BULGING BASED ON LOOSE COUPLING METHOD

A loose coupling method is used to solve the electromagnetic tube bulging. ANSYS/ EMAG is used to model the time varying electromagnetic field with the discharge current used as excitation, in order to obtain the radial and axial magnetic pressure acting on the tube, the magnetic pressure is then used as boundary conditions to model the high velocity deformation of tube with DYNAFORM, The radial magnetic pressure on the tube decreases from the center to the tube end, axial magnetic pressure is greater near the location equal to the coil height and slight in the other region. The radial displacement of deformed workpicces is distributed uniformly near the tube center and decreases from the center to the end; Deformation from the location equal to coil height to the tube end is little. This distribution is consistent with the distribution of radial pressure; Effect of the axial magnetic pressure on deformation can be ignored, The calculated results show well agreements with the experimental results.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

AN ADAPTIVE EFG-FE COUPLING METHOD FOR THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF EXTRUSION PROCESSES

An adaptive EFG-FE coupling method is proposed and developed for the numerical simulation of lateral extrusion and forward-backward extrusion. Initially, the simulation has been implemented by using a conventional FE model. During the deforming process, mesh quality is checked at every incremental step. Distorted elements are automatically converted to EFG nodes, whereas, the less distorted elements are reserved. A new algorithm to generate EFG nodes and interface elements is presented. This method is capable of dealing with large deformation and has higher computational efficiency than using an EFG method wholly. Numerical results demonstrate that the adaptive EFG-FE coupling method has reasonable accuracy and is effective for local bulk metal forming such as extrusion processes.

Structural Parameter Analyses on Rotor Airloads with New Type Blade-Tip Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method

For accurate aeroelastic analysis,the unsteady rotor flowfield is solved by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)module based on RANS/Euler equations and moving-embedded grid system,while computational structural dynamics(CSD)module is introduced to handle blade flexibility.In CFD module,dual time-stepping algorithm is employed in temporal discretization,Jameson two-order central difference(JST)scheme is adopted in spatial discretization and B-L turbulent model is used to illustrate the viscous effect.The CSD module is developed based on Hamilton′s variational principles and moderate deflection beam theory.Grid deformation is implemented using algebraic method through coordinate transformations to achieve deflections with high quality and efficiency.A CFD/CSD loose coupling strategy is developed to transfer information between rotor flowfield and blade structure.The CFD and the CSD modules are verified seperately.Then the CFD/CSD loose coupling is adopted in airloads prediction of UH-60A rotor under high speed forward flight condition.The calculated results agree well with test data.Finally,effects of torsional stiffness properties on airloads of rotors with different tip swept angles(from 10° forward to 30° backward)are investigated.The results are evaluated through pressure distribution and airloads variation,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn the moderated shock wave strength and pressure gradient caused by varied tip swept angle and structural properties.

Research on the cuttings discharge in air cushion chamber of slurry shield based on CFD-DEM coupling method Author links open overlay panel

The rapid discharge of cuttings from the air cushion chamber is crucial for the construction safety and excavation efficiency of the slurry shield.Previous studies have mainly focused on the transport characteristics of cuttings in the slurry discharge pipe,while the complete process of cuttings entering the slurry discharge pipe from the air cushion chamber until they are discharged was often overlooked.Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method and combined with actual engineering,this paper established a numerical model that can more completely reflect the cuttings discharge process during slurry shield tunneling,and the effects of the slurry velocity at slurry gate and scouring pipes,inclination angle of slurry discharge pipe,cuttings diameter and shape coefficient were investigated by analyzing the variation in the mass flow rate,mass of discharged cuttings,and discharged ratio.The results revealed that increasing the slurry velocity can promote the discharge of cuttings.To keep the discharged rate at a high level,it is recommended that the slurry velocity at the slurry gate should be greater than 0.15 m/s.Reducing the inclination angle of the discharge pipe is conducive to the rapid discharge of cuttings.Cuttings with large diameter or small shape coefficient are more prone to accumulate in the air cushion chamber and cause clogging risk.The research results not only help to improve engineers'understanding of cuttings discharge in slurry shield,but also provide practical guidance for formulating relevant construction measures.

Coupling of RANS and BEM Solvers for Simulation of Propeller Behind the Hull in Full Appended Model

To design a propeller for ship power plant,the interaction between ship hull and propeller must be taken into account.The main concern is to apply the wake effect of ship stern on the propeller performance.In this paper,a coupled BEM(Boundary Element Method)/RANS(Renolds-Averaged Navier−Stokes)solver is used to simulate propeller behind the hull in the self-propulsion test.The motivation of this work is to develop a practical tool to design marine propulsion system without suffering long computational time.An unsteady boundary element method which is also known as panel method is chosen to estimate the propeller forces.Propeller wakes are treated using a time marching wake alignment method.Also,a RANS code coupled with VoF equation is developed to consider the ship motions and wake field effects in the problem.A coupling algorithm is developed to interchange ship wake field to the potential flow solver and propeller thrust to the RANS code.Based on the difference between hull resistance and the propeller thrust,a PI controller is developed to compute the propeller RPM in every time step.Verification of the solver is carried out using the towing tank test report of a 50 m oceanography research vessel.Wake factor and trust deduction coefficient are estimated numerically.Also,the wake rollup pattern of the propeller in open water is compared with the propeller in real wake field.

Numerical simulation study on the mold strength of magnetic mold casting based on a coupled electromagnetic-structural method

The properties of the magnetic mold in magnetic mold casting directly determine the quality of the final cast parts.In this study,the magnetic mold properties in magnetic mold casting,were studied utilizing a coupled electromagnetic-structural method through numerical simulation.This study investigated key factors including equivalent stress,the distribution of tensile and compressive stresses,and the area ratio of tensile stress.It compared molds made entirely of magnetic materials with those made partially of magnetic materials.Simulation results indicate that as current increases from 4 A to 8 A,both the initial magnetic mold and the material-replaced magnetic mold initially show an increasing trend in equivalent stress,tensile-compressive stress,and the area ratio of tensile stress,peaking at 6 A before declining.After material replacement,the area ratio of tensile stress at 6 A decreases to 19.84%,representing a reduction of 29.72%.Magnetic molds comprising a combination of magnetic and non-magnetic materials exhibit sufficient strength and a reduced area ratio of tensile stress compared to those made entirely from magnetic materials.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing magnetic mold casting processes and offers practical guidance for advancing the application of magnetic molds.

A Model Coupling Method for Shape Prediction

The shape of strip is calculated by iterative method which combines strip plastic deformation model with rolls elastic deformation model through their calculation results, which can be called results coupling method. Be- cause the shape and rolling force distribution are very sensitive to strip thickness transverse distribution% variation, the iterative course is rather unstable and sometimes convergence cannot be achieved. In addition, the calculating speed of results coupling method is low, which restricts its usable range. To solve the problem, a new model cou- pling method is developed, which takes the force distribution between rolls, rolling force distribution and strip＇s exit transverse displacement distribution as basic unknowns, and integrates strip plastic deformation model and rolls elas- tic deformation model as a unified linear equations through their internal relation, so the iterative calculation between the strip plastic deformation model and rolls elastic deformation model can be avoided. To prove the effectiveness of the model coupling method, two examples are calculated by results coupling method and model coupling method re- spectively. The results of front tension stress, back tension stress, strip^s exit gauge, the force between rolls and rolling force distribution calculated by model coupling method coincide very well with results coupling method. How- ever the calculation course of model coupling method is more steady than results coupling method, and its calculating speed is about ten times as much as the maximal speed of results coupling method, which validates its practicability and reliability.

A coupled Legendre-Laguerre polynomial method with analytical integration for the Rayleigh waves in a quasicrystal layered half-space with an imperfect interface

The Laguerre polynomial method has been successfully used to investigate the dynamic responses of a half-space.However,it fails to obtain the correct stress at the interfaces in a layered half-space,especially when there are significant differences in material properties.Therefore,a coupled Legendre-Laguerre polynomial method with analytical integration is proposed.The Rayleigh waves in a one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)layered half-space with an imperfect interface are investigated.The correctness is validated by comparison with available results.Its computation efficiency is analyzed.The dispersion curves of the phase velocity,displacement distributions,and stress distributions are illustrated.The effects of the phonon-phason coupling and imperfect interface coefficients on the wave characteristics are investigated.Some novel findings reveal that the proposed method is highly efficient for addressing the Rayleigh waves in a QC layered half-space.It can save over 99%of the computation time.This method can be expanded to investigate waves in various layered half-spaces,including earth-layered media and surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices.

Adaptive finite element-element-free Galerkin coupling method for bulk metal forming processes

An adaptive finite element-element-free Galerkin (FE-EFG) coupling method is proposed and developed for the numerical simulation of bulk metal forming processes. This approach is able to adaptively convert distorted FE elements to EFG domain in analysis. A new scheme to implement adaptive conversion and coupling is presented. The coupling method takes both advantages of finite element method (FEM) and meshless methods. It is capable of handling large deformations with no need of remeshing procedures, while it is computationally more efficient than those full meshless methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with the numerical simulations of the bulk metal forming processes including forging and extrusion.

Gradient estimates for nonlinear diffusion semigroups by coupling methods

In this paper, we obtain gradient estimates for certain nonlinear partial differential equations by coupling methods. First, we derive uniform gradient estimates for certain semi-linear PDEs based on the coupling method introduced by Wang in 2011 and the theory of backward SDEs. Then we generalize Wang's coupling to the G-expectation space and obtain gradient estimates for nonlinear diffusion semigroups, which correspond to the solutions of certain fully nonlinear PDEs.

Superquadric DEM-SPH coupling method for interaction between non-spherical granular materials and fluids

The research on the coupling method of non-spherical granular materials and fluids aims to predict the particle-fluid interaction in this study.A coupling method based on superquadric elements is developed to describe the interaction between non-spherical solid particles and fluids.The discrete element method(DEM)and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)are adopted to simulate granular materials and fluids.The repulsive force model is adopted to calculate the coupling force and then a contact detection method is established for the interaction between the superquadric element and the fluid particle.The contact detection method captures the shape of superquadric element and calculates the distance from the fluid particle to the surface of superquadric element.Simulation cases focusing on the coupling force model,energy transfer,and large-scale calculations have been implemented to verify the validity of the proposed coupling method.The coupling force model accurately represents the water entry process of a spherical solid particle,and reasonably reflects the difference of solid particles with different shapes.In the water entry process of multiple solid particles,the total energy of the water entry process of multiple solid particles tends to be stable.The collapse process of the partially submerged granular column is simulated and analyzed under different parameters.Therefore,this coupling method is suitable to simulate fluid-particle systems containing solid particles with multiple shapes.

Coupling between finite element method and material point method for problems with extreme deformation

As a Lagrangian meshless method, the material point method （MPM） is suitable for dynamic problems with extreme deformation, but its efficiency and accuracy are not as good as that of the finite element method （FEM） for small deformation problems. Therefore, an algorithm for the coupling of FEM and MPM is proposed to take advantages of both methods. Furthermore, a conversion scheme of elements to particles is developed. Hence, the material domain is firstly discretized by finite elements, and then the distorted elements are automatically converted into MPM particles to avoid element entanglement. The interaction between finite elements and MPM particles is implemented based on the background grid in MPM framework. Numerical results are in good agreement with that of both FEM and MPM

THE COUPLING METHOD OF FINITE ELEMENTS AND BOUNDARY ELEMENTS FOR RADIATION PROBLEM

The paper presents the variational formulation and well posedness of the coupling method offinite elements and boundary elements for radiation problem. The convergence and optimal errorestimate for the approximate solution and numerical experiment are provided.

Parametric study of a new HOS-CFD coupling method

This paper presents a developed new coupled method which combined our in-house CFD solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU and naoe-FOAM-os with a potential theory High Order Spectral method(HOS).A parametric study of nonlinear wave propagation in computational fluid dynamics(CFD)zone is considered.Mesh convergence,time step convergence,time discretization scheme and length of relaxation zone are all carried out.Those parametric studies verify the steady of this new combined method and give better choice for wave propagation.The dissipation in propagation of nonlinear regular wave can be lower than 3%in static mesh,and less than 2%in overset grid mesh.Meanwhile,a LNG FPSO is put into the viscous wave tank to study the suitable size of CFD zone.To achieve a better solution with least calculating resources and best numerical results,the length of CFD zone is discussed.These parametric studies can give reference upon employment of the potential-viscous coupled method and validation of the coupled method.

STOKES COUPLING METHOD FOR THE EXTERIOR FLOW PART Ⅰ:APPROXIMATE ACCURACY

1.IntroductionLetΩ0beasimply-connectedboundedopensetofR2withthesmoothboundaryΓandletΩdenotethecomplementofΩ0Γ,wheretheoriginofcoordinatesislocatedintheinteriorofΩ0.InQ+=Ω×R+,weconsiderthefollowinginitial-boundaryvalueproblemoftheNavier-Stokes...

Comparison of the interface reaction behaviors of CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) solid-state systems based on the diffusion couple method

The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.