Deployment optimization for target perpetual coverage in energy harvesting wireless sensor network

Energy limitation of traditional Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)greatly confines the network lifetime due to generating and processing massive sensing data with a limited battery.The energy harvesting WSN is a novel network architecture to address the limitation of traditional WSN.However,existing coverage and deployment schemes neglect the environmental correlation of sensor nodes and external energy with respect to physical space.Comprehensively considering the spatial correlation of the environment and the uneven distribution of energy in energy harvesting WSN,we investigate how to deploy a collection of sensor nodes to save the deployment cost while ensuring the target perpetual coverage.The Confident Information Coverage(CIC)model is adopted to formulate the CIC Minimum Deployment Cost Target Perpetual Coverage(CICMTP)problem to minimize the deployed sensor nodes.As the CICMTP is NP-hard,we devise two approximation algorithms named Local Greedy Threshold Algorithm based on CIC(LGTA-CIC)and Overall Greedy Search Algorithm based on CIC(OGSA-CIC).The LGTA-CIC has a low time complexity and the OGSA-CIC has a better approximation rate.Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the OGSA-CIC is able to achieve lower deployment cost and the performance of the proposed algorithms outperforms GRNP,TPNP and EENP algorithms.

转录因子HOXC13通过上调PCNA表达促进喉鳞状细胞癌AMC-HN-8细胞的恶性生物学行为

目的:本研究旨在探讨转录因子HOXC13在喉鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)中的表达、功能及可能的调控机制。方法:常规培养LSCC细胞,将其分为sh-NC组、sh-HOXC13组、pcDNA3.1-NC组、pcDNA3.1-HOXC13组、pcDNA3.1-PCNA组和sh-HOXC13+pcDNA3.1-PCNA组,用转染试剂将相应核酸和质粒转染各组细胞。用数据库数据分析HOXC13mRNA在LSCC组织中的表达;收集2019年1月至2022年12月在联勤保障部队第九八〇医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术切除的62对LSCC组织及配对的癌旁组织,免疫组织化学法检测中国人LSCC组织中HOXC13蛋白的表达,qPCR检测中国人LSCC组织、癌旁组织以及各组细胞中HOXC13和PCNAmRNA的表达,MTS法检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的增殖能力,平板克隆实验检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的克隆形成能力,Transwell小室实验检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,双萤光素酶报告基因实验和染色质免疫沉淀技术(ChIP)验证HOXC13与PCNA之间的结合关系。结果:HOXC13和PCNA在LSCC组织和细胞中均呈高表达(P<0.05或P<0.01)且两者的表达水平呈正相关(P<0.01),HOXC13的表达水平与TNM分期有明显关联(P<0.01)。敲减HOXC13可明显抑制AMC-HN-8细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力(均P<0.01),过表达HOXC13则促进TU686细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力(均P<0.01)。HOXC13可与PCNA启动子区结合并调控其转录。敲低PCNA可部分逆转HOXC13对AMC-HN-8细胞的恶性生物学行为的促进作用(均P<0.01)。结论:HOXC13通过上调PCNA促进LSCC细胞的恶性生物学行为,HOXC13是LSSC临床诊断和治疗的潜在靶点。

基于AMC的高增益高平坦度偶极子天线

本文提出了一种加载人工磁导体(AMC)反射板的高增益偶极子天线。天线由一对交叉偶极子和AMC反射器组成。首先利用AMC的同相反射特性在保持低剖面的同时获得了较高的增益,同时在AMC反射板的介质基板和金属反射地板之间增加空气层等效增加介质板厚度,展宽AMC单元的同相反射带宽。然后为了改善天线的阻抗匹配和增益的平坦度,在偶极子的辐射臂上进行凹槽处理。此外为了避免馈线相互交叉造成匹配调节不便的问题,馈电采用了交叉耦合结构。测试结果表明,天线的阻抗带宽为4.59~5.24GHz(13.22%),天线增益具有高平坦度且峰值增益为9.9dBi。

洁净室内AMC治理方法研究

气态分子级污染物(Airborne Molecular Continent,AMC)是影响洁净室生产环境的主要因素之一,因此控制洁净室内AMC浓度成了半导体行业发展的关键问题之一。分别从“防”与“治”两个方面阐述了有效控制室内AMC浓度的方法,提供了室外新风的不同处理方式及应用场景,提供了洁净室内装修材料选用的标准及依据,研究了面板行业敏感度较高的VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds)的相关处理方式及应用场景,为后续相关洁净室设计提供了参考及工程实际意义。

Coverage and Factors Associated with Acceptance and Satisfaction of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Six Health Zones in Benin

Introduction: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) was adopted in 2019 in two health zones in Benin where malaria transmission is very high. Positive results led to the extension of the intervention to other zones with additional financial support. Annual SMC campaigns from 2021 to 2023 were carried out in all six health zones in the Atacora and Alibori departments. In five years of implementation, various approaches have been developed on the basis of a communication plan facilitating buy-in and acceptance by all stakeholders. The aim of this study was to assess the effective coverage and acceptance of the SMC by their beneficiary populations in 2023. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus. Data collection took place from November 30 to December 13, 2023. The study population consisted of children under 5 years of age residing in the departments of Atacora and Alibori in northern Benin. A total of 3573 children under 5 years of age were included in the study, and their parents or guardians were interviewed. Results: During the 2023 campaign, 87.7% of targets were reached by SMC administration and 100.00% of children had received at least one dose of SMC by the fourth visit. Effective therapeutic coverage of SMC was 70.55%, with 99.60% in BNK, 69.40% in KGS, 16.20% in MK, 56.10% in 2KP, 92.40% in NBT and 89.60% in TMC. This coverage was statistically related to child and respondent ages (p Conclusion: SMC is a strategy accepted by the population, and the main reasons for non-participation in SMC were dominated by the absence of mothers or babysitters when the agents visited.

Models to Simulate Effective Coverage of Fire Station Based on Real-Time Travel Times

In recent years,frequent fire disasters have led to enormous damage in China.Effective firefighting rescues can minimize the losses caused by fires.During the rescue processes,the travel time of fire trucks can be severely affected by traffic conditions,changing the effective coverage of fire stations.However,it is still challenging to determine the effective coverage of fire stations considering dynamic traffic conditions.This paper addresses this issue by combining the traveling time calculationmodelwith the effective coverage simulationmodel.In addition,it proposes a new index of total effective coverage area(TECA)based on the time-weighted average of the effective coverage area(ECA)to evaluate the urban fire services.It also selects China as the case study to validate the feasibility of the models,a fire station(FS-JX)in Changsha.FS-JX station and its surrounding 9,117 fire risk points are selected as the fire service supply and demand points,respectively.A total of 196 simulation scenarios throughout a consecutiveweek are analyzed.Eventually,1,933,815 sets of valid sample data are obtained.The results showed that the TECA of FS-JX is 3.27 km^(2),which is far below the standard requirement of 7.00 km^(2) due to the traffic conditions.The visualization results showed that three rivers around FS-JX interrupt the continuity of its effective coverage.The proposed method can provide data support to optimize the locations of fire stations by accurately and dynamically determining the effective coverage of fire stations.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among University Students in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Introduction: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that remains a real public health problem in Africa. Students represent a group at risk for this disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate among students in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A systematic search of databases (PubMed, AJOL) and a manual search of Google Scholar was conducted to retrieve all published studies reporting hepatitis B vaccination coverage among students in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled coverage rate was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 35 studies were included and included 20,520 students. The mean age was 22.1 ± 5.1 years with a predominance of female sex (sex ratio F/M = 1.05). The vaccination coverage rate was 28.8% [95% CI: 22.9% - 34.7%]. Disaggregation allowed to estimate coverage rates of 29.8% [95% CI: 22.9% - 36.7%], 23.4% [95% CI: 9.4% - 37.4%] and 17.0% [95% CI: 14.4% - 19.5%] respectively in West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa. Conclusion: Less than a third of students in sub-Saharan Africa are protected against hepatitis B. However, the majority of this target group is at risk of infection. It would be relevant to screen and, if necessary, vaccinate all new students.

Detecting the distribution of and public attitudes to charismatic alien species based on media coverage

Charismatic species are often reported by the media,providing information for detecting population status and public perception.To identify the number and distribution of free-living Black Swan(Cygnus atratus),a charismatic alien species in Chinese mainland and to detect the public and the media attitudes to the species,we analyzed the reports and emotional tendency from media coverage in 2000-2022 using manual reading,crawler extraction and latent Dirichlet allocation.A total of 6654 Black Swans were reported at 711 sites,including 147 individuals at 30 nature reserves.Successful breeding was reported at one-fourth of the total sites,including five nature reserves.The proportion of positive emotional tendency to Black Swans was overwhelming in the reports and was higher than that to alien species in general,suggesting that the public and the media are unaware of the risk of biological invasion.Effective management of invasive species requires the media clarifies the invasion risk of charismatic alien species.Promoting the unity between the harmfulness of abstract concept of alien species and the charisma of a specific alien species among the public help effective management.

Scheduling optimization for UAV communication coverage using virtual force-based PSO model

When the ground communication base stations in the target area are severely destroyed,the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)ad hoc networks can provide people with temporary communication services.Therefore,it is necessary to design a multi-UAVs cooperative control strategy to achieve better communication coverage and lower energy consumption.In this paper,we propose a multi-UAVs coverage model based on Adaptive Virtual Force-directed Particle Swarm Optimization(AVF-PSO)strategy.In particular,we first introduce the gravity model into the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm so as to increase the probability of full coverage.Then,the energy consumption is included in the calculation of the fitness function so that maximum coverage and energy consumption can be balanced.Finally,in order to reduce the communication interference between UAVs,we design an adaptive lift control strategy based on the repulsion model to reduce the repeated coverage of multi-UAVs.Experimental results show that the proposed coverage strategy based on gravity model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches.For example,in the target area of any size,the coverage rate and the repeated coverage rate of the proposed multi-UAVs scheduling are improved by 6.9–29.1%,and 2.0–56.1%,respectively.Moreover,the proposed scheduling algorithm is high adaptable to diverse execution environments.©2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Distributed collaborative complete coverage path planning based on hybrid strategy

Collaborative coverage path planning(CCPP) refers to obtaining the shortest paths passing over all places except obstacles in a certain area or space. A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) collaborative CCPP algorithm is proposed for the urban rescue search or military search in outdoor environment.Due to flexible control of small UAVs, it can be considered that all UAVs fly at the same altitude, that is, they perform search tasks on a two-dimensional plane. Based on the agents’ motion characteristics and environmental information, a mathematical model of CCPP problem is established. The minimum time for UAVs to complete the CCPP is the objective function, and complete coverage constraint, no-fly constraint, collision avoidance constraint, and communication constraint are considered. Four motion strategies and two communication strategies are designed. Then a distributed CCPP algorithm is designed based on hybrid strategies. Simulation results compared with patternbased genetic algorithm(PBGA) and random search method show that the proposed method has stronger real-time performance and better scalability and can complete the complete CCPP task more efficiently and stably.

Enhancing ^(*)CO coverage on Sm-Cu_(2)O via 4f-3d orbital hybridization for highly efficient electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4)

The electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) into valuable chemical feedstocks using renewable electricity offers a compelling strategy for closing the carbon loop.While copper-based materials are effective in catalyzing CO_(2) to C_(2+)products,the instability of Cu^(+)species,which tend to reduce to Cu~0 at cathodic potentials during CO_(2) reduction,poses a significant challenge.Here,we report the development of SmCu_(2)O and investigate the influence of f-d orbital hybridization on the CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2)RR).Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations,our experimental results demonstrate that hybridization between Sm^(3+)4f and Cu^(+)3d orbitals not only improves the adsorption of *CO intermediates and increases CO coverage to stabilize Cu^(+) but also facilitates CO_(2) activation and lowers the energy barriers for CAC coupling.Notably,Sm-Cu_(2)O achieves a Faradaic efficiency for C_(2)H_(4) that is 38%higher than that of undoped Cu_(2)O.Additionally,it sustains its catalytic activity over an extended operational period exceeding 7 h,compared to merely 2 h for the undoped sample.This research highlights the potential of fd orbital hybridization in enhancing the efficacy of copper-based catalysts for CO_(2)RR,pointing towards a promising direction for the development of durable,high-performance electrocatalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis.

地方AMC数字化转型的挑战与对策研究

探讨了地方资产管理公司(Asset Management Companies,AMC)在数字化转型过程中的背景、现状、问题及应对策略。首先,通过对地方AMC定义和数字化转型的必要性进行阐述,明确了研究的目的。其次,采用案例分析和文献研究的方法,详细剖析了地方AMC在数字化转型过程中面临的人才储备不足、系统兼容性差、高层领导期望与实际结果不符等问题。研究结果表明,这些问题严重制约了地方AMC的数字化进程。最后,提出了加强组织保障、推动创新应用、强化人才储备和完善数据管理等具体对策,以期为地方AMC的数字化转型提供有效的指导,助力其实现高质量发展。研究结论强调,地方AMC应积极借鉴其他金融机构的成功经验,结合自身实际情况,不断完善数字化转型战略和实施方案。

新形势下AMC参与房地产项目的思考

中央经济工作会议明确指出,“要统筹化解房地产、地方债务、中小金融机构等风险”。资产管理公司(AMC)应在风险化解中发挥作用,转变传统思维,寻求新的思路,协助政府化解本轮房企危机,平衡金融机构、房企及购房者的利益,促进房地产行业平稳健康发展。文章梳理当前房地产整体情况,提出AMC在新形势下参与地产项目的建议。

添加AMC复相材料的刚玉质浇注料的性能改善及应用效果

在刚玉质浇注料中添加AMC复相材料,利用AMC复相材料的CA6和MA抗渣性好、热震稳定性好的特点来改善刚玉质浇注料的使用性能,同时AMC复相材料作为资源再利用的新产品,在价格方面具有明显的优势,它能够降低耐材的生产成本。试验表明,在刚玉质浇注料中加入30%的AMC复相材料取得了较为理想的实验数据,其应用在钢包座砖上取得了良好的效果,既降低了生产成本,又有效地提高了钢包座砖的使用寿命。

Modern Corrosion Mapping of Storage Tank Bottoms--Notable Advancements in Critical Zone Coverage,Inspection Efficiency and Data Integrity

Every day,an NDT(Non-Destructive Testing)report will govern key decisions and inform inspection strategies that could affect the flow of millions of dollars which ultimately affects local environments and potential risk to life.There is a direct correlation between report quality and equipment capability.The more able the equipment is-in terms of efficient data gathering,signal to noise ratio,positioning,and coverage-the more actionable the report is.This results in optimal maintenance and repair strategies providing the report is clear and well presented.Furthermore,when considering tank floor storage inspection it is essential that asset owners have total confidence in inspection findings and the ensuing reports.Tank floor inspection equipment must not only be efficient and highly capable,but data sets should be traceable and integrity maintained throughout.Corrosion mapping of large surface areas such as storage tank bottoms is an inherently arduous and time-consuming process.MFL(magnetic flux leakage)based tank bottom scanners present a well-established and highly rated method for inspection.There are many benefits of using modern MFL technology to generate actionable reports.Chief among these includes efficiency of coverage while gaining valuable information regarding defect location,severity,surface origin and the extent of coverage.More recent advancements in modern MFL tank bottom scanners afford the ability to scan and record data sets at areas of the tank bottom which were previously classed as dead zones or areas not scanned due to physical restraints.An example of this includes scanning the CZ(critical zone)which is the area close to the annular to shell junction weld.Inclusion of these additional dead zones increases overall inspection coverage,quality and traceability.Inspection of the CZ areas allows engineers to quickly determine the integrity of arguably the most important area of the tank bottom.Herein we discuss notable developments in CZ coverage,inspection efficiency and data integrity that combines to deliver an actionable report.The asset owner can interrogate this report to develop pertinent and accurate maintenance and repair strategies.

Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage

BACKGROUND Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right.Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems,with many children missing out on essential childhood vaccines.AIM To evaluate the immunization coverage among 12-23-month-old children in the rural areas of Community Health Centre(CHC)Dighal and to determine the factors influencing the existing immunization coverage.METHODS A coverage evaluation survey was conducted according to the 30-cluster sampling technique,which is the standard methodology for such surveys devised by World Health Organization.A total of 300 children aged 12-23 months were included,whose immunization details were noted from their immunization cards.RESULTS Full immunization rate was noted in 86.7%of the children,with partial and non-immunized children accounting for 9%and 4.3%respectively.The full immunization dropout rate was 4.2%.The common reasons for partial or non-immunization were family problem including illness of mother,vaccine not being available and child being ill.Place of birth(P=0.014)and availability of immunization card(P<0.001)were significant predictors of the immunization status.Since the study was conducted in 2020/2021,health services were disrupted due to the COVID-19 lockdown.CONCLUSION Due to the coverage being higher than the national average,it was concluded that the immunization coverage was optimal and not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis of Mobile and Internet Network Coverage: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and Concept of Digital Divide in Burundi

Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.

基于人工磁导体的低剖面高增益宽带天线

提出一种基于人工磁导体(Artificial Magnetic Conductor, AMC)的高增益宽带天线,该天线由一个AMC超表面和一个微带贴片天线组成。利用AMC的同相反射特性,将天线的后向辐射反射与前向辐射叠加,从而提升了天线的增益。天线的整体尺寸为0.6λ_(0)×0.6λ_(0)×0.12λ_(0) (λ_(0)为天线谐振频率对应的波长)。测试结果表明,在4.55~6.1 GHz (27.7%)的工作频段内,天线的峰值增益达到8.4 dB。与利用理想电导体(Perfect Electric Conductor, PEC)提升增益的方法相比,其剖面从0.37λ_(0)降低到0.12λ_(0)。该天线剖面低、尺寸小、增益高、成本低廉,可以应用于WLAN波段通信。

三维无线传感器网络中虚拟力引导的鲸鱼覆盖优化算法

针对如何设计适用于现实物理世界的三维覆盖优化算法并最大化覆盖率问题,本文提出了一种虚拟力引导的鲸鱼覆盖优化算法(VFWOA)。利用Halton序列初始化生成均匀分布的鲸鱼种群,增强种群多样性以提升算法跳出局部最优解的能力;采用虚拟力算法引导最优个体位置更新,加快算法寻优速度;引入多样性策略,控制种群的变化,提升算法寻优能力。仿真结果表明,与改进鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)、改进麻雀搜索算法和改进人工蜂群算法相比,本文所提算法提高了节点覆盖率并改善了网络的连通性。

低空移动通信网络组网方案研究

立足典型低空场景的业务需求,分析了5G低空覆盖所需的信号覆盖水平,并基于典型5G中频设备天线性能,参考3GPP推荐的低空传播模型,立体分层地计算分析了典型3扇区基站用于低空覆盖时的信号覆盖水平。评估了各类设备的低空覆盖能力以及适用的部署场景和最佳部署仰角,为5G低空通信网络部署提供了可借鉴的方案。