Changes in milk fat globule membrane proteins along lactation stage of Laoshan dairy goat

The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)is a complex structure with numerous functions,and its composition is affected by many factors.There have been few systematic investigations on goat MFGM proteome profiling during lactation.Individual milk samples from 15 healthy dairy goats were obtained at six lactation time points for investigation of the MFGM proteome using both data-independent acquisition(DIA)and data-dependent acquisition(DDA)proteomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis.Using the DIA method,890 variably abundant MFGM proteins were discovered throughout the lactation cycle.From 1 to 240 d,butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1,lipoprotein lipase,perilipin-2,and adipose triglyceride lipase were upregulated,while APOE,complement C3,clusterin,and IgG were downregulated.Furthermore,from 1 to 90 d,annexin A1,annexin A2,and antithrombin-ll were downregulated,then upregulated by d 240.Albumin had a high degree of connectedness,indicating that it was a key protein,according to protein-protein interaction research.Overall,our findings gave new insights into the biological features of MFGM protein in goat milk throughout lactation,which may aid in the creation of specialized MFGM products and infant formula.

Maternal obesity exacerbates the responsiveness of offspring BALB/c mice to cow's milk protein-induced food allergy

Food allergy has become a significant public health problem affecting a large number of people worldwide.Maternal obesity causes inflammation and alters the immune system of offspring,which may exacerbate their food allergy.The aim of this study was to determine whether offspring mice born to obese mothers would have more serve reactions to cow's milk protein-induced food allergy,and further investigate the underlying mechanisms.Female offspring BALB/c mice of mothers with normal and high-fat diets were sensitized withβ-lactoglobulin(BLG),respectively.Maternal obesity increased the serum immunoglobulin E and mouse mast cell protease levels,though did not have significant influence on anaphylactic symptom score,core temperature and diarrhea rate of offspring mice after BLG sensitization.Furthermore,maternal obesity led to a lower level of occludin mRNA expression in BLG-sensitized mice.The mice born to obese mothers exhibited increased mRNA expression levels of GATA-3,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10 in jejunum after BLG sensitization,indicating maternal obesity intensified Th2-type biased immune responses.In conclusion,maternal obesity exerted exacerbating effects on the responsiveness of their offspring to cow's milk protein sensitization.

Efficacy of fermented milk and whey proteins in Helicobacter pylori eradication:A review

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is considered a necessary step in the management of peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Standard triple therapy eradication regimens are inconvenient and achieve unpredictable and often poor results. Eradication rates are decreasing over time with increase in antibiotic resistance. Fermented milk and several of its component whey proteins have emerged as candidates for complementary therapy. In this context the current review seeks to summarize the current evidence available on their role in H. pylori eradication. Pertinent narrative/systematic reviews, clinical trials and laboratory studies on individual components including fermented milk, yogurt, whey proteins, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin (α-LA), glycomacropeptide and immunoglobulin were comprehensively searched and retrieved from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and abstracts/proceedings of conferences up to May 2013. A preponderance of the evidence available on fermented milk-based probiotic preparations and bovine lactoferrin suggests a beneficial effect in Helicobacter eradication. Evidence for α-LA and immunoglobulins is promising while that for glycomacropeptide is preliminary and requires substantiation. The magnitude of the potential benefit documented so far is small and the precise clinical settings are ill defined. This restricts the potential use of this group as a complementary therapy in a nutraceutical setting hinging on better patient acceptability/compliance. Further work is necessary to identify the optimal substrate, fermentation process, dose and the ideal clinical setting (prevention/treatment, first line therapy/recurrence, symptomatic/asymptomatic, gastritis/ulcer diseases etc.). The potential of this group in high antibiotic resistance or treatment failure settings presents interesting possibilities and deserves further exploration.

Study on screening potential allergenic proteins from infant milk powders based on human mast cell membrane chromatography and histamine release assays

Cow's milk allergy is mainly observed in infants and young children. Most allergic reactions affect the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Conventional diagnosis is based on positive allergy studies and evaluation of parameters including IgE and IgG1 levels, acute allergic skin response and anaphylactic shock reactions. We developed a cell membrane chromatographic(CMC)method based on human mast cells(HMC-1) for screening potential allergens in infant formula milk powders(IFMP). HMC-1 cell membranes were extracted and mixed with silica to prepare cell membrane chromatography columns(10 mm ? 2 mm i.d., 5 mm). Under the conditions of 0.2 mL/min flow rate and214 nm detection wavelength, human breast milk showed no retention. However, IFMP showed clear retention. The retained fractions were collected and analyzed through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Four major milk proteins, i.e., α-casein, β-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin A, were identified. Furthermore, these proteins and β-lactoglobulin B showed clear retention on HMC-1/CMC columns. To test the degranulation effects of the five proteins, histamine and β-hexosaminidase release assays were carried out. All five proteins induced HMC-1 cells to release histamine and β-hexosaminidase. Also, we established a reversed phase liquid chromatographic(RPLC) method for the determination of the five proteins in IFMP and the results showed that 90% proteins in IFMP were α-casein and β-casein. We concluded that cow's milk proteins may be potential allergens and caseins cause more β-casein allergic risk than other proteins. This conclusion was consistent with other studies.

The Influence of Heat Treatment on Interaction of Green Tea Flavonoids with Milk Proteins

Several heat treatment norms are applied in the dairy industry during the manufacture of various products. The knowledge on the influence of temperature on the proteins-flavonoid binding is critical for optimization of process conditions. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of heat treatment on the interaction between milk proteins and flavonoids and also determine when to apply heat treatment. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that free flavonoids decreased in the presence of milk proteins and a binding ratio (%) was calculated based on this decrease. Three different heat treatment norms were selected (80, 85 and 90℃×10 min). Analyses were carried out in both sodium caseinate and skimmed milk samples to observe the possible effect of milk serum proteins on the interaction. The binding ratio between flavonoids and proteins was found to be higher in the samples where green tea extract (GTE) was added before heat treatment than in the samples where GTE was added after heat treatment in both the skimmed milk and sodium caseinate systems. Results of protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) index and protein partition also demonstrated that heat treatment must be applied after the addition of GTE to improve the amount of GTE binding to milk proteins.

Multi‑omics reveals that the host‑microbiome metabolism crosstalk of differential rumen bacterial enterotypes can regulate the milk protein synthesis of dairy cows

Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group could inhibit the energy supply of serum tryptophan to MPY by milk S-lactoylglutathione,which could enhance pyruvate metabolism.Norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could increase the ruminal L-tyrosine,which could provide the substrate for MPY.Conclusion Our results indicated that the represented enterotype genera of Prevotella and Ruminococcus,and the hub genera of[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could regulate milk protein synthesis by affecting the ruminal L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Moreover,the combined analysis of enterotype,WGCNA and SEM could be used to connect rumen microbial metabolism with host metabolism,which provides a fundamental understanding of the crosstalk between host and microorganisms in regulating the synthesis of milk composition.

Dietetic Valorization of Cow＇s Milk Proteins Fermented at 45 ℃ by Lactobacillus acidophilus Associated with Bifidobacteria

Cow＇s milk constitutes a significant food for babies when mother＇s milk is insufficient. The purpose of this work is to offer a fermented milk, potentially hypoallergenic, using selected Lactobaeillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria sp. for their proteolytic activities. The fermentation is evaluated by the rate of lactic acid production and by the bacterial enumeration at 45 ℃. The rate of acidification obtained by mixed cultures （La ＋ B. longum, 63.8 ± 3.5 °D） and （La ＋ B. breve, 43.4 ± 1.67 °D） compared with the control （milk） （18.6 ± 1.31 °D）. The result of the best hydrolysis was obtained by （La＋ B. longum） （154.88 ± 30.33 ug/mg） which corresponded to a better release of the a-NH2 functions （103.32 ± 12.81 umoles/mg） compared with control （307.2 ± 11.54 ug/mg and 10.25 ± 0.44 umoles/mg ）. The best synergy was obtained by （La ＋ B. bifidum） （13 × 10^6 cfu/mL and 60 × 10^6 cfu/mL） and reached 95 × 10^10 cfu/mL and 119 × 10^10 cfu/mg at the end. The electrophoresis of fermented milk revealed the presence of soluble proteins （a-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin）. The Enzyme Linked Immtmo Sorbent Assay showed the results of residual antigenic activities of β-Lg （1.4 ± 0.23 ug/mg）, a-La （0.012 ± 0.004 ug/mg） and bovin serum albumin （0.014 ± 0.005 ug/mg）by the associations （La ＋ B. longum）, （La ＋ B. bifidum） and （La ＋ B. bifidum） compared with the control （14.43 ± 5.91 ug/mg, 0.183 ± 0.062 gg/mg, 0.05 ± 0.008 ug/mg） respectively. Lactic fermentation reduced to a significant antigenic reactivity of principal whey milk proteins.

Very early onset perinatal constipation:Can it be cow’s milk protein allergy?

Delayed passage of meconium or constipation during the perinatal period is traditionally regarded as a signal to initiate further work up to evaluate for serious diagnoses such as Hirschsprung’s disease(HD),meconium ileus due to Cystic Fibrosis,etc.The diagnosis of HD particularly warrants invasive testing to confirm the diagnosis,such as anorectal manometry or rectal suction biopsy.What if there was another etiology of perinatal constipation,that is far lesser known?Cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is often diagnosed in infants within the first few weeks of life,however,there are studies that show that the CMPA allergen can be passed from mother to an infant in-utero,therefore allowing symptoms to show as early as day one of life.The presentation is more atypical,with perinatal constipation rather than with bloody stools,diarrhea,and vomiting.The diagnosis and management would be avoidance of cow's milk protein within the diet,with results and symptom improvement in patients immediately.Therefore,we discuss whether an alternative pathway to address perinatal constipation should be further discussed and implemented to potentially avoid invasive techniques in patients.This entails first ruling out CMPA with safe,noninvasive techniques with diet modification,and if unsuccessful,then moving forward with further diagnostic modalities.

Analysis of influence of water temperature on milk powder proteins using MALDI-TOF MS

The influence of water temperature on protein composition in the reconstitution of milk powder was evaluated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS）. 11 ion peaks in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization （MALDI） spectra were examined to study the alteration of relative quantities of milk proteins when water at different temperature was employed in the reconstitution of milk powder. A discrepancy factor Dij was implemented to represent the degree of milk proteins＇ denaturation. Data obtained indicated that Dij value increased with rising water temperature, and thermal damage to milk proteins became evidently when the water temperature exceeded 60℃. The results confirmed that nutrient loss occurred when milk proteins denatured in water at high temperatures.

Donkey whey proteins ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by downregulating the S100A8-TRAF6-NF-κB axis-mediated inflammatory response

Donkey milk has a variety of physiological functions, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Donkey whey proteins(DWPs), as the main functional component in donkey milk, its inhibitory effect on colitis is still unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect and potential mechanism of DWPs on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis were investigated. Firstly, the DWPs and bovine milk whey proteins(BWPs)were characterized using proteomics. Then, we administered DWPs and BWPs to mice with colitis via oral gavage. The results of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry indicated that DWPs increased T regulatory cell accumulation and increased the abundance of the cluster of differentiation 205+(CD205+)macrophages compared to those with BWPs and in model groups. In addition, DWPs exhibited a more remarkable ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins(S100A8, TRAF6, and NF-κB)expression and inflammatory secretion than BWPs. In addition, DWPs significantly decreased NF-κB and CD86 levels more than BWPs or the negative control in both LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cell lines. These findings indicate that DWPs comprise a promising anti-colitis functional food, and this work has established a foundation for future research on these compounds.

不同泌乳期驼乳化学组成及蛋白质组学

本实验以驼乳为研究对象,通过测定骆驼泌乳初期、中期、后期和干奶期乳基础营养成分及理化指标,探究其在整个泌乳期内的变化规律;并结合定量蛋白质组学技术解析骆驼初乳和常乳中差异的蛋白质,进而挖掘其潜在的功能信息。结果发现,泌乳初期驼乳中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、总固形物等基础营养成分的含量最高,随后随着泌乳期的延长其含量具有降低的趋势。驼乳理化性质随泌乳期而变化,其中泌乳初期驼乳密度和折光率最高,显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);干奶期驼乳pH值和滴定酸度最高(6.89和20.71°T);泌乳期对驼乳电导率的影响较小。定量蛋白质组学的研究结果表明,在驼乳中发现了高峰度的免疫球蛋白、类胰岛素、乳铁蛋白等保护性蛋白,并在骆驼初乳和常乳中共鉴定到641个差异显著蛋白质(P<0.05)。骆驼初乳中高丰度蛋白大部分与免疫应答、抗炎、组织保护与修复、代谢过程有关,表明骆驼初乳更有助于幼崽抗微生物感染免疫系统的建立。该研究可加深对驼乳泌乳期内理化性质及蛋白组成的认识,为开发驼乳功能性食品提供重要的信息。

孕期因素与婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏的关系

目的:初步探讨孕期因素与婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏的关系。方法:数据来自一项“中国儿童对牛奶蛋白过敏的遗传易感性研究”的子队列,包括2020年3月1日至12月31日在北京大学人民医院出生的婴儿,根据随访至1岁时有无牛奶蛋白过敏(cow’s milk protein allergy,CMPA),分为病例组(CMPA组)和对照组。回顾性收集婴儿及其母亲孕前和孕期的临床资料,分析孕期多因素与婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏的相关性。结果:共纳入278例婴儿,CMPA患儿52例,对照组226例;男性婴儿143例,女性婴儿135例,其中男性婴儿在CMPA组比例(69.2%)高于对照组(47.3%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);CMPA患儿和对照组在出生体质量、出生胎龄、低出生体重儿、早产、脐带绕颈、新生儿窒息分布上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。母亲孕期合并免疫性疾病、贫血者以及孕期存在抗生素暴露者在CMPA组比例均高于对照组,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他妊娠期合并症,如子痫/子痫前期、慢性高血压/妊娠期高血压、糖尿病/妊娠期糖尿病、甲状腺疾病等在两组分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CMPA组与对照组孕期多项血常规指标总体分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现男性婴儿、母亲妊娠合并免疫性疾病、妊娠合并贫血以及孕期抗生素暴露是CMPA发生的独立危险因素。结论:男性婴儿、母亲妊娠合并免疫性疾病、妊娠合并贫血以及孕期抗生素暴露是CMPA发生的独立危险因素。

热诱导乳蛋白变性机理的研究进展

热处理经常在乳制品加工过程中被应用,以确保产品的安全性和更长的货架期。加热过程会导致乳蛋白的结构改变并进一步损伤产品最终的营养、感官品质以及产品性能,例如出现聚集、表观黏度增加以及沉降等现象,还会导致热交换器表面结垢影响热交换系统效率。本综述通过探讨影响乳蛋白热诱导变性的因素,主要从乳成分、理化性质以及工艺过程等方面深入分析乳蛋白热诱导变性机理,并总结归纳了提高乳蛋白热稳定性的方法,旨在为乳基液体产品特别是高蛋白乳制品以及浓缩乳产品的开发提供理论依据。

《新生儿牛奶蛋白过敏诊断与管理专家共识(2023)》要点解读

新生儿牛奶蛋白过敏(cow's milk protein allergy,CMPA)临床表现不典型,可导致多器官和系统受累,并且可能影响新生儿体格生长和中枢神经系统发育,造成机体功能障碍,还会增加其他家庭成员的焦虑和压力。由于缺乏特异性临床表现和诊断方法,新生儿CMPA的诊断和管理仍然是目前非常重要的临床挑战。为促进新生儿CMPA规范化诊治,由中华医学会儿科学分会新生儿学组、中华儿科杂志编辑委员会组织制定了《新生儿牛奶蛋白过敏诊断与管理专家共识(2023)》,该文对该共识新生儿CMPA饮食和营养管理部分重点内容进行介绍和解读。

乳清蛋白粉与豆乳不同质量比对凝固型沙棘酸奶品质的影响

以1 L鲜牛乳质量为基准,向其中加入乳清蛋白粉(WPP)、豆乳、沙棘果汁及菌种,混合发酵制备凝固型沙棘酸奶,探究WPP与豆乳不同质量比(WPP与豆乳总质量100 g,A组4∶0,B组3∶1,C组2∶2,D组1∶3,E组0∶4,F组不添加WPP和豆乳,G组不加沙棘果汁、WPP和豆乳)对凝固型沙棘酸奶理化特性、微观结构、质构特性及感官品质的影响。结果表明:B、C、D、E组酸奶发酵时间约为5 h,A、F、G组酸奶发酵时间约为6 h;各组酸奶脂肪含量差异不大,E组酸奶蛋白质含量最高,为4.55%;A组酸奶的持水力最高,为98.02%±0.05%;C组酸奶(硬度0.45 N±0.03 N,胶着性0.47 N±0.02 N,咀嚼性6.32±0.41,黏附性0.57 N·s±0.07 N·s)的质地和微观结构最佳,且C组在贮存3 d时的感官评分最高,为88.8。

猪笼液蛋白酶消减牛乳蛋白致敏表位的研究

目的:利用废弃猪笼液中的蛋白酶来消减牛乳主要致敏原蛋白的致敏性。方法:首先采集了米兰达猪笼草(Nepenthes×Miranda)的猪笼液,经过滤、5 kDa膜超滤、真空冷冻干燥和复溶获得酶活为126.276 U/mL的猪笼液蛋白酶液。然后用此酶对牛乳蛋白进行酶解,通过液相色谱-二级质谱法(LC-MS/MS)鉴定酶解后肽段产物,对比致敏原表位数据库以判断蛋白酶对表位的酶切情况。结果:牛乳主要致敏原蛋白中P1位的K、V、F、R、Y、I、S和L以及P1’位的D、A、V、I、L、F、E、R、Y、N、T、Q、S、W和P的肽键被有效酶解,酶切位点位于相对应的表位内,且位于蛋白表面和内部的表位均有被酶解。其中,来自α-LA的表位Eα-LA1中的K-V以及表位Eα-LA2中的K-V和K-A被酶解频率较高,来自β-LG的被酶解频率高的表位处的肽键为Eβ-LG1和Eβ-LG2中的L-D、V-Y和Y-V,来自αs1-CN的表位Eαs1-CN1中大部分的R-F和F-F被高频酶解,来自αs2-CN的表位Eαs2-CN1中的L-N、R-Y、K-F和K-T和表位Eαs2-CN2中的K-T、K-L和K-I被酶解频率较高,β-CN中被酶解频率较高的表位为Eβ-CN1和Eβ-CN2中的L-Q、S-W、D-V、L-T、T-D和E-N。结论:猪笼液蛋白酶水解对牛乳蛋白致敏原蛋白表位表现出不同程度的破坏作用,猪笼液有望成为新型蛋白酶开发的资源,实现农业废弃物再利用。

牛乳和鸡蛋中致敏原物质的检测

牛乳、鸡蛋及乳、蛋制品富含蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等,是人们饮食结构中的常见食物,在为人类提供丰富营养素的同时,也容易引起部分人群的过敏。针对目前过敏发生情况和过敏原检测技术的发展现状,该文简述了牛乳和鸡蛋中的主要过敏蛋白、酶等,并介绍了过敏原常见检测方法,比较各检测方法的优缺点,为牛乳和鸡蛋过敏原的检测提供理论依据和指导。

个体化营养干预在牛奶蛋白过敏患儿中的应用

目的探讨个体化营养干预对牛奶蛋白过敏(cow milk protein allergy,CMPA)患儿营养状况及生长发育的影响。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月惠州市中心人民医院儿科收治的60例CMPA患儿作为研究对象。其中30例作为对照组给予游离氨基酸奶粉进行喂养,另外30例作为研究组给予个体化营养干预(包括游离氨基酸奶粉喂养、辅食回避、微量元素及维生素的合理补充)。干预6个月后,对比2组患儿生长发育指标(身高、体质量、头围)、营养指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白)、血清维生素D、钙、锌水平及干预疗效。结果干预后,研究组患儿的生长发育指标优于对照组,营养状况优于对照组,血清维生素D、钙、锌水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组患儿的总有效率为100%,高于对照组的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对CMPA患儿给予个体化营养干预可以有效促进患儿生长发育,提升患儿营养状况,临床效果显著。

醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏的效果分析

目的分析醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏的效果。方法94例牛奶蛋白过敏患儿,使用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组47例。对照组采用孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上应用醒脾养儿颗粒治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效以及炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、免疫因子(CD8^(+)、CD4^(+))水平。结果在总有效率比较中,研究组95.74%高于对照组的80.85%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组IL-6、TNF-α水平分别为(7.65±2.03)、(6.28±1.50)pg/ml,较对照组的(15.20±3.05)、(13.23±2.45)pg/ml低(P<0.05)。治疗后,研^(+)^(+)究组CD4水平(48.68±5.50)%较对照组的(44.50±4.86)%高,CD8水平(25.05±2.02)%较对照组的(28.64±3.05)%低(P<0.05)。结论醒脾养儿颗粒与孟鲁司特钠联合治疗小儿牛奶蛋白过敏效果确切,可以有效抑制患儿的炎症反应,提高其免疫功能,适于临床应用。

氨基酸配方替代喂养对重度牛奶蛋白过敏婴儿肠道菌群特征的影响

目的探讨氨基酸配方(AAF)替代喂养对重度牛奶蛋白过敏(CMPA)婴儿肠道菌群特征的影响。方法纳入23例确诊为重度CMPA且人工喂养的≤3月龄婴儿,采用同一品牌AAF进行喂养干预。干预前及干预3个月后,收集所有婴儿的粪便样本,通过16S rRNA高通量测序及生物信息学分析评估肠道菌群的特征变化。结果干预前后,重度CMPA婴儿肠道菌群Chao1指数、Shannon指数、observed species指数、Simpson指数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),Beta多样性具有差异,且组间差异大于组内差异。门水平的相对丰度分析及LEfSe分析结果均显示,AAF干预后重度CMPA婴儿肠道中厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门显著富集。属水平的相对丰度分析结果显示,AAF干预后重度CMPA婴儿肠道中拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属、双歧杆菌属的相对丰度较干预前明显升高,弓形菌属、克雷伯菌属、梭菌属的相对丰度较干预前降低,LEfSe分析结果显示拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属、弓形菌属、克雷伯菌属为在丰度上有显著差异的标志物种。在种水平上相对丰度排名前10的菌群中,产气荚膜梭菌、产酸拟杆菌、丁酸梭菌、格氏乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌的相对丰度显著升高。结论AAF替代喂养可使得重度CMPA患儿肠道菌群多样性增加,拟杆菌、厚壁菌等的丰度增加。