SIF-based fracture criterion for interface cracks

The complex stress intensity factor K governing the stress field of an interface crack tip may be split into two parts, i.e.,■ and s^（-iε）, so that K = ■ s^（-iε）, s is a characteristic length and ε is the oscillatory index. ■ has the same dimension as the classical stress intensity factor and characterizes the interface crack tip field. That means a criterion for interface cracks may be formulated directly with■, as Irwin（ASME J. Appl. Mech. 24：361–364, 1957） did in 1957 for the classical fracture mechanics. Then, for an interface crack,it is demonstrated that the quasi Mode I and Mode II tip fields can be defined and distinguished from the coupled mode tip fields. Built upon SIF-based fracture criteria for quasi Mode I and Mode II, the stress intensity factor（SIF）-based fracture criterion for mixed mode interface cracks is proposed and validated against existing experimental results.

Shielding effect and emission criterion of a screw dislocation near an interfacial blunt crack

Shielding effect and emission criterion of a screw dislocation near an interracial blunt crack are dealt with in this paper. Utilizing the conformal mapping technique, the closed-form solutions are derived for complex potentials and stress fields due to a screw dislocation located near the interracial blunt crack. The stress intensity factor on the crack tips and the critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission are also calculated. The influence of the orientation of the dislocation and the morphology of the blunt crack as well as the material elastic dissimilarity on the shielding effect and the emission criterion is discussed in detail. The results show that positive screw dislocations can reduce the stress intensity factor of the interfacial blunt crack tip （shielding effect）. The shielding effect increases with the increase of the shear modulus of the lower half-plane, but it decreases with the increase of the dislocation azimuth angle. The critical loads at infinity for dislocation emission increases with the increase of emission angle and curvature radius of blunt crack tip, and the most probable angle for screw dislocation emission is zero. The present solutions contain previous results as special cases.

Cracking Patterns of Shear Walls in Reinforced Concrete Structure due to Strong Earthquake Based on Mohr-Coulomb Criterion

A primary goal of seismic design of buildings is to protect people's life safety during strong earthquakes. Fundamentally,to predict the survived space and estimate people escape intervals during structural collapse are very important,which requires to describe the failure process more detailedly not only for structural joints but also for slabs and shear walls. In the present paper,the details of Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion with tension-cutoff together with its expression in failure surface and local coordinate system of reinforced concrete( RC) shear wall are given firstly,and then several typical cracking patterns of RC shear wall,such as tension shear crack and compression shear crack, are analyzed based on Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion with tension-cutoff.

Shielding Effect and Emission Criterion of a Screw Dislocation Near an Interfacial Crisscross Crack

Shielding effect and emission criterion of a screw dislocation near an interracial crisscross crack are dealt within this paper. Utilizing the conformal mapping technique, the closed-form solutions are derived for complex potentialsand stress fields due to a screw dislocation located near the interracial crisscross crack. The stress intensity factor onthe crack tips and the critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission are also calculated. The influence of theorientation of the dislocation and the morphology of the crisscross crack as well as the material elastic dissimilarity onthe shielding effect and the emission criterion is discussed in detail. The results show that positive screw dislocations canreduce the stress intensity factor of the interracial crisscross crack tip (shielding effect). The shielding effect increases withthe increase of the shear modulus of the lower half-plane, but it decreases with the increase of the dislocation azimuthangle and the distance between the dislocation and the crack tip. The critical loads at infinity for dislocation emissionincreases with the increase of emission angle and the vertical length of the crisscross crack, and the most probable anglefor screw dislocation emission is zero. The present solutions contain previous results as special cases.

Towards fully automatic modelling of the fracture process in quasi-brittle and ductile materials:a unified crack growth criterion

Fully automatic finite element(FE) modelling of the fracture process in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rocks and ductile materials such as metals and alloys,is of great significance in assessing structural integrity and presents tre-mendous challenges to the engineering community. One challenge lies in the adoption of an objective and effective crack propagation criterion. This paper proposes a crack propagation criterion based on the principle of energy conservation and the cohesive zone model(CZM) . The virtual crack extension technique is used to calculate the differential terms in the criterion. A fully-automatic discrete crack modelling methodology,integrating the developed criterion,the CZM to model the crack,a simple remeshing procedure to accommodate crack propagation,the J2 flow theory implemented within the incremental plasticity framework to model the ductile materials,and a local arc-length solver to the nonlinear equation system,is developed and im-plemented in an in-house program. Three examples,i.e.,a plain concrete beam with a single shear crack,a reinforced concrete(RC) beam with multiple cracks and a compact-tension steel specimen,are simulated. Good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental data is found,which demonstrates the applicability of the criterion to both quasi-brittle and ductile materials.

GFRP-轻木夹芯结构Ⅰ/Ⅱ混合型界面剥离试验研究

为研究工程适用性轻木夹芯复合材料结构的界面粘结性能及剥离破坏机制,对不同跨高比的玻璃纤维增强复合材料-Balsa轻木(GFRP-Balsa)夹芯结构进行了单臂弯曲试验(SLB),得到了此种界面的I/II混合型剥离破坏模式、荷载-位移变化规律及裂纹扩展长度曲线,计算了界面裂纹应变能释放率,验证了界面裂纹线性扩展准则的适用性。结果表明:裂纹发展过程中会破坏玻璃纤维面层,界面剥离后芯材表面出现玻璃纤维的分层和断裂;试件跨高比越小,界面剥离裂纹萌生所需时间越长,裂纹扩展速率越小,且剥离极限荷载也越大;发生界面剥离后,随着裂纹的持续扩展,剥离荷载呈下降趋势;剥离界面应变能释放率随裂纹扩展呈上升趋势,且随跨高比的减小而显著增加。

考虑多种失效模式耦合的复合材料损伤分析

复合材料的损伤失效形式是多样的,其损伤失效形式包括层合板损伤、胶体裂纹扩展和界面脱黏。为了探讨层合板损伤、胶体裂纹扩展、界面脱黏3种损伤失效之间的内在联系,先利用ABAQUS/Explicit软件建立混合型弯曲(MMB)断裂有限元模型,通过数值仿真结果与实验结果的比较,从而证明MMB模型的准确性。然后结合Hashin失效准则、扩展有限元法(XFEM)和内聚力模型(CZM)来研究3种失效模式的内在联系。结果表明:层合板损伤不仅可以影响界面脱黏失效发生时间,同时也能影响胶体中裂纹扩展路径,为复合材料损伤问题数值分析提供了一定的参考。

Investigation on behavior of crack penetration/deflection at interfaces in intelligent coating system

Based on the three-phase model, the propagation behavior of a matrix crack in an intelligent coating system is investigated by an energy criterion. The effect of the elastic mismatch parameters and the thickness of the interface layer on the ratio of the energy release rate for infinitesimal deflected and penetrated crack is evaluated with the finite element method. The results show that the ratio of the energy release rates strongly depends on the elastic mismatch al between the substrate and the driving layer. It also strongly depends on the elastic mismatch a2 between the driving layer and the sensing layer for a thinner driving layer when a primary crack reaches an interface between the substrate and the driving layer. Moreover, with the increase in the thickness of the driving layer, the dependence on a2 gradually decreases. The experimental observation on aluminum alloys monitored with intelligent coating shows that the established model can better explain the behavior of matrix crack penetration and can be used in optimization design of intelligent coating.

ANALYSIS OF A CRACK IN A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED STRIP WITH A POWER FORM SHEAR MODULUS

The plane strain problem of a crack in a functionally graded strip with a power form shear modulus is studied. The governing equation in terms of Airy＇s stress function is solved exactly by means of Fourier transform. The mixed boundary problem is then reduced to a system of singular integral equations and is solved numerically to obtain the stress intensity factor at crack-tip. The maximum circumferential stress criterion and the strain energy density criterion are both employed to predict the direction of crack initiation. Numerical examples are given to show the influence of the material gradation models and the crack sizes on the mode-I and mode-II stress intensity factors. The dependence of the critical kink-angle on the crack size is examined and it is found that the crack kink-angle decreases with the increase of the normalized crack length, indicating that a longer crack tends to follow the original crack-line while it is much easier for a shorter crack to deviate from the original crack-line.

ON PROBLEMS OF FRACTURE OF MATERIALS IN COMPRESSION ALONG TWO INTERNAL PARALLEL CRACKS

The fracture of materials under the action of compressive forces, directed along cracks which are parallel in plane can,lot be described within the framework of the linear fracture mechanics. The criteria of fracture of the Griffith-Irvin or COC type, used in classical linear fracture mechanics, are not applicable in this problem, since these forces have no influence on stress intensity coefficients and on values of cracks opening([1, 2]). The problems of such a class may be described only by using new approaches. One of possible approaches is presented by the first author, which involves using linearized relations, derived from exact non-linear equations of deformable solid body mechanics([3, 4, 5]). It should be remarked here that this approach has been widely used in problems of deformable bodies stability. As a criterion of the initiation of fracture the criterion of local instability near defects of the crack type is used. In these cases the process of loss of stability initiates the fracture process.

The mechanism and criterion of tectonic zone around karstic collapse column reactivation-induced water-conducting

In order to study the mechanism of tectonic zone around karstic collapse col-umn reacts to leak water and prevent water invasion in mine. According to the character of the surrounding cracks- penetrated water KCC, The fracture mechanics theory can be used to study the propagation and perforation process of cracks and hitches around the KCC. The criterion of crack start rupture and the length of secondary crack and criterion of crack propagation have been attained. The influencing factors of KCC reacts to water con-duction were analyzed.

Crack Propagation Path in Two-Directionally Graded Composites Subjected to Mixed-Mode Ⅰ+Ⅱ Loading

Crack propagation path in two-directionally graded composites was investigated by the finite element method.A graded extended finite element method(XFEM)was employed to calculate displacement and stress fields in cracked graded structures.And a post-processing subroutine of interaction energy integral was implemented to extract the mixed-mode stress intensity factors(SIFs).The maximum hoop stress(MHS)criterion was adopted to predict crack growth direction based on the assumption of local homogenization of asymptotic crack-tip fields in graded materials.Effects of material nonhomogeneous parameters on crack propagation paths were also discussed in detail.It is shown that the present method can provide relatively accurate predictions of crack paths in two-directionally graded composites.Crack propagates in the decreasing direction of effective Young′s modulus.The shape and steepness of property gradient perpendicular to the crack surface have great influences on crack paths.Through redesigning material property reasonably,crack growth in graded material can be changed to improve mechanical behaviours of cracked structures.

A continuous-discontinuous cellular automaton method for cracks growth and coalescence in brittle material

A method of continuous-discontinuous cellular automaton for modeling the growth and coalescence of multiple cracks in brittle material is presented. The method uses the level set to track arbitrary discontinuities, and calculation grids are independent of the discontinuities and no remeshing are required with the crack growing. Based on Grif- fith fracture theory and Mohr-Coulumb criterion, a mixed fracture criterion for multiple cracks growth in brittle mate- rial is proposed. The method treats the junction and coales- cence of multiple cracks, and junction criterion and coales- cence criterion for brittle material are given, too. Besides, in order to overcome the tracking error in the level set ap- proximation for crack junction and coalescence, a dichotomy searching algorithm is proposed. Introduced the above the- ories into continuous-discontinuous cellular automaton, the present method can be applied to solving multiple crack growth in brittle material, and only cell stiffness is needed and no assembled global stiffness is needed. Some numerical examples are given to shown that the present method is efficient and accurate for crack junction, coalescence and percolation problems.

Strain Energy Release Rate Analyse of Matrix Micro Cracking in Composite Cross-Ply Laminates

The stress field distribution in composite cross ply laminates damaged by matrix cracking is analysed through an approach which uses several hypotheses to simplify the damage state. The proposed cracking criterion involves the partial components of the strain energy release rate associated with transverse and longitudinal cracking. The respective contributions of the 0° and 90° layers to the damage process are also investigated. The initiation of transverse and longitudinal cracking mechanisms is predicted. We also give an assessment of the influence of each individual component of the stress tensor on the strain energy release rate of the damaged laminate.

水压作用下岩体裂隙压剪起裂准则

为深入研究裂隙闭合与非闭合2种情况下裂隙水导致岩体压剪断裂机理,建立相应的压剪起裂准则。首先,研究初始地应力及裂隙水压作用下的非闭合裂隙尖端应力强度因子及起裂准则,并讨论压剪系数和水压对裂隙压剪起裂应力的影响;其次,研究闭合裂隙压剪破坏机理,并讨论裂隙尖端相对临界尺寸和裂隙面摩擦因数对临界水压(裂隙起裂时的水压)的影响;最后,采用室内试验及现场测试结果对上述两类准则的合理性进行验证。研究结果表明:非闭合裂隙尖端应力强度因子KⅠ应为裂隙面上法向压应力引起的KⅠ(N)及平行于裂隙面的横向压应力引起的KⅠ(T)之和,且其起裂模式多为压剪起裂;基于周群力等提出的经验压剪断裂准则,提出相应的非闭合裂隙压剪起裂准则;随着压剪系数增加,起裂应力分别呈非线性增加;随着水压增加,起裂应力呈非线性减小。在水压作用下,闭合裂隙压剪起裂模式往往为拉伸起裂,且裂隙尖端的KⅠ≡0,由此提出了考虑裂隙尖端T应力的修正最大周向应力准则;随着裂隙尖端相对临界尺寸增加,临界水压呈线性减小;随着裂隙面摩擦因数增加,临界水压呈非线性增加。

Influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the seismic stability of cracked slopes

Cracks in rock or soil slopes influence the stability and durability of the slopes. Seismic forces can trigger slope disasters, particularly in the cracked slopes. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of materials, the more generalized nonlinear failure criterion proposed by Baker is adopted. The influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the stability of cracked slopes under earthquakes is performed using the upper bound limit analysis. The seismic displacement is calculated by adopting the logarithmic spiral failure surface according to the sliding rigid block model. Based on the existing studies, two methods for the stability analysis of cracked slopes under earthquakes are introduced: the pseudo-static method(with the factor of safety(Fs) as an evaluation index), and the displacement-based method(with the seismic displacement as an evaluation index). The pseudo-static method can only determine the instantaneous stability state of the cracked slope, yet the displacement-based methodreflects the stability variation of cracked slopes during earthquakes. The results indicate that the nondimensional strength parameters affect the factor of safety and seismic displacement of slopes significantly. The non-dimensional strength parameter(n) controlling the curvature of strength function shapes on the slope stability is affected by other parameters. Owing to cracks, the effect of non-dimensional strength parameters on seismic displacement becomes more significant.

不同应力路径下岩石细观力学性能离散元研究

岩体工程中的应力状态对围岩的稳定性具有重要影响。为研究地下巷道中岩体应力状态对围岩稳定性的影响规律,基于离散元理论,对地下巷道开挖过程的应力状态进行分析,开展了围压卸载—轴压增加、围压卸载—轴压不变和围压卸载—轴压减少3种不同卸载路径下的三轴压缩数值模拟试验,并与常规三轴压缩试验进行对比,分析了不同应力路径下的岩石宏观强度特征及细观损伤过程差异性。结果表明:强度准则和应力张量状态不受卸载路径的影响,但不同应力路径下岩体的损伤过程不同,围压卸载—轴压不变应力路径下的微观裂纹发育最密集,而围压卸载—轴压增加应力路径下的裂纹丛集速度最快。研究结果可为地下巷道开挖过程中的围岩应力卸载破坏分析提供参考。

动力荷载下钢管混凝土墩柱抗震性能极限分析

为研究钢管混凝土桥墩极限抗震性能,采用Abaqus软件建立圆钢管混凝土桥墩三维实体-壳单元有限元模型。为更准确的描述圆钢管混凝土桥墩的抗震性能退化、震后残余位移变化规律,模型中对混凝土引入裂缝、对钢管引入韧性损伤,进行单向拟静力、单向拟动力、双向拟动力、振动台加载下圆钢管混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验验证。分析结果表明:考虑水平裂缝和钢材韧性损伤影响的钢管混凝土墩柱实体-壳精细有限元塑性抗震计算方法合理,反映循环荷载下钢管混凝土桥墩的滞回曲线“捏拢”效应、塑性大变形阶段承载力退化现象和单、双向动力荷载下钢管混凝土桥墩震后残余位移,也反映钢管混凝土墩柱的界面滑移和约束作用规律;相同地震波作用下全填充钢管混凝土桥墩的地震响应最小,填充混凝土有利于提高桥墩的极限抗震能力。提出适用于双向地震波作用的钢管混凝土桥墩墩顶残余位移与最大位移响应之间的计算公式。

浅埋煤层工作面开采覆岩应力场-裂隙场时变演化规律研究

为研究采煤工作面上覆岩层采动应力演化特征及破断过程,以高家梁煤矿40101工作面开采为例,建立数值模型,对工作面开采过程中应力场-裂隙场演化规律进行模拟。结果表明:利用莫尔-库伦准则分析最大主应力与最小主应力差值的变化规律可以判断岩层垮落、破坏之间的关系,通过数值模拟结果与现场实测结果进行比对,可以验证工作面开采过程中裂隙场与应力场时变演化的正确性。

复合固体推进剂强度、损伤与断裂失效研究进展

从强度、损伤、断裂和跨尺度分析4个方面综述了复合固体推进剂失效的研究进展及发展方向,指出现有的强度特性研究载荷相对简单且参数确定方法不统一,多因素耦合影响下的强度失效准则研究不足;缺乏复杂应力动态加载下的细观结构全场实时分析手段,损伤失效判据不够精准;复合固体推进剂断裂力学行为研究的实验标准尚未建立,对动态加载下复合型裂纹尖端损伤形貌的分析表征不够充分,传统的断裂判据的适用性有待进一步验证;固体火箭发动机药柱结构失效破坏的跨尺度研究尚处于初步探索阶段,损伤跨尺度非线性演化机理、冲击载荷下的跨尺度突变机理以及损伤演化的随机性成为跨尺度研究的重点。最后对复合固体推进剂失效破坏的研究方向与发展趋势进行了展望,认为完善实验标准与动态多尺度观测技术、构建固体推进剂损伤失效全过程演化模型、建立考虑黏弹特性和内部损伤的复合型裂纹断裂判据、依据细观破坏机制建立考虑损伤-断裂-强度耦合作用的失效破坏模型是下一步研究的方向。附参考文献188篇。