Workflow and Principles for Precisely Designing a Custom-Made Polyetheretherketone Implant Applied in Irregular Craniofacial Bone Defects

Irregular craniofacial bone defects caused by craniofacial fractures always result in craniofacial bone and contour asymmetry and should therefore be reconstructed.Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)is an ideal substitute for autologous bone grafts and has been widely used in craniofacial bone defect reconstruction.The precise design of custom-made PEEK implants is particularly important to optimise reconstruction.Herein,the workflow and principles for the design and manufacture of PEEK implants are summarised,and a protocol for the precise design of an irregular craniofacial bone defect PEEK implant is presented.According to the method and principles,the design flow was efficient and could be standardised,and design errors could be avoided as much as possible.

Phosphoserine enhanced Cu-doped bioactive glass dynamic dual-network hydrogel for craniofacial bone defect repair

Flexible hydrogels containing various osteogenic inorganic constituents,which can accommodate complicated shape variations,are considered as ideal grafts for craniofacial bone defect reconstruction.However,in most hybrid hydrogels,poor interaction between the polymer network and particles has detrimental effects on hydrogel rheological and structural properties,clinical manipulation and repair efficacy.In this article,we designed and prepared a series of hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel containing Cu-doped bioactive glass(CuBG)and phosphoserine(PS),in which hyaluronic acid was modified by methacrylate groups and phenylboronic acid groups to form a double crosslinked network.PS acted as an interaction bridge of CuBG particles and HAMA-PBA network to improve the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels.The CuBG/PS hydrogels exhibited suitable rheological properties(injectable,self-healing,shape-adaptable),bone tissue integrating ability and anti-bacterial property.Meanwhile,we found that CuBG and PS have synergistic effect on improving osteogenic efficiency both in vitro and in vivo,particularly when the ratio of CuBG to PS is lower than 3(9CB/3PS).This work provided a versatile and scalable approach to enhanced the interaction within inorganic particles and polymer network in hydrogels without extra modification on components.