Kinematic Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Eccentric Conjugate Non-circular Gear & Crank-Rocker & Gears Train Weft Insertion Mechanism

A novel weft insertion mechanism named eccentric conjugate non-circular gear & crank-rocker & gears train weft insertion mechanism was proposed in order to better meet the requirements of rapier loom's weft insertion mechanism as well as reduce the manufacturing difficulty. Meanwhile, based on the working principle of this mechanism, kinematical mathematic models of this mechanism were established and an aided analysis and simulation software was compiled. The influences of eccentricity ratio, deformation coefficient, and other important parameters on the kinematics characteristics of this mechanism were analyzed by using the software. A group of preferable parameters which could meet the requirements of weft insertion technology were obtained by means of human-computer interactive optimization method. The maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and variation of acceleration of this mechanism are smaller than those of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism applied on TT96 rapier loom under the conditions of the same unilateral total stroke of rapier head and the same rotary speed of loom spindle; meanwhile the other demands of weaving technology can be met by this novel weft insertion mechanism.

Comparison and analysis of two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Coulomb dry friction model versus the modified Coulomb friction model on the dynamic behavior of the slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint. The normal and tangential forces acting on the contact points between the journal and the bearing are described by using a Hertzian-based contact force model and the Coulomb friction models, respectively.The dynamic equations of the mechanism are derived based on the Lagrange equations of the first kind and the Baumgarte stabilization method. The frictional force is solved via the linear complementarity problem(LCP) algorithm and the trial-and-error algorithm.Finally, three numerical examples are given to show the influence of the two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of the mechanism. Numerical results show that due to the stick friction, the slider-crank mechanism may exhibit stick-slip motion and can balance at some special positions, while the mechanism with ideal joints cannot.

A method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed presses

A new method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed mechanical presses was put forward. By analyzing the kinematic characteristics of a center-located slider-crank mechanism whose crank rotates at a constant angular velocity,the kinematic parameters of the slide,connecting rod and crank were formulated approximately. On the basis of the results above,three inertia forces and the input moment in the mechanism during its idle running were investigated and formulated by dynamic analysis. A verification experiment was performed on a slider-crank mechanism at a high-speed press machine. The forces derived from the established formulas were compared respectively with those obtained by the ADAMS software and the classical method of connecting rod mass substitution. It was experimentally found that the proposed formulas have an improved performance over related earlier techniques. By use of these results,a 1 000 kN 1 250 rpm four-point high-speed press machine was designed and manufactured. The slide of this press is driven by four sets of slider-crank mechanisms with symmetrical layout and opposite rotation directions to counterbalance the horizontal inertia forces. Four eccentric counterbalance blocks were designed to counterbalance the vertical force after their mass and equivalent eccentric radius were formulated. The high-speed press machine designed by the proposed counterbalance method has worked with satisfactory performance and good dynamic balance for more than four years in practical production.

Kinematic Characteristics Analysis and Parametric Solving of Snow Melting Agent Throwing Mechanism with Variable Crank Length

Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Ydirection equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y-direction is comparitively the greatest.

NOVEL METHOD OF REALIZING THE OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION OF THE CRANK-AND-ROCKERMECHANISM DESIGN

A novel method of realizing the optimal transmission of the crank-and-rockermechanism is presented. The optimal combination design is made by finding the related optimaltransmission parameters. The diagram of the optimal transmission is drawn. In the diagram, therelation among mini-mum transmission angle, the coefficient of travel speed variation, theoscillating angle of the rocker and the length of the bars is shown, concisely, conveniently anddirectly. The method possesses the main characteristic. That it is to achieve the optimaltransmission parameters under the transmission angle by directly choosing in the diagram, accordingto the given requirements. The characteristics of the mechanical transmission can be improved togain the optimal transmission effect by the method. Especially, the method is simple and convenientin practical use.

基于Pro/Mechanism的柴油机动力计算

以16V 240柴油机为例,使用美国参数技术公司Pro/Engineer大型设计软件的MDX(Mechanism Design extension)CAE模块进行曲柄连杆机构的动力计算,将MDX计算的结果与理论计算的结果进行比较,并且在曲柄连杆机构动力计算的基础上,进行16V240柴油机输出扭矩的计算.计算结果表明基于Pro/Mechanism的柴油机动力计算的方法切实可行.

A New Design Method for Realizing Accurate Track of Hybrid-driven Five-bar Mechanism

The concept of virtual slider crank mechanism is proposed and decoupled to obtain parameters of controllable five bar mechanism without any principle error for any given trajectory. The model is simple and easy to solve. This method has no convergence,flexible workspace and singularity of the mechanism problem. Through this method,we don’ t need any curve to fit the trajectory point. Using MATLAB program to calculate,the computation time can be reduced to less than 3% of the original. Finally,an example is given to illustrate the method which is meanwhile compared with the traditional five bar design method.

茶园仿生往复式开沟松土机设计与试验

丘陵山区茶园土壤板结、石砾较多,使用传统旋转或移动式开沟机会出现打石跳刀、刀具无法入土、开沟不深、作业阻力大的问题。为此,依据人工铲土具有自发性以最低功耗完成最优作业路径的特点,设计仿人工铲土动作的曲柄摇杆式开沟装置,并研制小型茶园往复式开沟松土机。通过分析人工使用铁锹铲土的动作,建立入土、切土、抛土的运动模型,基于Matlab软件分析得到人工铲土时铁锹锹尖运动轨迹的拟合方程,以此方程为基准,建立曲柄连杆机构的目标函数,结合约束条件解出曲柄摇杆机构结构参数,同时对开沟铲进行开沟阻力分析,确定开沟铲的结构参数。建立Recurdyn和EDEM耦合的开沟铲-土壤互作仿真模型,并进行三因素三水平正交试验,对作业和结构参数进行优化,得到最优参数组合:机器前进速度v为0.06 m/s、曲柄转速n为42 r/min、入土倾角φ为80°。田间试验结果表明,茶园往复式开沟松土机作业平均开沟深度为211.5 mm,开沟功率为0.119 kW,沟深稳定性系数为90.9%,相较于传统旋转式开沟机,开沟功率降低6.3%,沟深稳定性系数提高3.1个百分点,整机作业质量满足茶园农艺要求。

Experimental Study of the Motion Modes of a Planar Mechanical System with Multi-Clearance Revolute Joints

Clearances in joints of a mechanical multibody system can induce impulsive forces, leading to vibrations that compromise the system’s reliability, stability, and lifespan. Through dynamic analysis, designers can investigate the effects of the clearances on the dynamics of the multibody system. A revolute joint with clearance exhibits three motions which are;free-flight, impact and continuous contact motion modes. Therefore, a multibody system with n-number of revolute clearance joints will exhibit 3n motion modes which are a combination of the three motions in each joint. This study investigates experimentally the nine motion modes in a mechanical system with two revolute clearance joints. A slider crank mechanism has been used as the demonstrative example. We observed that the experimental curve exhibits a greater impact compared to the simulation curve. In conclusion, this experimental investigation offers valuable insights into the dynamics of planar mechanical systems with multiple clearance revolute joints. Utilizing a slider-crank mechanism for data acquisition, the study successfully confirmed seven out of nine motion modes previously identified in numerical research. The missing modes are attributed to inherent complexities in real-world systems, such as journal-bearing misalignment.

插齿机主运动机构的动平衡优化策略

在插齿过程中插齿机由于主运动机构动不平衡产生了不平衡惯性力,从而引起机床振动和噪声。为此,通过对插齿机主运动机构进行平衡分析,计算曲柄旋转一周的曲柄销与连杆的总不平衡量,采用积分求解和均值求解两种优化计算方法,以均方差作为评价指标制定优化策略。插齿机YKW51160主运动机构的平衡量优化实例计算表明,积分优化法与均值优化法计算的平衡块的不平衡量相近,相差不超过0.2 kg·m,积分优化后的不平衡量均方差为0.614,波动更小,减振效果更好。

基于Ansys的曲柄滑块机构的运动学分析在教学课程中的应用

在机械原理的教学中,曲柄滑块机构的设计原理与方法是重点和难点问题,传统的实物实验对曲柄滑块机构的种类、复杂性都有很大的限制,不利于学生对曲柄滑块系统运行规律的掌握。基于此,利用Ansys中的workbench建立了曲柄滑块机构运动仿真模型,通过对模型进行分析设置,对典型曲柄滑块机构进行运动仿真,得出了曲柄滑块机构的位移及应力、应变的分析结果,为机械结构仿真教学提供了有效的方法。

智能手指关节功能康复训练器创新结构设计

因运动、年龄老化等因素导致手指功能损伤患者数量不断增加。针对这类人群进行手指康复器的设计,与传统康复产品相比,具有控制简单、方便、成本相对较低特点。通过分析仿手指运动的自由度,建立了曲柄摇杆机构,可以应用于手指康复器的结构设计;以主要机械构件和手指关节转动角度为参考因素,得出了机构的运动轨迹,在此基础上,得到各机械构件的合理尺寸,从而完成对机械构件的结构设计。通过模拟手指拉伸、弯曲来实现手指的康复功能。通过分析运动的角位移、角速度使得所得的机构更加符合手指的合理运动范围。运动仿真实验表明,该机构能带动手指在一定角度范围进行弯曲拉伸运动,可以满足手指损伤患者的康复训练需求。

一种曲柄连杆式惯容器的力学性能与隔震性能研究

基于惯容器(inerter)的耗能装置近年来受到结构减隔振(震)领域学者的极大关注。该文研究了一种新型惯容器——曲柄连杆式惯容器(CTI)。CTI由曲柄、连杆、齿轮箱和飞轮组成,具有表观质量可调和位移兼容性强等优点。提出了CTI装置与隔震支座在桥梁抗震中的联合布置形式。推导得到了CTI的表观质量解析表达式,及其线性近似条件。对CTI样机开展了不同表观质量及不同工作姿态下的力学性能试验。以一座典型的三跨变截面连续梁桥为例,采用数值方法研究了CTI在桥梁抗震中的参数设计方法并验证了其可靠性。研究结果表明:CTI可简化为线性惯容器的条件为最大变形应小于曲柄长度的0.312倍,连杆长度应大于曲柄长度的1.803倍。力学性能试验得到的表观质量与理论结果基本一致,通过改变曲柄长度可实现表观质量的精确调节,在线性工作范围内连杆工作姿态对表观质量影响不大。将CTI与隔震支座组合使用可在保证不发生落梁的情况下适度放大主墩顶处隔震支座的变形,提高其耗能效果,从而降低桥梁下部结构的地震响应。

基于SimMechanics的曲柄滑块机构运动分析

简要介绍了SimMechanics动态仿真工具 ,提出了运用仿真技术对曲柄滑块机构进行运动分析的方法。通过实例得出 :它具有系统建模方便直观、仿真功能强大 ,自动模型分析等强大优势 ,可很好地对机械系统的各种运动进行分析 ,从而为机械系统的建模仿真提供一个强大而方便的工具。

高承载曲轴用34CrNiMo6钢调质处理工艺强韧化机理研究

针对高承载曲轴需要高强塑性匹配的要求,选用34CrNiMo6钢并进行调质热处理,研究淬、回火温度对合金钢力学性能的影响规律,建立工艺-组织-性能的匹配关系,揭示合金钢调质热处理后强韧化机理。得出结论为:回火温度一定时,随着淬火温度升高,34CrNiMo6钢硬度、强度是逐渐小幅下降,伸长率先增加后减少,并在860℃时达到峰值,冲击功则逐渐增加。淬火温度一定时,随回火温度增加,硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度呈现出先降低后增加最后又降低的趋势,伸长率和冲击功呈现出先增加后减小的抛物线形态。在580℃回火,硬度、强度达到小高峰,伸长率获得最大值,冲击功比560℃时的最大值略有下降。当回火温度超过600℃时,各项性能急剧下降。因此,34CrNiMo6钢的最佳调质工艺为:860℃淬火+580℃回火,其强韧化机理与索氏体的细化程度和残余奥氏体含量及变形过程组织中的位错密度有关。

基于simmechanics的曲柄压力机机构仿真分析

曲柄压力机是利用曲柄连杆机构完成材料成形的设备,利用simmechanics建立曲柄连杆机构的仿真模型,对其进行运动学和动力学仿真,可以得到机构各组成部分的运动和动力数据,避免了解析法的建立数学模型及编程的繁琐过程,具有快捷、准确、直观的特点,同时也为机构的优化设计提供了重要的参考依据。

基于多柔体动力学的葡萄挑藤机构参数优化与试验

针对目前中国北方露地葡萄栽培区缺乏春季葡萄藤上架作业机械的问题,该研究提出了曲柄摇杆式挑藤机构,该机构采用曲柄摇杆结构带动推藤杆和挑藤杆运动,推藤杆用于聚拢葡萄藤,挑藤杆按照既定轨迹进行挑藤。采用Matlab软件对挑藤杆的挑藤轨迹进行了参数优化,得到较优的挑藤轨迹。通过物理试验和计算确定了挑藤机构的弹簧预紧力、弹性系数等结构参数,分析了挑藤过程。其次,基于多柔体动力学(multi-flexible-body dynamics, MFBD)仿真技术建立了葡萄藤的柔性体模型与挑藤作业模型,以前进速度、弹簧预紧力和曲柄转速为试验因素,以平均挑藤角度和角度变异系数为评价指标,设计Box-Behnken仿真试验并进行回归分析。依据多目标优化原则,得到最佳参数组合;进一步基于土槽试验,验证曲柄摇杆式挑藤机构优化结果的准确性。仿真优化结果表明,当前进速度为0.2 m/s,弹簧预紧力为128 N,曲柄转速为67 r/min时,其平均挑藤角度最大、角度变异系数最小,分别为40.6°和6.0%。土槽试验的挑藤机构平均挑藤角度为43.2°,与仿真挑藤角度相对误差为6.4%,角度变异系数为14.8%。土槽试验结果表明仿真优化结果可靠,挑藤角度准确且挑藤均匀性较好,满足葡萄藤上架的角度要求。该研究可为后续葡萄藤挑藤绑藤一体机的研制提供参考。

可变幅振动式咖啡收获机设计与试验

针对咖啡人工采收成本高、大型机械采收困难等问题,以曲柄滑块式传动机构为基础,设计一款小型可变幅振动式咖啡收获机。通过建立咖啡果实-果柄的脱落力学模型,分析得到果实脱离果柄的条件,依据曲柄滑块的设计方式,构建传动结构的运动简图与计算公式;采用ANSYS Workbench与Adams软件,进行模型的动力学仿真分析;以传动结构的曲柄长度、摇杆长度和转速为试验因素,惯性力为试验指标,进行三因素三水平的正交试验与响应曲面分析,建立惯性力二次多项式回归模型,以果-柄结合力5.25~7.16 N为优化目标,确定收获机的结构参数和工作参数。结果表明,在保证传动结构运行状态平稳的优先原则下,得到咖啡收获机结构设计的最优参数组合为曲柄长度15 mm,摇杆长度100 mm,转速700 r/min;通过样机试制与田间试验,转速在700 r/min左右,总体的作业效果良好。研究为后续的咖啡机械化收获提供参考。

内燃机中的曲柄滑块机构在机械中的应用研究

内燃机中的曲柄滑块机构采用了平面连杆机构,它是组成机械最常用的传动机构之一,在各种机械中有着广泛的应用,本文分析了曲柄滑块机构及其演化机构在内燃机、公交地铁车门、牛头刨床、飞机起落架和惯性筛中的应用,画出了机构运动简图,并对其性能进行了研究,为曲柄滑块机构在机械中的应用提供参考。