Mechanical characteristic and failure mechanism of joint with composite sucker rod

Composite sucker rods are widely used in oil fields because of light weight,high strength,and corrosion resistance.Bonded technology becomes the primary connection method of composites.However,the joints with composite sucker rods are prone to debone and fracture.The connected characteristics are less considered,so the failure mechanism of the joint is still unclear.Based on the cohesive zone model(CZM)and the Johnson-Cook constitutive model,a novel full-scale numerical model of the joint with composite sucker rod was established,and verified by pull-out experiments.The mechanical properties and slip characteristics of the joint were studied,and the damaged procession of the joint was explored.The results showed that:a)the numerical model was in good agreement with the experimental results,and the error is within 5%;b)the von Mises stress,shear stress,and interface stress distributed symmetrically along the circumferential path increased gradually from the fixed end to the loading end;c)the first-bonded interface near the loading end was damaged at first,followed by debonding of the second-bonded interface,leading to the complete shear fracture of the epoxy,and resulted in the debonding of the joint with composite sucker rod,which can provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization of the joint.

Effect of rod-like grain on properties and toughening mechanism of 3Y-TZP/Al_2O_3 ceramics

In-situ rod-like Al2O3 grain was prepared by adding CAS multiphase additives under the sintering condition of 30 MPa, 1 550℃and 1 h.The sintering behaviors,microstructure,toughening mechanism and access of Al2O3 ceramics were investigated by SEM,EDS and WDW omnipotent electronic mechanical testing machine,etc,and the crack propagating model of cylindrical crystal/3Y-TZP composite toughening Al2O3 ceramics was established.The results show that the composite additives prompt the anisotropic growth of Al2O3 grain,which strengthens toughening effect of 3Y-TZP in 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite ceramics.Moreover, the experimental material density is near to theoretical density,bending strength is 556.35 MPa,and fracture toughness is 6.73 MPa·m1 /2.The mechanical properties of the materials are obviously improved.

Effect of Cerium on Mechanical Performance and Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Rod for Electrical Purpose

The effect of rare earth element Ce on mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of aluminum rod for electrical purpose were studied under industrial production condition. Using optical microscope, SEM, TEM, EDS and X-ray diffractometer, the microstructure and phase composition of aluminum rod were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that the content of rare earth element Ce is between 0.05% -0.16% in the aluminum rod for electrical purpose. Its tensile strength is enhanced to some extent. The research also discovers that the tensile strength is enhanced remarkably with impurity element Si content increases. Because influence of Si is big to the conductivity, the Si content should be controlled continuously strictly in the aluminum for electrical purpose. Adding rare earth element Ce reduces the solid solubility of Si in the aluminum matrix, and the negative effect of Si on the aluminum conductor reduces effectively. So the limit of in Si content in aluminum rod for electrical purpose can be relaxed moderately.

Modeling and analysis of nonlinear mechanics of a super-thin elastic rod

Nonlinear mechanics for a super-thin elastic rod with the biological background of DNA super-coiling macromolecules is an interdisciplinary research area of classical mechanics and molecular biology. It is also a subject of dynamics and elasticity because elastic bodies are analyzed via the theory of dynamics. It is in frontiers of general mechanics （dynamics and control）. This dissertation is devoted to model a constrained super-thin elastic rod and analyze its stability in equilibrium. The existing research results are summarized. Analytical mechanics is systematically applied to model the elastic rod. The Schroedinger equation for complex curvatures or complex bending moments is, respectively, extended from the case of circular crosssections to that of non-circular ones. The equilibrium of a rod constrained on a surface is investigated.

A general solution for one dimensional chemo-mechanical coupled hydrogel rod

Smart hydrogels are environmentally sensitive hydrogels, which can produce a sensitive response to external stimuli, and often exhibit the characteristics of multi filed coupling. In this paper, a hydrogel rod under chemomechanical coupling was analytically studied based on a poroelastical model. The already known constitutive and governing equations were simplified into the one dimensional case, then two different boundary conditions were considered. The expressions of concentration, displacement,chemical potential and stress related to time were obtained in a series form. Examples illustrate the interaction mechanism of chemical and mechanical effect. It was found that there was a balance state in the diffusion of concentration and the diffusion process could lead to the expansion or the stress change of the hydrogel rod.

Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4) nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous carbon nanorod:High rate capability material for potassium-ion batteries

Considering their superior theoretical capacity and low voltage plateau,bismuth(Bi)-based materials are being widely explored for application in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Unfortunately,pure Bi and Bibased compounds suffer from severe electrochemical polarization,agglomeration,and dramatic volume fluctuations.To develop an advanced bismuth-based anode material with high reactivity and durability,in this work,the pyrolysis of Bi-based metal-organic frameworks and in-situ selenization techniques have been successfully used to produce a Bi-based composite with high capacity and unique structure,in which Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)nanoparticles are encapsulated in carbon nanorods(Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR).Applied as the anode material of PIBs,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR displays fast potassium storage capability with 307.5 m A h g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)and durable cycle performance of 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Notably,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR also showed long cycle stability over 1600 cycles when working in a full cell system with potassium vanadate as the cathode material,which further demonstrates its promising potential in the field of PIBs.Additionally,the dual potassium storage mechanism of the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR based on conversion and alloying reaction has also been revealed by in-situ X-ray diffraction.

Study of the axial density/impedance gradient composite long rod hypervelocity penetration into a four-layer Q345 target

Based on the dynamic shock response of the material and structure,the hypervelocity impact processes and mechanisms of long composite rods with axial density/impedance gradients penetration into fourlayer targets were studied through experiments and numerical simulation methods.The propagation law of the shock waves,together with the structural responses of the projectiles and targets,the formation and evolution of the fragment groups formed during the processes and their distributions were described.The damage of each target plate was quantitatively analysed by comparing the results of the experiment and numerical simulation.The results showed that the axial density/impedance gradient projectiles could decrease the impact pressure to a certain extent,and the degree of damage to the target plate decreased layer by layer when the head density/impedance of the projectile was high.When the head density/impedance of the projectile was low,the degree of target damage first increased layer by layer until the projectile was completely eroded and then it decreased.The results can provide a reference for the design and application of long rods with axial composite structure for velocities ranging from 6 to 10 Ma or greater.

铸态下Sn-Bi二元共晶焊料合金的组织特征及其力学性能

研究了四种不同Bi含量(45%、50%、55%、60%)的Sn-Bi二元共晶合金自由凝固下的组织特征和力学性能,探讨了Sn-Bi二元共晶合金的晶体生长机制以及Bi元素含量对合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:Sn-Bi二元亚共晶合金铸态下的金相组织为初生Sn固溶体相和Sn/Bi共晶层片集群构成,随着Bi含量的增加,呈树枝晶形态生长的初生Sn相数量减少,形态长大。初生Sn固溶体相内部脱溶析出大量的杆状或点状Bi相,形成杆状共晶结构;Sn-Bi二元过共晶合金铸态下的金相组织为初生Bi相和Sn/Bi共晶层片集群构成,初生Bi相中基本不固溶Sn元素,呈小平面方式生长,并在在初生Bi相周围包裹生长一层Sn晕圈相。在室温下,Sn-Bi二元共晶合金的硬度和强度随着Bi含量的增加而上升,延伸率随着Bi含量的增加先上升后下降。

含多关节间隙平面柔性六杆机构的动力学分析

为提高机构的动力学分析精度,基于平面六杆机构,同时考虑多个关节间隙与构件柔性对多体机构动力学响应的影响。通过实体建模和引用ADAMS软件中“冲击函数”接触力模型,对含有多个间隙关节与柔性连杆的六杆机构进行动力学模拟仿真,研究间隙数量、间隙位置、间隙大小、柔性连杆及其与间隙耦合对系统动力学性能影响。研究结果表明:与单关节间隙相比,多关节间隙会产生更大的接触力,导致构件的加速度波动更加剧烈;间隙关节距离电机位置越近,则对机构的动力学行为影响越明显;考虑连杆柔性时,可以极大地降低间隙对机构动力学波动的影响。

岩爆机制及其控制

随着岩体工程向深部发展,开挖引发的围岩大变形和强冲击诱发的动力破坏日益严峻。岩爆作为深部地下工程中常见的一种强动力灾害,被称为岩土工程界的“癌症”,其具有突发性特点,难以有效预报及防治,严重地威胁着施工人员的安全和设备的正常运行。通过对比岩石在真三轴卸荷和单轴压缩这2种应力路径下的储能差异,对岩爆多余能量机制进行探讨。首先,根据岩爆诱发机制的不同,将岩爆分为由应力集中导致的应变型岩爆和扰动诱发的冲击岩爆。然后,模拟开挖诱发的不同类型岩爆的应力路径进而在室内再现各种岩爆现象,并对其机制进行研究,自主研发3套真三轴岩爆模拟试验系统:第1代应变岩爆试验系统、第2代应变岩爆试验系统、冲击岩爆试验系统。同时,在实验室内成功模拟不同类型的岩爆:巷道应变岩爆、巷道交叉点应变岩爆、3个临空面矿柱应变岩爆、矿柱应变岩爆以及动荷载诱发的冲击岩爆。最后,为有效控制岩爆灾害,提出开挖补偿法,并研发具有负泊松比效应的宏观和微观NPR锚杆/索。工程实践证明,NPR锚杆/索能提供高预应力来补偿开挖造成的应力损失,同时具备良好的延展性和吸能效果,可为岩爆灾害的防治提供有效途径。

示范快堆非能动棒驱动机构可靠性指标验证研究

示范快堆非能动棒驱动机构是非能动停堆机构的组成部分之一,用于在反应堆启动时提升非能动棒。非能动棒驱动机构的可靠性验证采用定数试验的方法。由于相关标准在适应性方面存在部分问题,基于相关概率统计理论,推导得出非能动棒驱动机构可靠性验证的统计试验方案,并且制定适宜的试验剖面。试验统计结果满足验证方案的接收准则,设备可靠性水平高于指标要求的置信度为70.3%。

摇臂连杆加工工艺与钻专夹设计

文章根据摇臂连杆的结构特点和技术要求,制订了该零件的机械加工工艺规程;在对定位装置、夹具装置及夹具体进行分析的基础上,设计并制造了用于第六道工序Φ35孔的钻孔专用夹具。应用结果表明,该夹具做到了加工精度保证、设计方案合理、结构简单实用,能有效提高摇臂连杆的加工质量及效率。

一种杆长可调的多功能铰链四杆机构模型的设计

设计出一款多功能铰链四杆机构,可使不同机构类型在同一模型上实现。阐述了设计原理,完成了杆长调节机构、限位装置、杆长锁紧装置、机架、多功能连接装置、铅笔固定滑块机构的设计,通过数字化模型呈现其功能。

基于机理仿真的抽油机有杆泵举升系统生产参数优化设计

基于传统经验法和预测模型法的抽油机有杆泵举升系统设计方法在实际应用中要么过于简单要么过于复杂,设计方案的可靠性还有待提升。因此,应用大数据驱动技术从海量抽油机井举升系统设计方案中探索规律,推荐以提高产量和节能降耗为目标的抽汲参数优化设计最优方案,将提升抽油机井举升系统设计方法的科学性和可操作性。文章分析了抽油机井产量主控因素,将软件仿真和现场获取的抽油机井举升系统设计样本进行聚类分析融合得到新的样本库,建立了抽油机井举升系统设计方案的深度学习模型,研究了基于匹配算法的方案相似度模型,开发了抽油机井有杆泵举升系统生产参数设计推荐系统。根据实例计算验证,该系统能够根据待设计井的地质特征和开发特征,从海量样本中匹配到与地质油藏条件相似度高且运行效果良好的举升设计方案,推荐方案的举升参数及举升效果与原有方案相比有较大的提升,证明了计算模型的实际可行性,为抽油机举升系统优化设计提供了新思路及方法。

热管堆固态堆芯燃料辐照-热-力耦合性能分析

热管冷却反应堆(简称:热管堆)具有高可靠性和固有安全性、体积小、模块化和全固态堆芯等特点。固态堆芯燃料服役过程在高温、强辐照、固态约束多因素作用下堆芯的传热和力学性能受到严重影响,基体接触导致应力与间隙换热都随燃耗加深而发生较大非线性改变,且两者相互影响,因此基体在服役过程中的多物理场耦合的辐照-热-力行为复杂。本文基于有限元多物理场分析软件针对固态堆芯燃料开展辐照-热-力耦合分析,考虑UO2芯块与316不锈钢基体的辐照变形效应以及蠕变效应,并在固态堆芯间隙中引入间隙传热模型,探究固态堆芯寿期内间隙变化特点以及传热和力学耦合作用特性。结果显示:基体与燃料包壳的完全接触会导致芯块温度上升以及基体与包壳蠕变现象加强,燃料棒周围平均热管数量较少会导致附近区域较高的温度和应力分布,且寿期中该区域包壳因燃料棒内压和基体-包壳接触压力具有蠕变失效风险。分析结果表明间隙接触会对热管堆固态堆芯的传热和力学性能造成影响,甚至提高包壳的失效风险。

基于振动信号的控制棒驱动机构滚轮早期故障诊断研究

针对现有研究未充分关注控制棒驱动机构(control rod drive mechanism,CRDM)的早期故障诊断问题、很难将故障特征定位至具体部件以及人工引入的故障样本与装备实际故障特征存在差异等不足,提出了一种基于振动信号的CRDM滚轮早期故障诊断方法:首先,利用寿命考核试验时机采集了某密封磁阻马达式CRDM的滚轮全寿命振动信号,基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和Hilbert变换方法进行解调分析,获得与滚轮退化状态相关的模态成分;然后,采用时、频域分析方法获得了11个能够直接表征CRDM滚轮磨损状态的特征量,并根据退化趋势提取出与实际故障特征高度吻合的早期故障样本;最后,分别基于BP神经网络和支持向量机两种方法实现了CRDM滚轮早期故障的多特征智能诊断。结果表明:提取的滚轮早期磨损故障样本与实际运行过程保持了较好的一致性,证明所提CRDM滚轮早期故障诊断方法具有较强的工程应用价值。

基于数字孪生的航天发射塔摆杆机构故障诊断研究

针对因历史故障数据不足,缺少规范的故障数据收集机制和成熟的质量监测管理技术手段,大型复杂机电液系统性能状态难以准确评估的问题,以发射塔电缆摆杆作为典型机构,研究并提出了一种基于数字孪生技术的故障诊断方法。该方法以数字孪生系统“五维模型”理论为基础,构建了摆杆系统数字孪生架构体系;运用UG软件,通过几何运动学和动力学建模,建立了虚拟仿真模型,设计了基于ADAMS和Matlab联合仿真的数字孪生系统。该系统通过仿真信号与实测信号的对比,表明其对于物理实体的模拟仿真精度可达96%。最后,通过典型喘行故障试验,修改虚拟模型有关参数进行仿真,验证基于数字孪生体对摆杆机构故障诊断的有效性,以及利用其论证维修改进方案的可行性。

使用工况条件下核用18Ni(300)钢拉杆的力学性能

研究了由时效热处理18Ni(300)钢制作拉杆的显微组织,以及使用工况条件下拉杆的室温循环加载力学性能和断口形貌,分析了拉杆的断裂模式。结果表明:经过固溶处理的18Ni(300)钢呈现淬火马氏体组织,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸约为24μm,残余奥氏体面积分数约为0.26%;时效处理后,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸约为26μm,未观察到残余奥氏体;18Ni(300)钢马氏体发生回复,(Ni,Co,Fe)3Ti相在位错上析出。模拟安装使用工况条件下,室温循环加载后拉杆试样的循环断裂周次均大于480次,断裂部位主要分布在拉杆螺纹根部;断口由塑性变形区和脆性变形区组成,塑性变形区居中;断面以拉伸断裂特征为主,以疲劳断裂特征为辅,由此推断拉杆主要受轴向拉伸的作用。

加氢裂化新氢压缩机一级活塞杆断裂原因

某石化企业加氢裂化新氢压缩机一级活塞杆发生断裂事故。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法对活塞杆断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:活塞杆断裂性质属于疲劳断裂,断裂的主要原因是一级气缸或中体已发生下沉,造成气缸与中体同轴度偏离;次要原因是该活塞杆材料的强度和冲击性能偏低,硬度偏高,缩短了活塞杆的疲劳寿命。