Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Initial Analysis on the Legal Protection of Consumers＇ Rights and Interests in Network Transaction

With the development of network technology and information technology, electronic commerce as a new business model wiht itsnew trading ideas-＋, In changing the traditional business structure,but also gradually changing people’s shopping patterns and consumptionpatterns,Online shopping has become the preferred way of shopping.Changes in consumption patterns will inevitably lead to new problems inthe process of consumption,and the development speed of the problem in sync with the development speed of network economy,as far as therenewal speed of laws and regulations is concerned,this asymmetric development is bound to bring great inconvenience to the consumer rights innetwork transactions.In this paper, from the angle of legal protection,the protection of consumer rights and interests in network transactions areexpounded,analysis of the current situation and reasons of the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed upon in the network transaction,learnfrom the experience of foreign consumer rights and interests protection,In order to put forward effective suggestions on the system constructionof the protection of consumer rights and interests.

For the People’s Interests

THE annual sessions of China’s top legislative and advisory bodies were held in Beijing from March 3 to 20,during which Xi Jinping was reelected Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People’s republic of China.In his speech on March 20 at the closing meeting of the first session of the 13th National People’s Con-

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

Seeking a Common Platform for Safeguarding Women’s Rights and Interests

＂Women＇s rights and interests are human rights＂ is now a concept accepted by all. The power of the law now safeguards the rights and interests of women. Recalling efforts in recent years to safeguard women＇s rights and interests, we cannot but feel gratified to know that we have made great progress.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

儿童医疗辅导游戏配合童趣化教育对腹腔镜阑尾切除术患儿的影响

目的:探讨儿童医疗辅导游戏配合童趣化教育对腹腔镜阑尾切除术患儿配合度的影响。方法:选取2022年1月1日~11月30日行腹腔镜阑尾切除术患儿577例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组288例和观察组289例,对照组采取常规护理,观察组接受儿童医疗辅导游戏配合童趣化教育干预;比较两组围术期情况、依从性、心理状态[采用改良耶鲁围术期焦虑量表(m YPAS)]及家长满意度。结果:干预后,观察组下床活动、首次通气及住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.01),观察组依从率高于对照组(P<0.01);观察组mYPAS中活动、发声、情绪表达、警惕状态、父母依赖程度评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组家长对服务态度、护理技术及护理质量满意度均高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:儿童医疗辅导游戏配合童趣化教育能明显改善行腹腔镜阑尾切除术患儿的术后恢复情况,提高治疗依从性,减轻患儿围术期焦虑、担忧等心理状态,提升患儿配合度,增加家属满意度。

基于罗森尔塔效应的童趣化护理在肾病综合征患儿中的应用

目的:探讨基于罗森尔塔效应的童趣化护理在肾病综合征患儿中的应用效果。方法:将2022年1月1日~2023年1月31日收治的112例肾病综合征患儿按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各56例,对照组行常规护理,研究组在此基础上实施基于罗森尔塔效应的童趣化护理;比较两组心理状况、应对方式[采用简易应对方式问卷(SCQC)]、治疗依从性及社交焦虑情况[采用儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)]。结果:干预后,研究组心理状况各项评分、SASC评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗依从性高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,研究组积极应对方式评分高于对照组(P<0.05),消极应对方式评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于罗森尔塔效应的童趣化护理能够有效改善肾病综合征患儿的心理状况、社交焦虑情况,提高患儿治疗依从性,使患儿以更积极的态度去面对疾病。

侵犯公民个人信息罪的法定犯意涵

个人信息刑法保护模式的选择离不开对侵犯公民个人信息罪本质属性的认识,目前多数学者将本罪理解为自然犯,但这种认识存在诸多误区。根据学界对自然犯/法定犯区分具有共识的三个标准:首先,从古代国家到现代国家、从现代社会到信息社会,个人信息在社会变迁中经历了“古今之变”,只有在信息社会中才得以获得法律的全面保护;其次,侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益兼具个人法益和超个人法益的双重面向,不应忽视个人信息作为社会交往之构成要素的集体法益维度;最后,侵犯公民个人信息罪中“违反国家有关规定”是法定犯的前置法律法规,其内涵是国家对个人信息处理者施加的合规义务。因此,侵犯公民个人信息罪是法定犯而非自然犯。以此为起点,开展以侵犯公民个人信息罪为代表的法定犯基础理论研究,是未来值得开拓的重要方向。

Lebesgue-Stieljes积分理论的教学设计

针对L-S积分理论作了一个4课时较完整的教学设计.教学内容包括R-S积分、L-S积分、分部积分公式(链式法则)和L-S积分在利率模型中的应用,同时统计了相应的教学反馈信息.

民法典时代的担保物权物上代位制度完善再思考

对于担保物权物上代位,《民法典》第390条并未作出有别于物权法的表述,《担保制度解释》从体系解释的角度就其实现程序进行了修补,但远未完善。沿着体系解释的路径继续前行,遵循担保物权价值权的属性以及物权法定原则可知,物上代位的客体是债权请求权,担保物权人基于物上代位的权利应定性为法定的债权质权。因应“由不动产担保到收益担保”的担保法范式转换潮流,《民法典》第390条规定的担保物权物上代位适用情形不应仅作文义解释,而应从制度目的以及体系协调的角度综合考虑,解释为包括转让、互易等相对灭失情形为宜。担保物权物上代位的行使涉及担保权人、担保人与给付义务人等第三人利益的平衡,故应围绕代位财产的保全与界定而完善其行使规则,主要包括相关当事人的通知与注意义务、代位财产的识别与公示等。

随机利率下B-S模型基于非参数估计的期权保险精算定价

引入服从Hull-White模型的随机利率,讨论了广义B-S模型欧式期权的保险精算定价问题.利用标的资产价格过程的实际概率测度和公平保费原理,得到了在期权有效期内有无红利支付两种情况下,欧式期权的保险精算定价公式.考虑到期权的保险定价问题依赖于未知的模型参数——标的资产价格的波动率、随机利率过程的漂移参数和波动率参数,利用资产价格和随机利率的观测数据,给出了基于模型参数估计的保险精算定价公式,并讨论了所得定价公式的相合性.