APPLICATION OF MAP AND FILE INFORMATIONVISUALIZATION SYSTEM TO COMPREHENSIVEDIVISION OF NATURAL DISASTERS- Takingthe ChangjiangValleg as an Example

ABSTRACT: This paper generalizes the makeup and forming dynamic mechanism of natural disaster systems, principles and methods of comprehensive division of natural disasters, as well as structure, function and up-build routes of map and file information visualization system (MFIVS). Taking the Changjiang(Yangtze) Valley as an example, on the basis of revealing up the integrated mechanism on the formations of its natural disasters and its distributing law, thereafter, the paper relies on the MFIVS technique, adopts two top-down and bottom-up approaches to study a comprehensive division of natural disasters. It is relatively objective and precise that the required division results include three natural disaster sections and nine natural disaster sub-sections, which can not only provide a scientific basis for utilizing natural resources and controlling natural disaster and environmental degradation, but also be illuminated to a concise, practical and effective technique on comprehensive division.

Life Loss Estimation Based on Dam-Break Flood Uncertainties and Lack of Information in Mountainous Regions of Western China

Compared with urban floods, dam-break floods are associated with greater uncertainties, including variable dam-break modes and hydrological characteristics, so conventional flood estimation methods cannot be directly applied in the estimation of dam-break flood loss. In particular, there is scant information regarding the conditions of affected area and hydrological characteristics in southwest China. In this paper, we introduce an integrated model for estimating flood loss that is adapted to the mountainous regions of southwestern China in light of the relative lack of available information. This model has three major components: a basic information model, a dam-routed flood propagation simulation model, and a loss estimation model. We established the basic information model despite the relative lack of available information using 3S technology [remote sensing(RS); geographical information system(GIS); global positioning system(GPS)], data mining technology, and statistical analysis techniques. Our dam-routed flood propagation simulation model consists of major hydrologic processes and their governing equations for flow propagation, which we solve using finite-difference schemes. In this model, the flood propagation area is divided into grids and each grid is determined by the characteristic parameters obtained from the propagationsimulation. We present a case study of the Lianghekou hydropower station in Sichuan Province, China to illustrate the practical application of this integrated model for life loss estimation.

Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City──Application of GIS

For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.

环境监测中干扰采样行为的刑法定性

司法实践中,以物理方式干扰环境监测设备采样的行为常被认定为破坏计算机信息系统罪,最具代表性的是最高人民法院第104号指导性案例。然而,此类判决存在三方面问题,即用司法解释架空刑法条文、用保护法益架空构成要件、用系统目的无法实现代替系统不能正常运行。破坏计算机信息系统罪的保护法益应为计算机信息系统的正常运行,以物理方式干扰采样行为不符合《刑法》第286条第1款和第2款。其中,对第1款中“干扰”的限制应从行为对象和保护法益两方面展开。同时,对司法解释的理解也应遵守罪刑法定原则,与刑法规定一致。

网络金融犯罪预警系统结构及优化研究——基于信息生态视角

[研究目的]网络金融犯罪预警系统是实现网络金融犯罪数字化治理的重要工具,但目前在预警体系构建、信息及技术共享、制度供给等方面尚存在诸多不足。将信息生态理论应用于网络金融犯罪预警系统研究中,可基于系统观、互动观、人本观和平衡观对网络金融犯罪预警系统结构进行全面分析和观察,为理清系统优化路径、推动系统健康可持续运行提供理论和实践指导。[研究方法]结合信息生态理论,系统梳理和分析网络金融犯罪预警系统构成要素的内涵、作用和关联关系,明确网络金融犯罪预警系统的形态和动态结构,在此基础上构建网络金融犯罪预警系统结构模型,并结合现实困境提出若干有针对性的优化对策建议。[研究结论]分析得出网络金融犯罪预警系统是由人员层、数据层和环境层通过建立依存与影响、补充与抑制、支持与促进的两两交织关系而形成的动态信息系统,且人员层存在链带、迭升和子集关系,数据层存在同源、遗传变异、离易和重生关系。系统可通过优化预警和组织体系、推动多链式区块链技术创新应用和完善信息共享机制、相关法律法规及绩效考评制度等路径实现健康可持续运行。

双层区分制对网络犯罪帮助行为认定的纠偏与重构

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪在规范属性的界定问题上存在悖论,且章节设置不尽合理,在“口袋罪”倾向日趋严重的现实情况下,理应限缩适用甚至非必要不适用《刑法》第287条之二。通过双层区分制将网络犯罪帮助行为认定为共同犯罪,符合我国刑法的现行体例,在维护共犯从属性对构成要件定型意义的同时,也妥当处理了网络犯罪帮助行为法益侵害严重程度升格的现象。作为对《刑法》第287条之二的纠偏,双层区分制在犯罪事实无法查明等定罪问题、主犯与从犯难以确定等量刑问题上均能有效应对,是回应认定网络犯罪帮助行为实践难题的合理路径。

数据法益的阶层式还原路径与刑法适用

在既有刑事立法框架下,建构完整的数据法益保护体系首先需要将抽象的数据法益进行还原。耦合式法益还原路径以主体为导向进行数据法益的分配,容易使刑法陷入数据确权的难题之中,且无法回答数据法益与信息法益保护之间的关系。应以阶层式路径还原刑法中的数据法益,即数据载体法益、数据本体法益、信息法益。刑法对数据本体法益的保护实乃对信息法益的预防性保护,当行为人采取侵入性手段获取本就应当被公开的数据时,不必然构成非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪。刑法应当严密信息法益犯罪的法网,适当扩大针对信息法益犯罪罪名的适用。

论个人信息侵权中的“损害”

数字时代背景下,个人信息侵权中的损害与传统私法中损害的经典概念之间存在龃龉,使得个人信息侵权难以被损害赔偿请求权所涵盖。《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》第69条中的损害包括财产损害与非财产损害,但司法实践中几乎不存在财产损害;同时,作为精神损害赔偿适用要件之一的严重精神损害也较少出现。个人信息侵权的实质是对人格利益,即人格自由与尊严的损害,从损害救济角度来看,传统的“损害”概念应当进行革新与扩张。故而,将非严重精神损害与升高的未来风险纳入个人信息侵权损害概念体系之中,具有一定的理论基础与比较法解释基础。为了促进《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》的适用和对被告予以充分威慑,文章认为,应当基于损害类型构建赔偿责任体系,淡化精神损害赔偿认定的标准,引入惩罚性赔偿制度,确定侵害个人信息权益的小额损害最低赔偿限额。

个人信息泄露风险损害的赔偿责任

《个人信息保护法》第69条确立了侵害个人信息权益损害赔偿的请求权基础,但并未明确规定应予救济的损害类型。当个人信息泄露并未实际造成次生损害时,其侵害后果具有无形性、不确定性、风险导向性,统一损害概念难以完全涵盖,有必要重构原生损害概念及其赔偿责任。个人信息泄露原生损害赔偿对象并非计算差额或个人信息的市场价值减损,而是面向未来的实质性风险。风险损害应采用动态体系的评价方法,落实于第三人动机、信息敏感性、安全技术措施、滥用证据等要素,其结论取决于诸要素协动后的综合权衡。风险损害的赔偿范围包括风险预防费用、使用利益丧失、内心焦虑损害、维权合理开支等,应建立其数额量化的酌定因素和区间。

损管指挥信息系统复杂网络拓扑结构研究

现代舰船灾害发生的突然性、灾害传播的快速性及其影响的广泛性显著增强,迫切需要提升损管指挥体系的信息化水平。基于复杂网络理论,建立了舰艇损管指挥信息系统的网络拓扑模型。通过网络拓扑模型的特征指标计算,对不同的损管指挥信息网络模式进行评估分析,给出提升损管指挥信息化水平的优化方法。完成损管指挥信息系统组织结构模型的构建、分析和优化工作,开发允许拓扑结构方案自定义的性能计算软件,改善传统树状损管指挥结构的不足,为损管指挥信息化研究提供一个新的方向。

爬虫技术下非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪与侵犯著作权罪的关系

【目的】研究非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪与侵犯著作权犯罪的区别与联系,在实现数据法益刑法保护的同时,让其与传统罪名良好衔接。【方法】通过对爬虫技术下非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪、侵犯著作权犯罪以及涉及两罪的相关案例进行实证研究,分析两罪保护的法益与其实行行为的差异,进而研究两罪关系。【结果】在司法实践中非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪与侵犯著作权罪不是非A即B的关系。【结论】将数据犯罪与传统犯罪区分是必然的,但不应将数据犯罪与传统犯罪相排斥,非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪与侵犯著作权罪可以数罪并罚。

基于新型电力系统信息模型的重点区域高压输电线路损毁态势感知预警方法研究

由于高压输电线路通常具有复杂的结构和特性,受到自然灾害、设备故障等影响,使得数据采集难度加大,且存在较多噪声,导致线路损毁态势感知预警结果不理想。为此,提出一种基于新型电力系统信息模型的重点区域高压输电线路损毁态势感知预警方法。文章采集重点区域高压输电线路数据,采用最大重叠离散小波变换(maximum overlapping discrete wavelet transform,MODWT)算法滤波处理重点区域高压输电线路数据。采用混合递阶遗传算法优化处理径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络结构和参数,将经过滤波处理的重点区域高压输电线路数据作为RBF神经网络的输入,实现重点区域高压输电线路损毁态势感知。通过实验结果表明,所提方法获取的重点区域高压输电线路损毁态势感知预警结果更加符合实际情况,可以为重点区域高压输电线路稳定运行提供有力的支持。

恶意爬取数据行为的刑法规制边界——以非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪为视角

爬取数据行为的刑事风险逐渐扩张,根本原因在于未厘清非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪法益的实质内涵。考虑到作为本罪行为对象的“数据”所具有的动态流转功能及其背后的重要利益价值,应将本罪保护的法益界定为“数据的控制与操作自由—传统信息内容安全”。这一阶层式法益成功跨越事实和规范之间的“鸿沟”,保证了刑法罪名体系之间的协调与功能上的合理配置。在厘清非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪法益内涵的基础上,能够为恶意爬取数据的行为划定合理的刑法边界。爬取开放数据一律不构罪;恶意爬取半开放数据不构成本罪,但不排除构成传统信息类犯罪的可能性;恶意爬取不开放数据,若其无法被还原为刑法类型化保护的传统信息,则不构罪;如果能够被还原,根据刑法类型化保护的信息内容是否公开再次判断,若公开则不构罪,反之则构罪,并且可能与传统信息类犯罪发生法条竞合。

数据爬取行为刑事不法认定的应然转向

滥用数据爬取技术有必要动用刑法加以规制,但司法实务及理论界的主要观点皆以爬取行为避开或突破技术保护措施作为判定刑事不法性的依据,导致刑法保护对象发生偏误,也抽空了数据犯罪的法益保护内容,抑制了数据公共价值的释放。以数据分类分级为基础建构数据安全法益,对数据爬取行为刑事不法的认定要以在客观上侵犯数据安全法益,主观上对行为方式与爬取数据的总量、数据表征的信息内容存在明知的事实上进行。数据爬取行为刑事不法性标准的重塑可作为《刑法》第285条第2款的“违反国家规定”与“情节严重”之间构建适格的构成要件行为的过渡,并可为非法获取数据行为确立值得刑法规制的罪质。

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪中“情节严重”的体系性解释

帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪中“情节严重”的认定标准和具体内涵都较为含糊,为保障司法适用的准确性,须从刑法教义学角度进行深入分析。“情节严重”应当定位于犯罪论体系中实质违法性的积极条件。由于特有的依附属性和独立属性,该罪具有上游信息网络犯罪所侵害的内层法益和帮助行为本身所侵害的外层法益信息网络安全管理秩序。因此,该罪“情节严重”应以内外双层法益为依托进行限缩解释:“情节严重”中的“情节”应仅限于客观方面的表明法益侵害程度的要素;帮助行为应当对其上游网络犯罪行为的实害法益产生危险性影响;对于实质违法性积极条件缺位的帮助行为,应发挥行刑衔接效能,不可动用刑罚处罚。

侵犯游戏类虚拟财产行为定性分析——以关系路径为视角

游戏类虚拟财产包括游戏账号、金币与装备,从权利视角出发,将其定义为物权或债权都存在难以自圆其说之处,以此为基础展开的刑法论证并不严谨。采取利益保护模式,从游戏运营商、玩家和第三人之间迥异的三种法律关系入手可满足游戏类虚拟财产的刑法救济需求。游戏类虚拟财产具有财产属性,作为财产性利益被囊括进财产犯罪对象,其外延应当被限缩。网络游戏运营商具有零成本复制数据的权限,运营商控制下的游戏类虚拟财产因具有可复制性而不是财产犯罪的对象,玩家控制下的虚拟财产因不具有可复制性而可以成为财产犯罪的对象。已经进入玩家市场流通环节的虚拟财产应当以市场价格认定财产价值,尚未进入玩家市场流通环节的虚拟财产应当以被害人投入成本费用和行为人销赃价格折中认定财产价值。

An Algebraic Detection Approach for Control Systems under Multiple Stochastic Cyber-attacks

In order to compromise a target control system successfully,hackers possibly attempt to launch multiple cyberattacks aiming at multiple communication channels of the control system.However,the problem of detecting multiple cyber-attacks has been hardly investigated so far.Therefore,this paper deals with the detection of multiple stochastic cyber-attacks aiming at multiple communication channels of a control system.Our goal is to design a detector for the control system under multiple cyberattacks.Based on frequency-domain transformation technique and auxiliary detection tools,an algebraic detection approach is proposed.By applying the presented approach,residual information caused by different attacks is obtained respectively and anomalies in the control system are detected.Sufficient and necessary conditions guaranteeing the detectability of the multiple stochastic cyber-attacks are obtained.The presented detection approach is simple and straightforward.Finally,two simulation examples are provided,and the simulation results show that the detection approach is effective and feasible.

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

The geography information system of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake has been established. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of damage and isoseismal of the earthquake are studied. By comparing with the standard earthquake intensity attenuation relationship, the abnormal damage dis-tribution of the earthquake is found, so the relationship of the abnormal distribution with tectonics, site condition and basin are analyzed. In this paper, the influence on the ground motion generated by earthquake source and the underground structures near source also are studied. The influence on seismic zonation, anti-earthquake design, earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency responding produced by the abnormal density distribution are discussed.

Areas vulnerable to natural disasters and damage estimation of infrastructure in Busan, Korea

Since the damages caused by disasters associated with climate anomalies and the diversification of the social structure increase every year, an efficient management system associated with a damage assessment of the areas vulnerable to disasters is demanded to prevent or mitigate the damages to infrastructure. The areas vulnerable to disasters in Busan, located at southeastern part of Korea, were estimated based on historical records of damages and a risk assessment of the infrastructure was performed to provide fundamental information prior to the establishment of the real-time monitoring system for infrastructure and establish disaster management system. The results are illustrated by using geographical information system(GIS) and provide the importance of the roadmap for comprehensive and specific strategy to manage natural disasters.